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RT Activity (rt + activity)
Selected AbstractsA role for endogenous reverse transcriptase in tumorigenesis and as a target in differentiating cancer therapyGENES, CHROMOSOMES AND CANCER, Issue 1 2006Paola Sinibaldi-Vallebona An unexpected result emerging from completion of the genome sequencing project is that a large portion of mammalian genomes is constituted by retrotransposons. A large body of published data supports the conclusion that retrotransposons are biologically active elements and indicates that retrotransposition is an ongoing process in mammalian genomes. Retroelements can act as insertional mutagens altering the coding integrity of genes and, recently, have been found to also affect the expression of cellular genes at the epigenetic level: in this light, they are a potential threat in that these events can trigger the onset of several pathologies including cancer. Retroelement genes, and particularly the gene coding for reverse transcriptase (RT), are typically expressed at high levels in transformed cells and tumors. In recent work, we have found that drug-mediated inhibition of the endogenous RT activity, or silencing of expression of active retrotransposons of the LINE-1 family by RNA interference, down-regulate cell growth and induce the activation of differentiating functions in several cancer cell lines. Moreover, the inhibition of endogenous RT activity in vivo antagonizes the growth of human tumors in animal models. In this review, we discuss newly emerging concepts on the role of retrotransposons and suggest that an abnormally high level of the RT activity that they encode may contribute to the loss of control in the proliferation and differentiation programs typical of transformed cells. In this light, RT-coding elements may be regarded as promising targets in the development of novel, differentiation-inducing approaches to cancer therapy. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Expression of LINE-1 retroposons is essential for murine preimplantation developmentMOLECULAR REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2006Rosanna Beraldi Abstract In higher eukaryotes, reverse transcriptase (RT) activities are encoded by a variety of endogenous retroviruses and retrotransposable elements. We previously found that mouse preimplantation embryos are endowed with an endogenous RT activity. Inhibition of that activity by the non nucleosidic inhibitor nevirapine or by microinjection of anti-RT antibody caused early embryonic developmental arrest. Those experiments indicated that RT is required for early development, but did not identify the responsible coding elements. We now show that microinjection of morpholino-modified antisense oligonucleotides targeting the 5, end region of active LINE-1 retrotransposons in murine zygotes irreversibly arrests preimplantation development at the two- and four-cell stages; the overall level of functional RT is concomitantly downregulated in arrested embryos. Furthermore, we show that the induction of embryo developmental arrest is associated with a substantial reprogramming of gene expression. Together, these results support the conclusion that expression of LINE-1 retrotransposons is required for early embryo preimplantation development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Inhibitory effects of Korean plants on HIV-1 activitiesPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 6 2001Byung Sun Min Abstract In the search for novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) agents from natural sources, 49 MeOH extracts of Korean plants were screened for their inhibitory effects against RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RT) and ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and HIV-1 protease, and anti-HIV-1 activity. Regarding the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, Agrimonia pilosa (whole plant), Cornus kousa (stem and leaf), Limonium tetragonum (root) and Mallotus japonicus (stem) showed significant inhibitory activity on RT activity with 50% inhibitory activity (IC50) of 8.9, 6.3, 7.5 and 11.9,µg/mL, respectively, whereas Agrimonia pilosa was also active against RNase H activity (IC50,=,98.4,µg/mL). Four plants, namely Agrimonia pilosa (whole plant), Atractylodes japonica (root), Clematis heracleifolia (whole plant) and Syneilesis palmata (whole plant), were appreciably active (<35%) against recombinant HIV-1 protease at a concentration of 100,µg/mL. Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum (root) showed significant anti-HIV-1 activity (ED50,=,12.5,µg/mL) with a favourable SI value of 16. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||