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Rhode Island (rhode + island)
Selected AbstractsExposure and effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Woonasquatucket River, Rhode Island, USA,ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2005Christine M. Custer Abstract Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Woonasquatucket River northwest of Providence (RI, USA) in 2000 and 2001 were some of the highest ever reported in avian tissues. Mean concentrations in eggs ranged from 300 to > 1,000 pg/g wet weight at the two most contaminated ponds, Allendale and Lyman. Mean egg concentrations at Greystone, the upstream reference pond, were 12 and 29 pg/g. Positive accumulation rates and concentrations in diet samples from 12-day-old nestlings indicated that the contamination was accumulated locally. Concentrations in diet of between 71 and 219 pg/g wet weight were more than 6 and 18 times higher than concentrations considered safe for birds (10,12 pg/g). Hatching success was negatively associated with concentration of TCDD in eggs. Only about half the eggs hatched at Allendale compared with >77% at Greystone. The national average for hatching success in successful nests is 85%. No other contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls and mercury, were present in any sample at concentrations known to affect avian reproduction. Three bioindicators, half-peak coefficient of geometric variation, ethoxyresorufin- O -dealkylase activity, and brain asymmetry were assessed relative to TCDD contamination. [source] Use of tag data to compare growth rates of Atlantic coast striped bass stocksFISHERIES MANAGEMENT & ECOLOGY, Issue 5 2003S. A. Welsh Abstract Migratory stocks of Atlantic coast striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), range primarily from North Carolina (NC) northward to Canadian waters. Between 1986 and 2000, 267 045 wild striped bass were tagged and released from NC to Massachusetts as part of the Cooperative Striped Bass Tagging Program. Direct measurements of growth of individual fish can be obtained from tag data and are useful for understanding the dynamics of fish populations. Growth rates from regressions of length-increment vs. time-at-liberty were estimated for striped bass tagged and released in three southern states [NC, Virginia (VA) and Maryland (MD)] and three northern states (New Jersey, New York and Rhode Island). Striped bass tagged in waters of northern states grew faster (significantly steeper regression slopes) than those tagged in southern areas. Migratory patterns, stock mixing, and unmeasured biotic and abiotic influences on growth precluded conclusions that observed growth patterns are stock-specific. These results, however, indicate latitudinal differences in growth rates, and should be considered in future research and management of Atlantic coast striped bass. [source] International Engineering Program at the University of Rhode IslandFOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 4 2002Article first published online: 31 DEC 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Red cell exchange transfusion for babesiosis in Rhode IslandJOURNAL OF CLINICAL APHERESIS, Issue 3 2009Joshua Spaete Abstract We report four cases of clinically severe tick borne babesiosis treated with chemotherapy and adjunctive red cell exchange (RCE) at two Rhode Island hospitals from 2004 to 2007. All RCE procedures were performed using a Cobe Spectra device and were well tolerated without complications. The volume of allogeneic red cells used in the exchange was determined using the algorithm in the apheresis device with the input variables of preprocedure hematocrit, weight, height, an assumed allogeneic red cell hematocrit of 55 and a desired post procedure hematocrit of 27. The preprocedure level of parasitemia varied between 2.4% and 24% and the postprocedure level of parasitemia between 0.4 and 5.5% with an average overall percent reduction in parasitemia of 74%. Retrospectively, application of a new formula to calculate red cell mass appeared to correlate better with the percent reduction in parasitemia. Previous reports of RCE in babesiosis were reviewed. The reported reduction in parasitemia varied from 50% to >90%. Although a preprocedure level of parasitemia of 10% is sometimes used as a threshold for RCE in clinically severe babesiosis, this threshold does not have a firm empirical basis. No postprocedure desired level of parasitemia is indicated nor the mass of allogeneic red cells needed to achieve such a level. We conclude that current estimates of the dose of allogeneic red cells used in RCE are probably inaccurate, advocate a new formula to estimate this dose and suggest that a 90% reduction in parasitemia should be the minimally desired target of RCE in babesiosis. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Restriction of the upper distribution of New England cobble beach plants by wave-related disturbanceJOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 5 2000Coleman W. Kennedy Summary 1,The New England cobble beach plant community is an intertidal assemblage of halophytic forbs found exclusively behind fringing beds of the grass Spartina alterniflora. The purpose of this study was to determine the life stage and factors that limit the upper (landward) distribution of cobble beach plants in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. 2,Seed traps and soil samples above the community border contained large numbers of seeds and buried seedlings of three cobble beach species, indicating that seed supply and germination do not limit vertical plant distribution. Experimentally added seeds of four species germinated above the community border, but seedlings did not emerge suggesting that seedling emergence is the proximate life stage limiting population and community distribution. 3,Measures of wave disturbance (cobble movement and change in cobble depth) indicated that substrate instability is substantially greater above than within the community, probably due to the lack of buffering by the S. alterniflora bed at higher tidal heights. 4,A second seed addition experiment demonstrated that seedlings of Suaeda linearis, a common cobble beach forb, are only able to emerge and grow into reproductive adults above the community border when the substrate there is artificially stabilized. Seedling transplants and glasshouse manipulations demonstrated that neither herbivores nor soil quality limited seedling emergence. 5,Overall, the vertical restriction of habitat modification by S. alterniflora appears to result in substrate instability at higher tidal elevations sufficient to prevent seedling emergence and limit the vertical distribution of cobble beach plants. [source] Population trends and habitat use of Harlequin Ducks in Rhode IslandJOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Christine M. Caron ABSTRACT To assess population trends of Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) in Rhode Island (U.S.A.), we analyzed Christmas Bird Counts and other historical surveys and also conducted surveys during the winter of 2005,2006. We estimated sex and age ratios, evaluated the effects of tidal regime and time of day on survey precision, and quantified habitat use. The population in Rhode Island experienced logistic growth from 1976 to 2004, with approximately 150 birds now wintering at three primary sites in the state. We estimated that the current ratio of males to females in the region was 1.6:1 (62% males) and that 13% of males were first-winter birds. Most Harlequin Ducks were observed in rocky habitats within 50 m of the shore or offshore islands. We detected the greatest numbers of birds, with the least amount of variation, during morning surveys at low tide, suggesting that this may be the most appropriate time for population monitoring. Increases in the Rhode Island population and male-biased sex ratios may indicate a local population recovery resulting from a hunting ban initiated in 1990. Although most Harlequin Ducks in eastern North America winter in Maine, the population in Rhode Island represents one of the largest in the southern part of their range. SINOPSIS Para determinar las tendencias poblacionales de arlequines (Histrionicus histrionicus), en Rhode Island, analizamos los conteos navideños, otros censos históricos y además llevamos a cabos censos durante el invierno de 2005,2006. Cuantificamos el uso de habitat, estimamos la tasa de edad y sexos y evaluamos el efecto del régimen de mareas y la hora del dia en la presición de los censos. La población de patos arlequines experimentó un crecimiento logístico de 1976,2004, con unos 150 patos pasando el invierno en tres localidades primarias, del estado. Estimamos una tasa de 1.6:1 de machos a hembras (62% de machos), siendo un 13% de los machos individuos de primer invierno. La mayoría de las aves fueron observadas en hábitats rocosos a unos 50 m de la playa o en islas cerca de la playa. Detectamos el mayor número de aves, con la menor variación, en los censos que se llevaron a cabo durante la marea baja, lo que sugiere que este es el momento más apropiado para monitorear sus poblaciones. El aumento de estas aves en Rhode Island, el sesgo en su sexo, hacia mayor cantidad de machos, pudiera indicar, de un recobro poblacional como resultado la prohibición de su cacería a partir de 1990. Aunque la mayoría de los arlequines de la parte este de los EUA pasan el invierno en Maine, la población de Rhode Island representa una de las mayores en la parte sur de su distribución. [source] Fetal Heart Rate Patterns and Sudden Infant Death SyndromeJOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 1 2006Cydney A. Menihan Objective:, To determine differences in electronic fetal monitoring patterns between infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome and controls. Design:, Case-control study (N= 127). Setting:, A tertiary-level women's hospital in Providence, Rhode Island. Participants:, Infants born between 1990 and 1998 who subsequently died of sudden infant death syndrome and controls. Demographic and clinical data included medical maternal charts and fetal monitoring records. Results:, Compared with controls (n= 98), the mothers whose infants subsequently died of sudden infant death syndrome (n= 29) had lower birthweight babies (sudden infant death syndrome 2,840 vs. controls 3,385 g; p < .01), were younger (22 vs. 28 years; p < .01), were more likely to receive Medicaid health insurance (odds ratio 4.6; confidence interval 1.9-11.2), were more likely to be unmarried (odds ratio 5.2; confidence interval 2.1-12.8), had less intention to breastfeed (26% vs. 57%), and were more likely to smoke (odds ratio 4.6; confidence interval 9-11.2). Main outcome measures:, There were no statistical differences in fetal heart rate variability or sleep/wake cycles detected between groups. Conclusion:, Statistical differences were found in demographic characteristics between sudden infant death syndrome mother-infant couples and their controls. However, no differences were detected in the intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring records, specifically in variability and sleep/wake cycles. JOGNN,35, 116,122; 2006. DOI: 10.1111/J.1552-6909.2006.00013.x [source] SYNTHESIS OF MOLECULAR RESEARCH ON BATRACHOSPERMUM HELMINTHOSUM (RHODOPHYTA) FROM STREAM REACHES IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICAJOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 2001Article first published online: 24 SEP 200 Vis, M. L., Hall, M. M., Machesky, N. J. & Miller, E. J. Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA The freshwater red alga Batrachospermum helminthosum was collected from eleven streams throughout the species range in eastern North America as follows: three stream reaches from Ohio, and one each from Michigan, Indiana, Tennessee, Louisiana, North Carolina, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts. The molecular marker technique of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and sequence data from the plastid encoded rubisco large subunit gene (rbcL), the mitochondrial COX2-COX3 gene spacer region, and the nuclear region of ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 were employed to examine biogeographic trends in this alga. Analysis of the rbcL sequence revealed 5 genotypes with one genotype representing individuals from seven stream reaches. Data from the ISSR molecular markers gave a distinct banding pattern for each of 165 individuals examined. ISSR results showed all individuals within a reach clustered together but did not provide well-defined groupings based on stream reach. The sequence data for the COX2-COX3 gene spacer was invariant among individuals from a stream reach. The individuals from Connecticut, Rhode Island and 2 Ohio stream reaches were identical and similarly the individuals from the North Carolina and another Ohio location did not vary in sequence so that seven genotypes were recorded among the individuals from the eleven stream reaches. Analysis of the ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region showed sequence variation not only among individuals from different streams but also among individuals from the same reach. The utility and congruency of these data sets to answer biogeographic questions will be discussed. [source] GRATELOUPIA DORYPHORA HAS ESTABLISHED RESIDENCY IN RHODE ISLAND WATERSJOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 2000M. M. Harlin Since 1994, when Grateloupia doryphora (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) was first detected in Rhode Island, the species has spread to the northern portions of Narragansett Bay and onto the open coast of Rhode Island Sound. Specimens collected at 5 m depths off North Prudence Island reached 175 cm in length and establish this alga as the largest member of the Florideophyceae on North Atlantic shores. Percent cover of populations is seasonal: highest in fall (September through November) and lowest in spring (March through May). Monthly measurements at three stations in Narragansett Bay show significant seasonal differences (p < 0.01) over two annual cycles. Artificial substrata placed in the field at known periods allowed measurements of growth rates on individual thalli. Laboratory culture clarified the sequence of life history stages that make this species a successful contender for space. [source] The Identification of a Limited Number of Vegetative Compatibility Groups within Isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Infecting Poa spp. and Agrostis palustris from Temperate ClimatesJOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 7-8 2006N. A. Mitkowski Abstract Sclerotinia homoeocarpa is responsible for causing significant damage on a wide variety of different grass species. Because it is an asexual fungus, the study of its population structure can be difficult. Previous research has determined that S. homoeocapra has anywhere from three to 20 vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) within localized geographic ranges in the United States. However, a survey of a large geographic area has yet to be undertaken. The present study examined 25 isolates of S. homoeocarpa from the United Kingdom, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Ohio, Illinois and Oregon. Among the 25 isolates, eight VCGs were identified. Other researchers have reported that there are seven VCGs in temperate North America on amenity turfgrasses. It is still unclear how this relates to the pathogen's VCG diversity in subtropical and tropical climates. [source] Stimulating a normal adjustment: Misbehavior, amphetamines, and the electroencephalogram at the bradley home for childrenJOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, Issue 4 2006Elizabeth Bromley This article uses an historical case study to describe the influence of social and contextual factors on the adoption of somatic approaches to children's misbehavior. The child guidance movement and the emergence of medicalized residential treatment facilities for children influenced the theoretical orientations of physicians treating children's behavior disorders in the United States in the 1930s. Charles Bradley and his colleagues at the Bradley Home in Rhode Island defined behavior disorders in social terms but investigated and treated misbehavior with somatic tools. The use of amphetamines and the electroencephalogram reorganized concepts of maladjustment along neurological lines, even as the research relied on the Home's social priorities. Electroencephalographic investigations especially shaped an organic concept of misbehavior. Ultimately, the somatic orientation obscured the central role of local context in Bradley Home physicians' research. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Integrating nine prescription opioid analgesics and/or four signal detection systems to summarize statewide prescription drug abuse in the United States in 2007,PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 9 2009Michael F. Schneider MS Abstract Purpose Integrate statewide rankings of abuse across different drugs and/or signal detection systems to summarize prescription drug abuse in each state in 2007. Methods Four signal detection systems (Opioid Treatment Programs, Key Informants, Drug Diversion, and Poison Centers) that covered heterogeneous populations collected data on the abuse of nine opioids: hydrocodone, immediate-release oxycodone, tramadol, extended-release [ER] oxycodone, fentanyl, morphine, methadone, hydromorphone, and buprenorphine). We introduce here linearized maps which integrate nine drugs within each system; four systems for each drug; or all drugs and systems. Results When rankings were integrated across drugs, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maine, West Virginia, and Michigan were in the highest tertile of abuse in three systems. When rankings were integrated across signal detection systems, there was a geographic clustering of states with the highest rates for ER oxycodone (in Tennessee, Mississippi, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont) and methadone (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont, Connecticut, and New Jersey). When rankings were integrated across both drugs and signal detection systems, states with 3-digit ZIP codes below 269 (i.e., from Massachusetts to West Virginia): Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont, Washington DC, Virginia, and West Virginia were in the highest tertile and only Delaware was in the lowest tertile. Conclusions We have presented methods to integrate data on prescription opioid abuse collected by signal detection systems covering different populations. Linearized maps are effective graphical summaries that depict differences in the level of prescription opioid abuse at the state level. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Museum of Work and Culture, Woonsocket, Rhode IslandANTHROPOLOGY OF WORK REVIEW, Issue 1 2009Richard Zimmer No abstract is available for this article. [source] National Study of the Relation of Primary Care Shortages to Emergency Department UtilizationACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 3 2007Ilana B. Richman BA Background: Emergency department (ED) visit volumes are increasing nationwide. Objectives: To determine whether states with primary care shortages have higher rates of ED use. Methods: Populations residing in primary care shortage areas were abstracted from the Health Resources and Services Administration Geospatial Database. Annual ED visit volumes were available from the 2001 National ED Inventory. Population data and potential confounders were abstracted from federal data sets. All analyses were conducted at the state level. Results: Primary care shortage densities varied greatly across states, ranging from 3 (New Jersey) to 28 (Mississippi) medically underserved individuals per 100 people. States also varied in their annual ED visit densities, ranging from 23 visits (Hawaii) to 65 visits (Washington, DC) per 100 people. Of the 17 states in the top tertile for primary care shortage, 7 also were in the top tertile for ED visits. Primary care shortage density was positively associated with ED visit density. An increase of 10 medically underserved individuals per 100 people was associated with an annual increase of 4.2 ED visits per 100 people (p = 0.04). The association remained after controlling for six factors, with an increase of 10 medically underserved individuals per 100 people associated with an annual increase of 3.3 ED visits per 100 people (p = 0.04). Nevertheless, five states had high ED visit densities despite comparatively low primary care shortage densities (Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont), whereas five others had low ED visit densities despite high primary care shortage densities (Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, and South Dakota). Conclusions: A positive association between primary care shortage densities and ED visit densities was found. Although most states adhere to this pattern, some states do not. Further investigation of this dissociation may yield additional explanations for rising ED visit volumes. [source] | ||||||||||||||||