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Quinine Hydrochloride (quinine + hydrochloride)
Selected AbstractsCalcium taste preferences: genetic analysis and genome screen of C57BL/6J × PWK/PhJ hybrid miceGENES, BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR, Issue 6 2008M. G. Tordoff To characterize the genetic basis of voluntary calcium consumption, we tested C57BL/6J mice (B6; with low avidity for calcium), PWK/PhJ mice (PWK; with high avidity for calcium) and their F1 and F2 hybrids. All mice received a series of 96-h two-bottle preference tests with a choice between water and the following: 50 mm CaCl2, 50 mm calcium lactate, 50 mm MgCl2, 100 mm KCl, 100 mm NH4Cl, 100 mm NaCl, 5 mm citric acid, 30 ,m quinine hydrochloride and 2 mm saccharin. Most frequency distributions of the parental and F1 but not F2 groups were normally distributed, and there were few sex differences. Reciprocal cross analysis showed that B6 × PWK F1 mice had a non-specific elevation of fluid intake relative to PWK × B6 F1 mice. In the F2 mice, trait correlations were clustered among the divalent salts and the monovalent chlorides. A genome screen involving 116 markers showed 30 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), of which six involved consumption of calcium chloride or lactate. The results show pleiotropic controls of calcium and magnesium consumption that are distinct from those controlling consumption of monovalent chlorides or exemplars of the primary taste qualities. [source] Pharmacokinetics of quinine and its metabolites in pregnant Sudanese women with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malariaJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 1 2007I. I. Abdelrahim MSc Summary Objectives:, The study was conducted in New Halfa teaching hospital, eastern Sudan to investigate the pharmacokinetics of quinine in pregnant Sudanese women. Methods:, Sixteen (eight pregnant and eight non-pregnant) Sudanese women infected with Plasmodium falciparum malaria were given a single dose of quinine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg body weight) as intravenous infusion over 2 h. The women were treated with intramuscular artemether. Plasma was collected before quinine administration and up to 72 h thereafter. These were analysed for quinine and its metabolites, 3-hydroxyquinine, (10R)-10,11-dihydroxyquinine and (10S)-10,11-dihydroxyquinine using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results:, The two groups were well matched in their basic characteristics. There was no significant difference in the mean maximum plasma concentration attained (Cmax), the mean time at which Cmax was attained, the elimination half-life (t1/2) and the total area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve (AUC) of quinine and its metabolites between the pregnant in non-pregnant women. Conclusion:, There was no significant difference in quinine metabolism between pregnant and non-pregnant women and there is no need to adjust quinine dose when treating pregnant women. [source] Quantification of suppression of bitterness using an electronic tongueJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 12 2001Sou Takagi Abstract Phospholipids, such as phosphatidic acid, suppress bitter taste without affecting other taste qualities. In the present study, we detected and quantified this suppression effect with an electronic tongue whose transducer is composed of several kinds of lipid/polymer membranes with different characteristics. We measured a phospholipid cocktail and various kinds of taste substances with five basic taste qualities. The responses to quinine hydrochloride and L -tryptophan, which have a bitter taste, were reduced as the phospholipid concentration was increased, and the responses to the other taste substances were not affected by the phospholipids, as with the human sensation test. Furthermore, the change of bitter interisity caused by phospholipid was quantified by principal component analysis and the , scale, which expresses the relationship between taste intensity and taste substance concentration. The results are compared with those of the human sensory test and discussed. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 90:2042,2048, 2001 [source] 34 Senso-reflexory control of the gastric myoelectrical activity , effect of oral exposure to a sweet or a bitter taste on a multichannel electrogastrogramNEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 6 2006M DZIELICKI Aim:, To examine the effect of sensory stimulation with a sweet or a bitter taste on the interdigestive gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) in humans. Methods:, Eighteen healthy subjects (10F, 8M) underwent on two separate days four-channel electrogastrographic recordings comprising three consecutive 35 min periods: (i) basal fasted, (ii) a stimulation epoch while a subject was chewing an agar cube soaked with a taste-delivering substance (saccharose for the sweet taste, quinine hydrochloride for the bitter taste), (iii) a post-stimulatory (recovery) epoch. An electrocardiogram was simultaneously registered for the purpose of the heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Results:, Exposure to the sweet taste brought about an increase in the power of the high frequency (HF: 0.15,0.4 Hz) band of the power spectrum-analyzed HRV data. The bitter taste had no effect on the HRV. During the stimulation and the recovery epoch a statistically significant augmentation in the relative time share of tachy- and bradygastria within the multichannel electrogastrogram was found either with the sweet or the bitter taste. Whereas no any other modifications of the GMA were elicited by the sweet taste, the exposure to the bitter taste resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the relative time share of normogastria, a decline in the dominant frequency and the dominant power of the gastric slow waves, as well as a reduction in the percentage of the slow wave coupling. Conclusions:, (i) Exposure to the sweet taste elicits a vagal arousal expressed by an increase in the HF power, whereas the bitter taste does not affect the equilibrium between the parasympathetic and the sympathetic component of the autonomous nervous system; (ii) The increased relative time contribution of tachy- and bradygastria within the electrogastrogram during both the stimulation and the recovery epoch should be considered an unspecific phenomenon because it accompanied stimulation either with the sweet or the bitter taste; (iii) The inhibitory effect of the bitter taste on the GMA, reflected by a diminution in the dominant frequency and the dominant power of the gastric slow waves, as well as their reduced coupling, may be indicative of an evolutionary archetype of a warning reaction of the human (mammalian) organism towards this taste. [source] The number of taste buds is related to bitter taste sensitivity in layer and broiler chickensANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010Ken-ichi KUDO ABSTRACT The relationship between taste sensitivity and the number of taste buds using a bitter tastant, quinine hydrochloride, was investigated in White Leghorn, Rhode Island Red, and broiler chickens. The White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red strains were able to perceive 2.0 mmol/L quinine hydrochloride, but the taste sensitivity of Rhode Island Red chickens was higher than that of White Leghorn chickens. Broiler chickens perceived 0.5 mmol/L quinine hydrochloride. The number of taste buds in the White Leghorn strain was the lowest, then the Rhode Island Red strain, with the number of taste buds highest in the broiler chickens. The number of taste buds was well correlated with bitter taste sensitivity. Therefore, we suggest that the number of taste buds is a vital factor in the perception of bitter taste and may be useful in selecting appropriate feeds for chickens. [source] | |||||||||||||