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Quaternary Salt (quaternary + salt)
Selected Abstracts(4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a,-diaza-s-indacen-3-yl)acetaldehyde: Synthesis and chemical propertiesJOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2009Mykola P. Shandura A reaction of 3,5-dimethylborondipyrromethene 3 with the DMF dimethylacetal gives rise to monoenamine 4. The latter is converted to the corresponding aldehyde 5. A considerable contribution of the enolic form of the aldehyde allows preparing numerous 3-vinyl substituted borondipyrromethenes and some heterocyclic derivatives. A reaction of the aldehyde 5 with tertiary aliphatic amines and the consecutive Hofmann-type decomposition of the intermediary quaternary salt give rise to the corresponding dialkylaminovinyl derivatives. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009). [source] Modeling and extractive properties of quaternary salt in a two-phase systemAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2002Ho-Shing Wu Thermodynamic equilibrium parameters of seven kinds of 1:1 electrolytes of quaternary salts in an organic and aqueous phase, including an extraction constant for ion-pair and free-ion, distribution constant, and dissociation constant in an organic solvent/aqueous solution, were determined by a numerical iteration method. Temperature, the kinds of solvents and quaternary salts, and the concentration of quaternary salts were evaluated to understand the thermodynamic properties. The free energies of extraction constant, distribution constant, dissociation constant, and the transfer of dissociated ions and ion pairs for quaternary ions were obtained as well. The amount of coextracted water and thermodynamic parameters were correlated with the solvent property. The equation of hydrophile,lipophile balance for selecting proper quaternary salt was also developed. [source] Pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) Containing Energetic SaltsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 16 2006Haixiang Gao Abstract New quaternary salts of pentafluorosulfanyl-substituted (SF5) N -methylimidazole (1), 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3) or pyridine (5) were prepared and characterized. Most of the salts exhibit good thermal stabilities and low melting points placing them in the ionic liquid class. Their densities range between 1.4 and 1.8 g/cm3. The standard enthalpies of formation for the new salts were calculated by the use of computationally feasible DFT(B3LYP) and MP2 methods in conjunction with an empirical approach based on densities of salts. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006) [source] Synthetic Potentials of Heptamethine Merocyanine Dyes Containing an Active Chlorine Atom: Reactivity towards NucleophilesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 29 2009Tzveta Gospodova Abstract The reactivity of heptamethine merocyanine dyes that contain an active chlorine atom at a meso position of the polymethine chain towards nucleophiles is investigated for the first time. The reactivity differs completely from that of cationic cyanine dyes and is consistent with a concerted SNAr addition,elimination mechanism. This mechanism is additionally supported by the performed DFT calculations in the gas phase and in solution. The observed dependence of the reaction on the type of the nucleophilic agents is discussed in terms of Pearson's theory. Additional diversification of and improvement in the stability of the ramified merocyanines is achieved in reactions with methyl-substituted quaternary salts of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The photophysical characteristics of the novel dyes are reported and compared with those of the parent merocyanine.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009) [source] Modeling and extractive properties of quaternary salt in a two-phase systemAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2002Ho-Shing Wu Thermodynamic equilibrium parameters of seven kinds of 1:1 electrolytes of quaternary salts in an organic and aqueous phase, including an extraction constant for ion-pair and free-ion, distribution constant, and dissociation constant in an organic solvent/aqueous solution, were determined by a numerical iteration method. Temperature, the kinds of solvents and quaternary salts, and the concentration of quaternary salts were evaluated to understand the thermodynamic properties. The free energies of extraction constant, distribution constant, dissociation constant, and the transfer of dissociated ions and ion pairs for quaternary ions were obtained as well. The amount of coextracted water and thermodynamic parameters were correlated with the solvent property. The equation of hydrophile,lipophile balance for selecting proper quaternary salt was also developed. [source] | ||||||||||