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Public Exposure (public + exposure)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Exomphalos , a major or minor problem?

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 9 2002
T. O'Neill
Introduction The mortality and morbidity statistics associated with exomphalos major remain discouraging despite advances in management techniques (1). Congenital lung pathology, in particular pulmonary hypoplasia, and thoracic maldevelopment, have been strongly allied to this condition, accounting for the high incidence of pulmonary insufficiency necessitating prolonged ventilatory support in these infants (2). We discuss the respiratory issues in an infant with a particularly severe form of exomphalos major, and the impact of a comprehensive parental website devoted to the infants' management and progress. Case Report A female infant, born at 38 weeks' gestation, was referred for management of exomphalos major. Due to the extensive nature of the abdominal wall defect, primary surgical closure was impossible and initial management consisted of staged reduction by external compression of the exomphalos. This resulted in escalating cardiovascular and respiratory embarrassment, and was abandoned in favour of conservative treatment, whereby the sac was dressed and allowed to epithelialise. Thereafter the clinical course was characterised by chronic pulmonary insufficiency requiring prolonged ventilatory support. Ventilator dependence did not significantly decrease until lung growth occurred and the sitting position was adopted, enabling weaning from conventional ventilation to genuine BIPAP at 6 months. Currently, after 11 months, we are preparing her for entry into a home ventilation programme. Throughout this period, progress and realistic goals were discussed at multidisciplinary case conferences involving the parents. The interpreted medical management has subsequently been displayed by the parents on an elaborate, up-to-date website, which is part of a larger ,Mother Of Omphalocele' network. Although innovative, this highlights the fact that we the medical profession, should be vigilant with regard to potential public exposure of patient management. Whilst the Internet has become an integral part of our own continuing education, this case highlights a new aspect of how it may be used by our patients and their relatives to compare and contrast management policies in various institutions. [source]

Analysis of Specific Absorption Rate and Current Density in Biological Tissues Surrounding Energy Transmission Transformer for an Artificial Heart: Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Human Body Model

ARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 1 2010
Naoya Higaki
Abstract The transcutaneous energy transmission system used for artificial hearts is a transmission system that uses electromagnetic induction. Use of the TETS improves quality of life and reduces the risk of infection caused by percutaneous connections. This article reports the changes in the electromagnetic effects of TETS that influence a human body when the locations of the air-core coils of the transcutaneous transformer are changed. The specific absorption rate and current density in a model consisting of a human trunk that included 24 different organs are analyzed using an electromagnetic simulator. The air-core coils are located on the pectoralis major muscle near the collarbone in model 1, whereas they are located on the axillary region of the serratus anterior musle, which overlies the rib in model 2. The maximum current densities in models 1 and 2 are 5.2 A/m2 and 6.1 A/m2, respectively. The current density observed in model 2 slightly exceeds the limiting value prescribed by International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). When the volumes of biological tissues whose current densities exceed the limiting value of current density for general public exposure are compared, the volume in model 2 (156.1 cm3) is found to be larger than that in model 1 (93.7 cm3). Hence, it is speculated that the presence of the ribs caused an increase in the current density. Therefore, it is concluded that model 1 satisfies the ICNIRP standards. [source]

Bringing Ethical Investment to Account

AUSTRALIAN ACCOUNTING REVIEW, Issue 34 2004
Geoff Frost
As the ethical investment industry in Australia matures there is a need for greater scrutiny and understanding of the potential investor's personal beliefs, the investment products on offer and the processes by which the investment universe is determined. The recent introduction of regulation requiring additional information in product disclosure statements is a step in the right direction. However, further disclosure by funds and public exposure is necessary to create a transparent and accountable investment industry. [source]

Mobile phone base station-emitted radiation does not induce phosphorylation of Hsp27

BIOELECTROMAGNETICS, Issue 2 2007
H. Hirose
Abstract An in vitro study focusing on the effects of low-level radiofrequency (RF) fields from mobile radio base stations employing the International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 (IMT-2000) cellular system was conducted to test the hypothesis that modulated RF fields act to induce phosphorylation and overexpression of heat shock protein hsp27. First, we evaluated the responses of human cells to microwave exposure at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 80 mW/kg, which corresponds to the limit of the average whole-body SAR for general public exposure defined as a basic restriction in the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. Second, we investigated whether continuous wave (CW) and Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) modulated signal RF fields at 2.1425 GHz induced activation or gene expression of hsp27 and other heat shock proteins (hsps). Human glioblastoma A172 cells were exposed to W-CDMA radiation at SARs of 80 and 800 mW/kg for 2,48 h, and CW radiation at 80 mW/kg for 24 h. Human IMR-90 fibroblasts from fetal lungs were exposed to W-CDMA at 80 and 800 mW/kg for 2 or 28 h, and CW at 80 mW/kg for 28 h. Under the RF field exposure conditions described above, no significant differences in the expression levels of phosphorylated hsp27 at serine 82 (hsp27[pS82]) were observed between the test groups exposed to W-CDMA or CW signal and the sham-exposed negative controls, as evaluated immediately after the exposure periods by bead-based multiplex assays. Moreover, no noticeable differences in the gene expression of hsps were observed between the test groups and the negative controls by DNA Chip analysis. Our results confirm that exposure to low-level RF field up to 800 mW/kg does not induce phosphorylation of hsp27 or expression of hsp gene family. Bioelectromagnetics © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]