Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Psychological Profile (psychological + profile)
Selected AbstractsPsychological profile in oral lichen planusJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 10 2005Kiro Ivanovski Abstract Aim: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an oral lesion with an enigmatic etiology. To explore the possibility of psycho-somatization, we evaluated the psychological personality profiles of OLP patients. Methods: Twenty patients with reticular; 20 with erosive form of OLP, and 25 controls were tested with the psychological Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-202 test. Eight clinical scales (hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, and hypomania) as well as cortisol level, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD16 markers by group were compared. Psychosomatization was evaluated by the use of internalization ratio (IR) Index. Results: A characteristic MMPI profile was noted in the OLP groups with high IR index value. Significant differences among the groups were detected for cortisol, CD4, CD8, and CD16 counts. Mean values for hypochondriasis, depression, and hysteria were all significantly different with significantly higher mean scores for both reticular and erosive OLP subjects compared with controls. Conclusions: Prolonged emotive stress in many OLP patients may lead to psychosomatization and may contribute to the initiation and clinical expression of this oral disorder. Clinical significance: If additional research involving a larger and more diverse sample of patients confirms these findings, clinical trials will be needed to determine whether adjunctive psychological intervention provides a benefit in treating patients with OLP. [source] Psychopathology in female juvenile offendersTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 6 2004Angela Dixon Background:, The aim was to document the spectrum of present and lifetime psychological disorders in female juvenile offenders, and to examine the relations between mental health status and socio-demographic, family and trauma variables. Method:, One hundred juvenile offenders were matched with a comparison group of 100 females on age and socioeconomic status (SES). Psychological profiles and trauma histories of both groups were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children , Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and family functioning was assessed with the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale II (FACES II) self-report measure. Results:, Rates of psychopathology were higher for offenders than non-offenders (p < .001), with particularly high levels of conduct disorder (91% v.1%, p < .001), substance abuse disorders (85% v. 5%, p < .001), depression (55% v. 25%, p < .001) and posttraumatic stress disorder (37% v. 4%, p < .001). In the offenders, 78% met the criteria for three or more diagnoses. The number of psychiatric diagnoses was the most significant factor associated with offender status (OR = 21.26, p < .001). Conclusions:, There is a high prevalence of psychological disorder in females in juvenile justice custody and this has a very strong association with offender status. Because these co-morbid disorders are treatable, there is a clear opportunity to intervene to decrease psychological distress. [source] The development of a specialist hostel for the community management of personality disordered offendersCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 1 2009Stephen Blumenthal Background,Since the late 1990s, in England and in Wales, there has been increasing interest in the particular challenges of managing offenders with personality disorder (PD). In 1999, a specialist hostel, managed by the probation service but with a high level of forensic mental health service input, was opened to high-risk PD offenders. Aims,To describe the first 93 high-risk residents with PD who were completing sentences under life licence, parole or probation, and their outcome. Methods,We investigated the nature of the offences residents had previously committed, their psychological profile in terms of personality patterns on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) and the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), as well as staff commentary on their progress, to establish whether these factors related to outcome in terms of completion of stay in the hostel or premature discharge. Curfew failures and rearrest rates were also measured. Results,Of the 80 men who completed their residency within the two years of the study, the majority (50) left the hostel for positive reasons under mutual agreement. One-fifth were rearrested while resident, which is a lower rate than would be expected for such a group of offenders. PCL-R scores were predictive of outcome, but so was previous offending history. Self-defeating traits on the MCMI-III and negative comments written by hostel staff were also associated with failure. Conclusions,The hostel development demonstrated that probation and health services can work together to manage violent offenders with high levels of psychological dysfunction, and the evaluation provided some indications of how such arrangements might be enhanced. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Extending the psychological profile of market mavenismJOURNAL OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR, Issue 5 2006Ronald E. Goldsmith This paper describes a study in the psychology of market mavenism, the consumer tendency to become especially involved in the marketplace. The purpose was to investigate empirically associations with the important consumer characteristics of innovativeness, status consumption, and need for uniqueness. The findings support the notion that market mavenism is due less to the demographic characteristics of consumers as it is more a socially constructed phenomenon. Global innovativeness, status consumption, and creative choice counterconformity explained more variance in market mavenism than did demographics. Theoretically, these findings enrich our knowledge of the psychology of market mavens by suggesting some motivations for their behavior. Practically, marketing strategies can be fine-tuned to appeal more effectively to this important segment of consumers by appealing to mavens' willingness to try new things, to their need for uniqueness, and to their willingness to seek social status through consumption. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Corporal punishment: Mother's disciplinary behavior and child's psychological profile in Alexandria, EgyptJOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING, Issue 1 2009Mostafa A. Abolfotouh Abstract Although all professionals oppose abusive physical punishment, nonabusive physical punishment is still controversial. The aim of the present study was (i) to determine parents' behavior regarding the discipline of their children using corporal punishment or other alternative disciplinary methods, (ii) to identify the different associated factors for corporal punishment, and (iii) to determine the association between exposure of the child to corporal punishment and his or her psychosocial well-being. A representative sample of 400 fifth-grade primary school children and their mothers were subjected to a cross-sectional survey. Mothers were subjected to a questionnaire to assess their behavior on corporal punishment and other disciplinary methods. The children were subjected to Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory to assess their self-esteem, and a questionnaire to assess their relationship with others. About three-quarter of children (76.3%) were corporally punished, and about half of them (46.2%) were punished on sites other than the extremities or buttocks. In 59.3% of them the frequency of the punishment ranged from once or twice/week to more than once/day, and it left marks in about 20%. Other disciplinary methods used by mothers were yelling/insulting (43.5%), taking away a toy or privilege (39.3%), discussing/explaining (9.5%), and time out (2.8%). The significant predictors of mothers' use of corporal punishment were male gender of the child (p < 0.01), rural origin of the father (p= 0.02), the mother's bad history of rearing experience (p < 0.01), and poor interparental relationship (p= 0.02). The relation between corporal punishment of children and their self-esteem was not statistically significant; however, corporally punished children scored lower on their relationship with others than noncorporally punished ones (Z= 2.60, p < 0.05). Corporal punishment is a widespread disciplinary method in Alexandria. The use of corporal punishment could have adverse effects on the child especially on his or her relationship with others. Planning an awareness-raising educational program for current and expectant parents is recommended, to promote positive nonviolent methods of child rearing, via the media and campaigns, and encouragement of political, community, and religious leaders; medical personnel; journalists; and sports and entertainment figures to share in these campaigns [source] Clustering of Device-Related Concerns and Type D Personality Predicts Increased Distress in ICD Patients Independent of Shocks,PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1 2008SUSANNE S PEDERSEN Ph.D. Background: This study examined the impact of clustering of device-related concerns and Type D personality on anxiety and depressive symptoms during a six-month period and the clinical relevance of shocks, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) concerns, and Type D. Methods: Consecutively implanted ICD patients (n = 176) completed questionnaires at baseline and six months and were divided into four risk groups: (1) No risk factors (neither ICD concerns nor Type D); (2) ICD concerns only; (3) Type D only; (4) Clustering (both ICD concerns and Type D). Results: The prevalence of Type D and concerns were 21.6% and 34.7%. Analysis of variance for repeated measures showed a reduction in anxiety over time (P < 0.001), with the risk groups exerting a stable (P = 0.14) but differential effect (P < 0.001); the highest level was seen in the clustering group. Similar results were found for depression, although depressive symptoms did not decrease (P = 0.08) and the impact of clustering was less clear. These results were confirmed in adjusted analysis, with shocks (P = 0.024) also being associated with anxiety but not depression. The impact of ICD concerns and Type D personality on anxiety and depression at baseline and six months was large (,0.8) compared to negligible to moderate for shocks (0.0,0.6). Conclusions: ICD patients with psychosocial risk factor clustering had the highest level of anxiety, whereas the pattern for depression was less consistent. Shocks influenced outcomes, but the impact was smaller compared to ICD concerns and Type D personality. It may be timely to expand the focus beyond shocks when seeking to identify ICD patients at risk for adverse clinical outcome due to their psychological profile. [source] A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the role of a short reducing course of oral corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndromeBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2007Sylvia M. Bates OBJECTIVES To assess the validity of our observational experience that a short course of oral prednisolone therapy might be of value in the management of symptoms of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) in men. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-one men with CPPS (inflammatory or non-inflammatory) for ,6 months, and who had failed to improve with standard antibiotic therapy, were randomized to receive either a 1-month reducing course of oral prednisolone (nine) or an equivalent placebo regimen (12 men). The outcome measures used were the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), General Health Questionnaire-30 (GHQ-30) and the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), which were completed at baseline and 3 months. RESULTS Outcomes were analysed for the 18 patients (six treated, 12 placebo) who completed the 3 months of follow-up. At both baseline and 3 months, respectively, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the NIH-CPSI total score (P = 0.48 and 0.62; Mann,Whitney U -test), or in the HADS (anxiety, P = 0.85 and 0.67; depression P = 0.96 and 0.74), and there was no significant improvement or deterioration over time. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend to improvement in the depression score for the active group (P = 0.13). However, the clinical significance is doubtful, as both baseline and follow-up depression scores were within the normal range. No patient had clinically negative changes in depression. A 3-month follow-up analysis was not possible for the McGill Pain Questionnaire or GHQ-30 as not all patients completed the questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS Whilst the study showed no clinical benefit of using corticosteroids in the management of CPPS, the few patients recruited limited the validity of firm conclusions from the data. There was a trend towards an improvement of depression levels amongst subjects. The study highlights the difficulties of recruitment and illustrates the complex psychological profiles of patients with CPPS. [source] Children's physical activity and psychological health: the relevance of intensityACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 6 2009Gaynor Parfitt Abstract Aim: To examine the relevance of physical activity intensity when assessing the relationship between activity and psychological health in 9,10-year-old children. Methods: Activity was assessed by accelerometry in 57 boys (n = 23) and girls (n = 34). Total activity and time spent in very light (,1.9 METs) through to vigorous activity (,6 METs) were recorded. Psychological health inventories to assess anxiety, depression and aspects of self-worth were completed. Results: Time accumulated in very light activity had positive correlations with anxiety and depression (r > 0.30, p < 0.05) and negative correlations with aspects of physical self-worth (r > ,0.29, p < 0.05). Time accumulated in vigorous activity had negative correlations with anxiety and behavioural conduct (r > ,0.30, p < 0.05) and positive correlation with aspects of physical self-worth (r > 0.28, p < 0.05). Children spending over 4 h in very light intensity activity had more negative psychological profiles than children spending under 4 h at this intensity. Conclusion: Aspects of psychological health were negatively correlated with very light intensity activity and positively correlated with vigorous intensity activity. Further research should investigate whether reducing time spent in very light intensity activity and increasing time spent in vigorous intensity activity improves psychological health in children. [source] | |||||||||||||