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Psychological Correlates (psychological + correlate)
Selected AbstractsInfant Symbolic Play as an Early Indicator of Fetal Alcohol-Related DeficitINFANCY, Issue 6 2010Christopher D. Molteno Infant symbolic play was examined in relation to prenatal alcohol exposure and socioenvironmental background and to predict which infants met criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) at 5 years. A total of 107 Cape-Colored, South African infants born to heavy drinking mothers and abstainers/light drinkers were recruited prenatally. Complexity of play, sociodemographic and psychological correlates of maternal alcohol use, and quality of parenting were assessed at 13 months, and intelligence quotient and FAS diagnosis at 5 years. The effect of drinking on spontaneous play was not significant after control for social environment. In contrast, prenatal alcohol and quality of parenting related independently to elicited play. Elicited play predicted 5-year Digit Span and was poorer in infants subsequently diagnosed with FAS/partial FAS and in nonsyndromal heavily exposed infants, compared with abstainers/light drinkers. Thus, symbolic play may provide an early indicator of risk for alcohol-related deficits. The independent effects of prenatal alcohol and quality of parenting suggest that infants whose symbolic play is adversely affected by alcohol exposure may benefit from stimulation from a responsive caregiver. [source] Antecedents of mirror self-recognition of toddlers: Emotional availability, birth order, and genderINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 3 2002Judith Harel Ph.D. The present study employed a longitudinal design for examining the role of emotional availability of child,mother dyads, birth order of children, and their gender as determinants of mirror self-recognition of toddlers. It was hypothesized that toddlers who maintained more optimal emotional availability with mother at the age of 12 months would tend to identify themselves more readily at the age of 20 months. We assumed further that first-born children and females would identify themselves more readily than males and younger siblings. A sample of 54 nonrisk children and their mothers was investigated. Path analysis model showed that emotional availability partly predicted self-recognition: responsive toddlers identified themselves more often than less responsive peers. No significant effects were found for the other scales of emotional availability. A nonlinear birth order effect was observed, with second-born children being less likely to show mirror self-recognition than first-borns or third-borns. Child gender was not significantly associated with self-recognition at the age of 20 months. The data showed further that birth order was significantly linked with components of emotional availability. No significant correlations were found between emotional availability scores and child gender. Results were discussed in light of the different components of emotional availability, and the psychological correlates of ordinal position in the family. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health. [source] Developmental pathways of eating problems in adolescentsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 8 2008Annie Aimé PhD Abstract Objective: To examine the developmental eating trajectories of adolescents and identify psychological correlates and risk factors associated with those trajectories. Method: Seven hundred thirty-nine adolescents completed self-reported measures of eating problems, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, alcohol and drug use, peer victimization, and depression. Results: Five eating trajectories were obtained. The proportions of males and females were the same in the increasing eating problems trajectory. For both genders, internalizing and externalizing problems were identified as associated risk factors of an eating pathology and reporting at least some eating problems was associated with an increased likelihood of psychological problems. Other risk factors found only in boys were frequency of drug use, victimization, and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Externalizing problems in girls and internalizing behaviors in boys with disordered eating should not be overlooked. Atypical eating behaviors in boys are of particular concern since it increases their risk of cooccurring psychopathology. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008 [source] Psychosocial Correlates of Cardiovascular Reactivity to Anticipation of an Exercise Stress Test Prior to Attending Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Preliminary Test,JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOBEHAVIORAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2008Shawn N. Fraser We examined social and psychological correlates of cardiovascular reactivity (CVR), or exaggerated heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) responses to mental stress, in 45 men (mean age = 60.1, SD = 9.9) and 17 women (mean age = 9.9, SD = 11.8) prior to cardiac rehabilitation. HR and BP increased from rest to anticipation, and women had higher resting and preexercise BP. Anxiety was positively related to HR reactivity. HR reactivity was negatively related to self-efficacy in women and positively related to self-efficacy in men. Men and women with more self-efficacy had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity, and anxiety was positively related to SBP reactivity in women. Results suggest that the relationship among psychosocial factors and CVR might differ among men and women. [source] Prevalence and psychological correlates of complicated grief among bereaved adults 2.5,3.5 years after September 11th attacksJOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 3 2007Yuval Neria A Web-based survey of adults who experienced loss during the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks was conducted to examine the prevalence and correlates of complicated grief (CG) 2.5,3.5 years after the attacks. Forty-three percent of a study group of 704 bereaved adults across the United States screened positive for CG. In multivariate analyses, CG was associated with female gender, loss of a child, death of deceased at the World Trade Center, and live exposure to coverage of the attacks on television. Posttraumatic stress disorder, major depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and increase in post-9/11 smoking were common among participants with CG. A majority of the participants with CG reported receiving grief counseling and psychiatric medication after 9/11. Clinical and policy implications are discussed. [source] Sexual revictimization among sexual minorities: A preliminary studyJOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 5 2005Jennifer M. Heidt The present study examined patterns of sexual assault and its psychological correlates among gay men, lesbians, and bisexual men and women (GLB). A community sample of 342 GLB individuals completed questionnaires assessing victimization history and psychological functioning. Nearly 63% of participants reported some form of sexual assault, and nearly 40% reported sexual revictimization, defined as contact or penetrative sexual assault reported in both childhood and adulthood. Gay men and bisexual men and women were more likely to report sexual revictimization than lesbians. Sexual victimization was associated with greater psychological distress, with sexually revictimized individuals reporting the highest levels of psychological symptomatology. The implications of these findings are discussed, and suggestions for future directions are offered. [source] Academic resilience and its psychological and educational correlates: A construct validity approachPSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 3 2006Andrew J. Martin This study examines educational and psychological correlates of academic resilience using within-network and between-network validity approaches. Based on a sample of 402 Australian high-school students, a newly developed unidimensional academic resilience construct found within-network validity by way of sound item and factor properties. In terms of between-network validity, correlation, path analysis, and cluster analysis showed that five factors predict academic resilience: self-efficacy, control, planning, low anxiety, and persistence. Hence, a 5-C model of academic resilience is proposed: confidence (self-efficacy), coordination (planning), control, composure (low anxiety), and commitment (persistence). Path analysis also showed that academic resilience subsequently predicts three educational and psychological "outcomes": enjoyment of school, class participation, and general self-esteem. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 267,281, 2006. [source] | |||||||||||||