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Protein Restriction (protein + restriction)
Selected AbstractsEffect of Maternal Protein Restriction During Pregnancy and Lactation on the Number of Cardiomyocytes in the Postproliferative Weanling Rat HeartTHE ANATOMICAL RECORD : ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Kyungjoon Lim Abstract Maternal protein restriction leads to a reduction in the number of cardiomyocytes in the rat heart at birth. However, in rats, cardiomyocytes continue to proliferate until about 2 weeks after birth. Hence, this study aimed to examine the effect of maternal protein restriction, on the number of cardiomyocytes in the young rat heart at a time point when the cardiomyocytes have ceased proliferating and are terminally differentiated. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed either a normal protein diet (NPD; 20% casein) or a low protein diet (LPD; 8.7% casein) during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring (seven males and seven females per group) were perfusion fixed at 4 weeks of age. Heart volume and total cardiomyocyte number were determined using stereological techniques. At 4 weeks of age, body weights in both male and female LPD offspring were significantly reduced compared with NPD controls whereas relative heart volumes were significantly increased in LPD offspring. Total number of cardiomyocytes was not significantly different between groups. In both groups, there was a significant linear correlation between cardiomyocyte number and heart volume. In conclusion, total cardiomyocyte number in the postproliferative rat heart does not appear to be affected by maternal protein restriction per se but is directly related to heart size. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Long-term effects of calorie or protein restriction on serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentration in humansAGING CELL, Issue 5 2008Luigi Fontana Summary Reduced function mutations in the insulin/IGF-I signaling pathway increase maximal lifespan and health span in many species. Calorie restriction (CR) decreases serum IGF-1 concentration by ~40%, protects against cancer and slows aging in rodents. However, the long-term effects of CR with adequate nutrition on circulating IGF-1 levels in humans are unknown. Here we report data from two long-term CR studies (1 and 6 years) showing that severe CR without malnutrition did not change IGF-1 and IGF-1 : IGFBP-3 ratio levels in humans. In contrast, total and free IGF-1 concentrations were significantly lower in moderately protein-restricted individuals. Reducing protein intake from an average of 1.67 g kg,1 of body weight per day to 0.95 g kg,1 of body weight per day for 3 weeks in six volunteers practicing CR resulted in a reduction in serum IGF-1 from 194 ng mL,1 to 152 ng mL,1. These findings demonstrate that, unlike in rodents, long-term severe CR does not reduce serum IGF-1 concentration and IGF-1 : IGFBP-3 ratio in humans. In addition, our data provide evidence that protein intake is a key determinant of circulating IGF-1 levels in humans, and suggest that reduced protein intake may become an important component of anticancer and anti-aging dietary interventions. [source] Hepatorenal syndrome, hepatopulmonary syndrome, and now, hepatospinal syndrome?LIVER TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 9 2003Vincent G. Bain MD Background & Aims: Hepatic myelopathy is a rare complication of chronic liver disease, causing progressive spastic paraparesis. Today, no therapy of this disorder has been established. Commonly used therapeutic strategies for hepatic encephalopathy aiming at the reduction of plasma ammonia levels such as protein restriction, oral neomycin, lactulose, or ornithine aspartate fail to improve the symptoms of hepatic myelopathy. The aim of this study was to find out whether orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) may improve hepatic myelopathy. Methods: Follow-up examinations of 3 patients with severe hepatic myelopathy before and after OLT. Results: In all 3 patients, the neurologic status improved significantly after liver transplantation. The grade of improvement was related to the time interval between onset of the first symptoms of hepatic myelopathy and liver transplantation. Conclusions: Early recognition of hepatic myelopathy is important because timely liver transplantation as an established therapy for end-stage liver disease offers the chance of complete recovery from hepatic paraparesis. (Gastroenterology 2003;124:346-351.) [source] Management of membranous nephropathyNEPHROLOGY, Issue 4 2000Daniel Cattran SUMMARY: The Management of membranous nephropathy requires a recognition of its natural history and an ability to predict those pationts with the worst prognosis. Treatment of those at risk of progression with immunosuppressive drugs should be accompanied by additional conservative risk reduction strategies such as dietary protein restriction, blood pressure reduction, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and lipid-lowering agents. Anticoagulants should also be considered as well as medications to reduce drug toxicity. [source] Effect of Maternal Protein Restriction During Pregnancy and Lactation on the Number of Cardiomyocytes in the Postproliferative Weanling Rat HeartTHE ANATOMICAL RECORD : ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Kyungjoon Lim Abstract Maternal protein restriction leads to a reduction in the number of cardiomyocytes in the rat heart at birth. However, in rats, cardiomyocytes continue to proliferate until about 2 weeks after birth. Hence, this study aimed to examine the effect of maternal protein restriction, on the number of cardiomyocytes in the young rat heart at a time point when the cardiomyocytes have ceased proliferating and are terminally differentiated. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed either a normal protein diet (NPD; 20% casein) or a low protein diet (LPD; 8.7% casein) during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring (seven males and seven females per group) were perfusion fixed at 4 weeks of age. Heart volume and total cardiomyocyte number were determined using stereological techniques. At 4 weeks of age, body weights in both male and female LPD offspring were significantly reduced compared with NPD controls whereas relative heart volumes were significantly increased in LPD offspring. Total number of cardiomyocytes was not significantly different between groups. In both groups, there was a significant linear correlation between cardiomyocyte number and heart volume. In conclusion, total cardiomyocyte number in the postproliferative rat heart does not appear to be affected by maternal protein restriction per se but is directly related to heart size. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Efficacy of Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Patients With Methylmalonic AcidemiaAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 12 2007D. Morioka Application of liver transplantation to methylmalonic acidemia (MMAemia) is controversial because MMAemia is caused by a systemic defect of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. The clinical courses of seven pediatric patients with MMAemia undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) were reviewed. Serum and urinary methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels were found to be significantly decreased after LDLT, whereas serum and urinary MMA levels did not return to normal in any patient. One patient died of sepsis 44 days after LDLT. The other six patients are currently doing well. All patients had preoperative history of acute metabolic decompensation and/or metabolic stroke. However, no episode of acute metabolic decompensation or metabolic stroke was observed postoperatively in any surviving patients. In the preoperative period, all patients showed lethargy and cognitive deficit, both of which were eradicated after LDLT in all surviving patients. Preoperatively, all patients were subjected to dietary protein intake restriction and tube feeding, and were administered several metabolism-correcting medications. The metabolism-correcting medications being administered remained mostly unchanged after LDLT, whereas protein restriction was liberalized and tube feeding became unnecessary in all surviving patients. In addition, physical and neurodevelopmental growth delay remained in all surviving patients during the observation period, which ranged from 4 to 21 months with a median of 10.5 months. [source] CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC EFFECTS OF OBESITYCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Margaret J Morris SUMMARY 1Obesity is an important risk factor for hypertension and its incidence is increasing around the world. 2The mechanisms underlying obesity-related hypertension include sympathetic activation, altered vascular responses, hormonal changes, enhanced inflammatory markers and structural changes. 3This review summarizes recent evidence of the underlying impact of obesity on blood pressure. A number of candidate mechanisms include increased sympathetic activity, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, altered vasoconstrictor or dilator responses and the attendant systemic inflammatory state. 4While adult lifestyle factors undoubtedly contribute to the incidence of obesity and its attendant hypertension, evidence suggests that the programming of obesity may occur following over-nutrition during development. A growing body of evidence links maternal obesity, offspring obesity and hypertension. 5Finally, epigenetic modification of genes relevant to hypertension may contribute to the development of hypertension following a suboptimal intrauterine environment. To date the cardiovascular effects of early nutritional changes have been largely investigated following maternal under-nutrition or protein restriction; further work is necessary to determine the impact of maternal obesity. [source] | |||||||||||||