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Protective Potential (protective + potential)
Selected AbstractsNatural vegetable fats in the prevention of irritant contact dermatitisCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 1 2002S. Schliemann-Willers Chronic irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is one of the most pressing problems in occupational medicine and is common in the food processing industry. To date, protective creams that fulfil the special requirements in the foodstuffs industry have not been available. Therefore, we studied the efficacy of pre-exposure application of natural vegetable fats in the prevention of experimentally induced ICD. A panel of 20 healthy volunteers was tested with a repetitive irritation test using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a standard irritant in a randomized study. Application sites were assessed clinically and by the use of bioengineering techniques (evaporimetry, chromametry, and corneometry). Rape seed and palm fats showed significant protective potential. Gas-chromatographic analysis revealed differences in the fatty acid composition of the vegetable. Higher content of linoleic acid and lower content of oleic acid was associated with beneficial effects. Our results are a new approach in the prevention of ICD and towards the development of new protective preparations for workplaces in the foodstuffs industry. [source] Apolipoprotein D is involved in the mechanisms regulating protection from oxidative stressAGING CELL, Issue 4 2008Maria D. Ganfornina Summary Many nervous system pathologies are associated with increased levels of apolipoprotein D (ApoD), a lipocalin also expressed during normal development and aging. An ApoD homologous gene in Drosophila, Glial Lazarillo, regulates resistance to stress, and neurodegeneration in the aging brain. Here we study for the first time the protective potential of ApoD in a vertebrate model organism. Loss of mouse ApoD function increases the sensitivity to oxidative stress and the levels of brain lipid peroxidation, and impairs locomotor and learning abilities. Human ApoD overexpression in the mouse brain produces opposite effects, increasing survival and preventing the raise of brain lipid peroxides after oxidant treatment. These observations, together with its transcriptional up-regulation in the brain upon oxidative insult, identify ApoD as an acute response protein with a protective and therefore beneficial function mediated by the control of peroxidated lipids. [source] Grape seed proanthocyanidines and skin cancer prevention: Inhibition of oxidative stress and protection of immune systemMOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (FORMERLY NAHRUNG/FOOD), Issue S1 2008Santosh K. Katiyar Abstract Overexposure of the skin to UV radiation has a variety of adverse effects on human health, including the development of skin cancers. There is a need to develop nutrition-based efficient chemopreventive strategies. The proanthocyanidins present in grape seeds (Vitis vinifera) have been shown to have some biological effects, including prevention of photocarcinogenesis. The present communication discusses the in vitro and in vivo studies of the possible protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) and the molecular mechanism for these effects. In SKH-1 hairless mice, dietary supplementation with GSPs is associated with a decrease of UVB-induced skin tumor development in terms of tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity, and a decrease in the malignant transformation of papillomas to carcinomas. It is suggested that the chemopreventive effects of dietary GSPs are mediated through the attenuation of UV-induced: (i) oxidative stress; (ii) activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-,B) signaling pathways; and (iii) immunosuppression through alterations in immunoregulatory cytokines. Collectively, these studies indicate protective potential of GSPs against experimental photocarcinogenesis in SKH-1 hairless mice, and the possible mechanisms of action of GSPs, and suggest that dietary GSPs could be useful in the attenuation of the adverse UV-induced health effects in human skin. [source] Impact of modified acidic soft drinks on enamel erosionORAL DISEASES, Issue 1 2005T Attin Objective:, To evaluate the enamel erosive potential of modified acidic soft drinks under controlled conditions in an artificial mouth. Materials and methods:, From each of 144 bovine incisors one enamel sample was prepared. Labial surfaces of the samples were ground flat, polished and covered with adhesive tape, leaving an exposed area. The samples were distributed among four (A,D) groups for treatment with A: Coca-Cola, B: Sprite; C: Sprite light, D: orange juice. Either 1.0 mmol l,1 calcium (Ca) or a combination (comb.) of 0.5 mmol l,1 calcium plus 0.5 mmol l,1 phosphate plus 0.031 mmol l,1 fluoride was added to the beverages. Samples of each group were subdivided into three subgroups (-original; -Ca and -comb.) for treatment with original and modified drinks. De- and remineralization cycles were based on a standard protocol described earlier. Surface loss of the specimens was determined using profilometry after test procedure. Results:, In all subgroups, loss of enamel was observed. The enamel loss recorded for the samples rinsed with original Sprite and original orange juice was significantly higher compared with all other solutions (P = 0.001). Lowest enamel loss was recorded for the original Coca-Cola group (P = 0.001). With the exception of Coca-Cola, demineralization with the modified beverages led to significantly lower losses compared with the respective original solutions. Conclusion:, Modification of the test soft drinks with low concentrations of calcium or a combination of calcium, phosphate and fluoride may exert a significant protective potential with respect to dental erosion. [source] Establishment of a quantitative structure,activity relationship model for evaluating and predicting the protective potentials of phenolic antioxidants on lipid peroxidationJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2003Zhiyong Cheng Abstract Antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds have been extensively explored, but the determinant factors underlying their mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. In the present work, a series of phenolic compounds (hydroxylated connamic, benzoic acid, and polyphenol) were studied for their protection against lipid peroxidation (LPO) in two model experiments, pre-emulsified linoleic acid system and phosphate buffered linolenic acid system. The mechanisms of action as well as activity determinants were investigated by computational chemistry and multiple-linear regression analysis. Upon elucidating the LPO inhibition properties and the relationship between their structural natures and antioxidant activities (SAR), a fairly satisfactory multidescriptor quantitative SAR model was derived, which extended our understanding of LPO inhibition mechanisms and should be valuable in assessing or predicting the anti-LPO activity of phenolic antioxidants. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 92:475,484, 2003 [source] | |||||||||||||