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Attachment
Kinds of Attachment Terms modified by Attachment Selected AbstractsMORAL FORMATION, CULTURAL ATTACHMENT OR SOCIAL CONTROL: WHAT'S THE POINT OF VALUES EDUCATION?EDUCATIONAL THEORY, Issue 1 2000David Carr First page of article [source] PERSONAL ATTACHMENT TO BELIEFSMETAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2007DALE LUGENBEHL Abstract: There is a tendency in philosophical discussions to see beliefs as belonging to specific people,to see things in terms of "your" belief, or "my" belief, or "Smith's" belief. I call this "personal attachment to beliefs." This mindset is unconscious, deeply ingrained, and a powerful background stance in discussion and thinking. Attachment has a negative impact on the quality of philosophical discussion and learning: difficulties in acknowledging error and changing beliefs, blindness to new evidence, difficulties in understanding new ideas, entrenchment in views, rancorous behavior, and the encouragement of competitive personal contests rather than collaborative searches for the truth. This article investigates the nature of attachment and traces out some of the undesirable consequences for classroom philosophical discussion, thinking, writing, and learning. It presents an alternative model to attachment and offers constructive suggestions for implementing the results of the investigation in the philosophy classroom and elsewhere. [source] SENSUAL ATTACHMENT AND INCEST AVOIDANCE IN HUMAN EVOLUTION AND CHILD DEVELOPMENTTHE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 4 2005John M. Ingham The authors take issue with the critique of psychoanalysis and the depiction of human sexuality and incest avoidance in evolutionary psychology. Drawing on human neurobiology and evolutionary anthropology, they show that human beings have an evolved disposition toward pair-bonding and evolved capacities for self-regulation of sexual and aggressive impulses. The realization that these characteristics are not only important but also interrelated leads to a reassessment of the Oedipus complex, a new model of incest avoidance in humans, and a fresh perspective on the relation between reproductive behaviour and environmental conditions. [source] MINDS IN THE MAKING: ATTACHMENT, THE SELF-ORGANIZING BRAIN, AND DEVELOPMENTALLY-ORIENTED PSYCHOANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPYBRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY, Issue 3 2001Allan N. Schore First page of article [source] INTERRELIGIOUS DIALOGUE AND THE VALUE OF OPENNESS; TAKING THE VULNERABILITY OF RELIGIOUS ATTACHMENTS INTO ACCOUNTTHE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 5 2010MARIANNE MOYAERTArticle first published online: 17 MAR 2010 First page of article [source] Eph,ephrin A system regulates murine blastocyst attachment and spreadingDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 12 2006Haruko Fujii Abstract Although numerous adhesion molecules are expressed on mammalian endometrial epithelial cells, there have not been any studies of a mechanism to prevent premature attachment of the embryo. In this study, we examined the possible involvement of Eph,ephrin interaction, which can induce repulsive forces. In mice, Eph A1, A2, and A4 were expressed on endometrial epithelial cells and ephrin A1,4 on blastocysts. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed that mRNA expression of ephrin A1,4 on embryos transiently decreased around the implantation period. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the expression of Eph A1 on endometrial epithelial cells and ephrin A1 and A3 expression on embryos decreased at implantation sites. Recombinant Eph A1 reacted with cell the surface of ephrin A-bearing trophectoderm cells. Attachment assays using Eph A1-coated dishes showed that blastocyst attachment was reversibly inhibited by Eph A1. These findings suggest an important role of the Eph,ephrin A system in regulating the initial embryo,maternal contact during the cross-talk period that precedes embryo implantation. Developmental Dynamics 235:3250,3258, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction Due to Anomalous Attachment of Chordae Tendineae in the Subaortic RegionECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2006Sanjay Kumar M.R.C.P. No abstract is available for this article. [source] Attachment of Amine- and Maleimide-Containing Ferrocene Derivatives onto Self-Assembled Alkanethiol and Alkanedithiol Monolayers: Voltammetric Evaluation of Cross-Linking Efficiencies and Surface Coverage of Electroactive GroupsELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 21 2004Yunfeng Wang Abstract Ferrocene derivatives containing primary amines and maleimide groups were attached covalently onto N -hydrosuccinimidyl (NHS)-terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and SAMs of alkanedithiol. The surface coverage and efficiencies of the two cross-linking reactions were evaluated with cyclic voltammetry. All the ferrocene derivatives attached onto the alkanethiol or alkanedithiol SAMs exhibit reversible redox waves. The surface coverage of the aminated ferrocene groups was compared to that of N -hydrosuccinimidyl (NHS)-terminated alkanethiol SAM. The covalent attachment of ,-ferrocenylethylamine onto a 11,11,-dithio-bis(succinimidylundecanoate) SAM yielded an efficiency as high as 63.1%. The cross-linking efficiency of this reaction was found to increase with the nucleophilicity of the amino groups. SAMs of longer alkyl chains favor the attachment of a greater number of ferrocene derivatives. As for the Michael-type electrophilic addition between the sulfhydryl groups of the alkanedithiol SAMs and the ferrocenyl maleimide, the cross-linking efficiencies were found to range from 6.5% to 25.7%, depending on the alkanedithiol chain length. The difference in the efficiencies between the two types of cross-linking reactions might be partially attributable to the steric hindrance imposed by the SAMs and the relative sizes of the functional groups. [source] How Elephants are Opening Doors: Developmental Neuroethology, Attachment and Social ContextETHOLOGY, Issue 5 2007G. A. Bradshaw Ethology's renewed interest in developmental context coincides with recent insights from neurobiology and psychology on early attachment. Attachment and social learning are understood as fundamental mechanisms in development that shape core processes responsible for informing behaviour throughout a lifetime. Each field uniquely contributes to the creation of an integrated model and encourages dialogue between Tinbergen's four analytical levels: ethology in its underscoring of social systems of behaviour and context, psychology in its emphasis on socio-affective attachment transactions, and neuroscience in its explication of the coupled development of brain and behaviour. We review the relationship between developmental context and behaviour outcome as a topic shared by the three disciplines, with a specific focus on underlying neuroethological mechanisms. This interdisciplinary convergence is illustrated through the example of abnormal behaviour in wild African elephants (Loxodonta africana) that has been systematically observed in human-caused altered social contexts. Such disruptions impair normative socially mediated neuroendocrinological development leading to psychobiological dysregulation that expresses as non-normative behaviour. Aberrant behaviour in wild elephants provides a critical field example of what has been established in ex situ and clinical studies but has been largely absent in wild populations: a concrete link between effects of human disturbance on social context, and short- and long-term neuroethology. By so doing, it brings attention to the significant change in theories of behaviour that has been occurring across disciplines , namely, the merging of psychobiological and ethological perspectives into common, cross-species, human inclusive models. [source] Eating disorders and attachment: the effects of hidden family processes on eating disorders,EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 2 2007Francoise Ringer Abstract Aim This study examined pattern of attachment in cohort of women with an eating disorder to determine what types of self-protective strategies they used, and further whether there was a specific relationship between strategy and diagnosis. Method The participants were 62 young women with an eating disorder (19 with anorexia nervosa, 26 with bulimia nervosa and 17 with bulimic anorexia). Attachment was assessed using the Adult attachment interview (AAI), classified using Crittenden's Dynamic-Maturational Method. Results The results indicated that all women with an eating disorder were anxiously attached. About half used an extreme coercive Type C strategy while most of the others combined coercion with an extreme dismissing Type A strategy. The content of the AAIs suggested lack of resolution of trauma or loss among the mothers and also of hidden family conflict between the parents. This in turn elicited extreme strategies for generating parent,child contingency from the daughters. Conclusions Central in almost all cases was the women's confusion regarding how parental behaviour was tied causally to their own behaviour. Questions are raised regarding the focus of treatment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] A longitudinal study of cannabis use and mental health from adolescence to early adulthoodADDICTION, Issue 4 2000Rob McGee Aims. To examine the longitudinal association between cannabis use and mental health. Design. Information concerning cannabis use and mental health from 15 to 21 years was available for a large sample of individuals as part of a longitudinal study from childhood to adulthood. Participants. Participants were enrolled in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a research programme on the health, development and behaviour of a large group of New Zealanders born between 1 April 1972 and 31 March 1973. Measurements. Cannabis use and identification of mental disorder was based upon self-report as part of a general assessment of mental health using a standard diagnostic interview. Daily smoking and alcohol use at age 15 were assessed by self-report. Indices of family socio-economic status, family climate and parent - child interaction were formed using information gathered from parent report and behavioural observations over early childhood. Childhood behaviour problems were assessed by parent and teacher report. Attachment to parents was assessed in adolescence. Findings. Cross-sectional associations between cannabis use and mental disorder were significant at all three ages. Both outcome variables shared similar pathways of low socio-economic status and history of behaviour problems in childhood, and low parental attachment in adolescence. Mental disorder at age 15 led to a small but significantly elevated risk of cannabis use at age 18; by contrast, cannabis use at age 18 elevated the risk of mental disorder at age 21. The latter association reflected the extent to which cannabis dependence and other externalizing disorders at age 21 were predicted by earlier level of involvement with cannabis. Conclusions. The findings suggest that the primary causal direction leads from mental disorder to cannabis use among adolescents and the reverse in early adulthood. Both alcohol use and cigarette smoking had independent associations with later mental health disorder. [source] Chain-Like Tetra-, Penta- and Heptanuclear Cyanide-Bridged Complexes by Attachment of Organometallic Cyanides to M2, M3 and M5 UnitsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 20 2003Tianlu Sheng Abstract Attachment of the "ligands" [Cp(dppe)Fe-CN], [Cp(PPh3)2Ru-CN], [Cp(CO)2Fe-CN] and [(CO)5M-CN],, (where M = Cr, Mo, W) to the polymetallic centres [Ru2(OAc)4]+, [Co3(dpa)4]2+ and [Ni5(tdpa)4]2+ yielded two tetra-, three penta- and five heptanuclear complexes with chain-like linear arrangements of the metal ions and the bridging cyanide ligands, as proved by the structure determination of [Ni5(tdpa)4{Cp(dppe)2Fe-CN}2](PF6)2. IR and CV data show that the Ru2, Co3 and Ni5 centres of these complexes withdraw electron density from the external organometallic units. This prevents electronic interactions between the two terminal metal ions, yet allows multistep one- and two-electron redox processes. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003) [source] Effect of Silicate-Substitution on Attachment and Early Development of Human Osteoblast-Like Cells Seeded on Microporous Hydroxyapatite Discs,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 1-2 2010Katharina Guth Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a well-established graft material used in bone repair. Silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (SA; 0.8,wt% Si) has shown greater bone ingrowth and bone coverage than phase pure HA. To assess the effect of microporosity on sensitivity of cell attachment to surface physiochemistry, microporous SA and HA discs, and control Thermanox (TMX) discs were incubated with osteoblast-like cells (5,×,104 HOS-TE85 cells) under differing tissue culture conditions. To investigate early cellular attachment, organization, and differentiation, cells were also stained for integrin,,5,1, actin, and runt-related transcription factor (RUNX-2), respectively, after incubation on HA, SA, and TMX discs for 3 days. No significant differences emerged between HA, SA, and TMX discs in mean numbers of cells attached in serum free medium (SFM) over 90,min incubation. In contrast, significantly more cells were attached to SA than HA after 180,min incubation in complete medium (C-MEM) containing fetal calf serum (p,<,0.05). Cell attachment to SA and HA discs pre-conditioned in SFM supplemented with fibronectin (FN) was lower than discs pre-conditioned in C-MEM, suggesting sensitivity of an active FN conformation to the presence of co-adsorbates. Confocal microscopy demonstrated significantly more co-localization of integrin ,5,1 and actin on SA than HA. Translocalization of RUNX-2 to the nucleus was stronger in cells incubated on SA. Microporosity did not diminish the effect of surface physiochemistry on cell adhesion, and enhanced cell attachment for SA appears to be mediated by differences in the quality of adsorbed protein rather than via direct effects of substrate chemistry. [source] Carbohydrate-Based VEGF InhibitorsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 36 2007Tobias Haag Abstract Cyclic peptide,carbohydrates (compounds 1a,c, 2, 33, 34) were designed and synthesized to act as mimetics of loop 2 of the proangiogenic molecule vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D). The mimetics were designed to inhibit dimerization of the receptors (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) by VEGF-D, and thus have the potential to inhibit angiogenesis. To this end, in the previously described cyclic octapeptide CNEESLIC and the cyclic nonapeptide CGNEESLIC inhibitors derived from VEGF-D loop 2, the NEES tetrapeptide residue was replaced by a carbohydrate scaffold having the amino acid side chain mimics in positions proposed by modeling studies. Attachment of the additional amino acids using the Fmoc technology, then formation of the cyclic disulfides, and finally total deprotection afforded the target molecules of which 2 and 34 showed an ability to inhibit the biological activity of VEGF-D through VEGFR-2 in cell-based assays, albeit at high mimetic concentration.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007) [source] Attachment to "Place" and Coping with Losses in Changed Communities: A Paradox for Aging AdultsFAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007Christine C. Cook This article explores the meaning of place and connection to location among aging adults in America's Heartland. Focus groups were conducted in a rural and urban county with participants age 65 to 84 years, and age 85 years and older. A keen sense of place among participants was revealed, poignantly portrayed as "loss" among rural participants who described changes to the landscape, economic restructuring, and the loss of farming as a way of life. Changes in urban settings were depicted as a shrinking of space over which participants' exerted control (e.g., steering clear of freeway driving, limiting driving at night, traversing well-known surface streets). These losses in community are balanced against a strong desire to age in place in familiar settings in which there are known social and resource connections. The investigation illustrates the power of place for aging adults, and the need to recognize its importance in public policy, practice, advocacy, and research. [source] The Ecology of Attachment in the FamilyFAMILY PROCESS, Issue 2 2003Jonathan Hill FRCPsych In this article we outline a conceptualization of attachment processes within the family. We argue that the key elements of attachment processes are affect regulation, interpersonal understanding, information processing, and the provision of comfort within intimate relationships. Although these have been described and assessed primarily in terms of individual functioning and development, they are equally applicable in family systems, provided three farther steps are taken. First, the description of attachment processes at the individual level is applied to the family using the concept of shared frames or representations of emotions, cognitions, and behaviors. Second, there is an explicit formulation of the way in which individual and family processes are linked. Third, there is a conceptualization of the nature and quality of the dynamic between attachment and other processes in family life. In this "ecology" of family processes, those that entail heightened affect and a need to create certainty through action, particularly in response to threats to safety, attachment needs, and discipline challenges, are contrasted with exploratory processes characterized by low affect, tolerance of uncertainty, and opportunities to review existing assumptions and knowledge. [source] The Network Perspective: An Integration of Attachment and Family Systems Theories,FAMILY PROCESS, Issue 3 2002FRANZCP, Kasia Kozlowska MBBS In this article we discuss the network paradigm as a useful base from which to integrate attachment and family systems theories. The network perspective refers to the application of general systems theory to living systems, and provides a framework that conceptualizes the dyadic and family systems as simultaneously distinct and interconnected. Network thinking requires that the clinician holds multiple perspectives in mind, considers each system level as both a part and a whole, and shifts the focus of attention between levels as required. Key epistemological issues that have hindered the integration of the theories are discussed. These include inconsistencies within attachment theory itself and confusion surrounding the theoretical conceptualizations of the relationship between attachment and family systems theories. Detailed information about attachment categories is provided using the Dynamic Maturational model. Case vignettes illustrating work with young children and their families explore the clinical implications of integrating attachment data into family therapy practice. [source] Attachment, Social Rank, and Affect Regulation: Speculations on an Ethological Approach to Family Interaction,FAMILY PROCESS, Issue 3 2002F.R.C.P. (C), L.R.C.P., Leon Sloman M.R.C.P. The attachment and social rank systems are biological-evolutionary systems that can serve as models for conceptualizing family interaction. By exploring both their unique and interrelated impact on affect regulation, we can differentiate between processes that foster healthy growth and those leading to individual psychopathology. This perspective facilitates the integration of biological and psychological models, and has therapeutic implications. It also integrates well with other family therapy models. [source] Attachment, Perceived Conflict, and Couple Satisfaction: Test of a Mediational Dyadic ModelFAMILY RELATIONS, Issue 5 2009Audrey Brassard Attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance) are often associated with relationship dissatisfaction, but the mediators have been unclear. We examined the mediating role of perceived conflict in 274 French-Canadian couples who completed measures of attachment insecurities, perception of conflict, and relationship satisfaction. Partners' own attachment anxiety and avoidance predicted their experience of conflict. In addition, women's anxiety predicted men's experience of conflict, and men's avoidance predicted women's experience of conflict. The associations between attachment insecurities and relationship dissatisfaction were partially mediated by conflict. [source] Adenylate cyclase influences filamentous haemagglutinin-mediated attachment of Bordetella pertussis to epithelial alveolar cellsFEMS IMMUNOLOGY & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Maria L.A. Perez Vidakovics Abstract Attachment to epithelial cells in the respiratory tract is a key event in Bordetella pertussis colonization. Filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) is an important virulence factor mediating adhesion to host cells. In this study, the relevance of the interaction between FHA and adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) during bacterial attachment was investigated. Mutants lacking either FHA or ACT showed significantly decreased adherence to epithelial respiratory cells. The use of several ACT-specific monoclonal antibodies and antiserum showed that the decrease in attachment of strains lacking ACT expression could not be explained by the adhesin-like activity of ACT, or a change of any of the biological activities of ACT. Immunoblot analysis showed that the lack of ACT expression did not interfere with FHA localization. An heparin-inhibitable carbohydrate-binding site is crucial in the process of FHA-mediated bacterial binding to epithelial cells. In the presence of heparin attachment of wild-type B. pertussis, but not of the isogenic ACT defective mutant, to epithelial cells was significantly decreased. These results suggest that ACT enhances the adhesive functions of FHA, and modifies the performance of the FHA heparin-inhibitable carbohydrate binding site. We propose that the presence of ACT in the outer membrane of B. pertussis to play a role in the functionality of FHA. [source] Solution-Processible Phosphorescent Blue Dendrimers Based on Biphenyl-Dendrons and Fac -tris(phenyltriazolyl)iridium(III) Cores,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 19 2008Shih-Chun Lo Abstract Solution-processible saturated blue phosphorescence is an important goal for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Fac -tris(5-aryltriazolyl)iridium(III) complexes can emit blue phosphorescence at room temperature. Mono- and doubly dendronized fac -tris(1-methyl-5-phenyl-3- n -propyl-1H -[1,2,4]triazolyl)iridium(III) 1 and fac -tris{1-methyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3- n -propyl-1H -[1,2,4]triazolyl}iridium(III) 4 with first generation biphenyl-based dendrons were prepared. The dendrimers emitted blue light at room temperature and could be solution processed to form thin films. The doubly dendronized 3 had a film photoluminescence quantum yield of 67% and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.17, 0.33). OLEDs comprised of a neat film of dendrimer 3 and an electron transport layer achieved a brightness of 142,cd m,2 at 3.8,V with an external quantum efficiency of 7.9%, and CIE coordinates of (0.18, 0.35). Attachment of the fluorine atom to the emissive core had the effect of moving the luminescence to shorter wavelengths but also quenched the luminescence of the mono- and doubly dendronized dendrimers. [source] Localized Attachment of Carbon Nanotubes in Microelectronic StructuresADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 43 2009Xavier Joyeux Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are covalently modified by the monodiadozium salt of ethylene dianiline; further diazotation of the free amino group permits the selective attachment of these CNTs to the Si or Ti bottom of SiO2 trenches. The symmetrical electrografting of the bottom of the trenches, followed by the attachment of pristine CNTs, is also described. [source] Gender and Labor Attachment: Do Within-Firms' Relative Wages Matter?INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 4 2001Monica Galizzi This article addresses the issue of gender differences in labor attachment by testing for the role of intrafirm wage comparison. It makes use of a measure of firms' relative wages. The results indicate that once the forward-looking behavior of workers is taken into account, women are actually more attached employees than men. Women's attachment is also more affected by equity considerations. The analysis makes use of a dataset on short-tenure Italian workers. [source] Attachment and sensitivity in family context: the roles of parent and infant genderINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2006Sarah J. Schoppe-Sullivan Abstract This study examined the role of child gender in fathers' and mothers' sensitivity to and attachment relationships with their infants from a family systems perspective. Eighty-seven 1-year-olds participated in the Strange Situation with each parent. Parental sensitivity was examined during a competing demands task. Results indicated that fathers and mothers were equally sensitive to sons, but fathers were less sensitive than mothers to daughters, and mothers were more sensitive to daughters than to sons. Although mothers and fathers within the same families were similarly sensitive to daughters and sons, daughters' attachment security with fathers and mothers was similar whereas sons' was not. Further analyses revealed that fathers were more sensitive to sons with an insecure relationship with their mothers. Results of this investigation suggest that child gender is relevant for parent,infant, especially father,infant, attachment relationships. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The clinical relevance of infancy: A progress reportINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008Daniel Stern In the past few decades, findings from infant observations have played a key role in the following selected areas: (a) The emphasis now is on interpersonal and intersubjective processes rather than on intrapsychic processes. This is a paradigm shift towards a two-person psychology. (b) The elaboration of the attachment domain has reoriented our views of development and treatment. (c) The success of extended home-visiting programs as a preventive measure for parents and infants at risk has brought an agonizing reappraisal of what makes prevention (and therapy) work. (d) By default, the baby's world is nonverbal. This has led to a productive reexploration of unconsciousness, especially the domain of implicit knowledge. For the future, the following are some of the areas of great promise: (a) Attachment, love and "holding" must be disentangled. (b) We must study how and when the mirror neuron system gets micro- and macroregulated. One is not always open to empathic reception. (c) The articulation between the nonverbal (implicit) with the verbal (explicit) needs far more study. (d) The nonspecific factors of psychotherapy seem to be the most important in bringing about change and prevention. We need a greater systematic study of the nonspecific. (e) The triad and quartet, and so on need further exploration. (f) There are many more, but the beauty of research is that you can't know where it will go next. [source] Attachment, culture, and the caregiving system: The cultural patterning of everyday experiences among Anglo and Puerto Rican mother,infant pairsINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 1 2003Vivian J. Carlson This investigation focuses on cultural differences in the relationship between maternal sensitivity, emotional expression, and control strategies during the first year of life and infant attachment outcomes at 12 months. Participants were middle-class Puerto Rican and Anglo mother,infant pairs (N = 60). Ratings of physical control, emotional expression, and maternal sensitivity during mother,infant interactions in five everyday home settings, videotaped when the infants were 4, 8, and 12 months old, were examined in combination with 12-month Strange Situation classifications. Results suggest that physical control shows a different pattern of relatedness to maternal sensitivity, emotional expression, and attachment outcomes among the Puerto Rican compared to the Anglo mothers in this study. These findings have implications for practitioners and researchers interested in normative parenting among diverse cultural groups. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health. [source] Parenting and attachment among toddlers with congenital anomalies: Examining the Strange Situation and attachment Q-sortINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 6 2002Melissa Clements This study assessed parent and child predictors of attachment in a sample of 72 toddlers with neurological (e.g., cerebral palsy) and non-neurological (e.g., cleft lip and palate) birth defects and their mothers. Parenting quality (e.g., sensitivity) was expected to be more important in predicting the attachment relationship than type and severity of child medical condition. Parenting and indices of severity of child condition were measured via researcher observation. Attachment was measured via the Strange Situation and parent reported Attachment Q-sort. Parenting quality was better for children with more severe appearance disfigurements. Strange Situation and Q-sort assessments of attachment were not significantly related. Children with neurological impairments were at greater risk for developing insecure attachments than were children with non-neurological conditions. Parenting quality also directly predicted Strange Situation assessed attachment security and Q-sort comfort seeking/exploration but not standard Q-sort criterion scores. Parenting quality partially mediated the relation between child medical condition and attachment security. Results suggest child medical factors influence parenting, and thereby, child attachment. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health. [source] Attachment in low-SES rural Appalachian infants: Contextual, infant, and maternal interaction risk and protective factorsINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 6 2001Margaret Fish Attachment classifications were obtained for 95 low-socioeconomic-status (SES) rural Appalachian infants in the Strange Situation procedure at 15 months. The distribution of secure (B) and insecure (A, C, D) infants was similar to other low-SES samples and significantly different from low-risk samples. Levels of contextual and infant risk, together with maternal responsiveness to crying and pattern of sensitivity from 4 to 9 months, predicted attachment security. High social support, when examined as a protective factor, related to reduced contextual risk, but not to increased likelihood of security. Exploratory discriminant function analyses showed that infants in secure relationships differed in positive directions on contextual and maternal interactional factors. Insecure-organized (A and C) infants experienced contextual and maternal interaction risks, while insecure-disorganized (D) infants were best distinguished by infant characteristics, including greater likelihood of being male and low use of mother as a secure base at 9 months. ©2001 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health. [source] DNA Hybrid Nanomachines: Fullerene Attachment Enhances Performance of a DNA Nanomachine (Adv. Mater.ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 19 200919/2009) The image shows the developing biocompatible molecules with controllable, accurate, and reproducible molecular motor functions for mobile nanodevices. Seon Jeong Kim and co-workers show on page 1907 that the attachment of fullerene moieties to a single-strand DNA significantly improves the molecular switching and stability of this pH driven enthalpic molecular machine. Hydrophobic interactions between the terminal fullerenes in the folded i-motif conformation increased the machines power stroke and force generated. [source] Fullerene Attachment Enhances Performance of a DNA NanomachineADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 19 2009Su Ryon Shin Fullerene moieties are attached to single-strand DNA and the pH-induced conformational changes are evaluated in detail. It is found that fullerene attachments significantly enhance the machine performance of the DNA strand by stabilization of internal structure through intramolecular hydrophobic interactions. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||