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ATP Analogue (atp + analogue)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	60%

Selected Abstracts

Structures of alternatively spliced isoforms of human ketohexokinase

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 3 2009
Chi H. Trinh
A molecular understanding of the unique aspects of dietary fructose metabolism may be the key to understanding and controlling the current epidemic of fructose-related obesity, diabetes and related adverse metabolic states in Western populations. Fructose catabolism is initiated by its phosphorylation to fructose 1-phosphate, which is performed by ketohexokinase (KHK). Here, the crystal structures of the two alternatively spliced isoforms of human ketohexokinase, hepatic KHK-C and the peripheral isoform KHK-A, and of the ternary complex of KHK-A with the substrate fructose and AMP-PNP are reported. The structure of the KHK-A ternary complex revealed an active site with both the substrate fructose and the ATP analogue in positions ready for phosphorylation following a reaction mechanism similar to that of the pfkB family of carbohydrate kinases. Hepatic KHK deficiency causes the benign disorder essential fructosuria. The effects of the disease-causing mutations (Gly40Arg and Ala43Thr) have been modelled in the context of the KHK structure. [source]

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of the catalytic domain of pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase from the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina mazei

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F (ELECTRONIC), Issue 10 2006
Ryohei Ishii
Pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) from Methanosarcina mazei was overexpressed in an N-terminally truncated form PylRS(c270) in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity and crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using polyethylene glycol as a precipitant. The native PylRS(c270) crystals in complex with an ATP analogue belonged to space group P64, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 104.88, c = 70.43,Å, , = , = 90, , = 120°, and diffracted to 1.9,Å resolution. The asymmetric unit contains one molecule of PylRS(c270). Selenomethionine-substituted protein crystals were prepared in order to solve the structure by the MAD phasing method. [source]

Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a nucleoside kinase from the hyperthermophile Methanocaldococcus jannaschii

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F (ELECTRONIC), Issue 6 2005
Linda Arnfors
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii nucleoside kinase (MjNK) is an ATP-dependent non-allosteric phosphotransferase that shows high catalytic activity for guanosine, inosine and cytidine. MjNK is a member of the phosphofructokinase B family, but participates in the biosynthesis of nucleoside monophosphates rather than in glycolysis. MjNK was crystallized as the apoenzyme as well as in complex with an ATP analogue and Mg2+. The latter crystal form was also soaked with fructose-6-phosphate. Synchrotron-radiation data were collected to 1.70,Å for the apoenzyme crystals and 1.93,Å for the complex crystals. All crystals exhibit orthorhombic symmetry; however, the apoenzyme crystals contain one monomer per asymmetric unit whereas the complex crystals contain a dimer. [source]

Stabilizing effects of extracellular ATP on synaptic efficacy and plasticity in hippocampal pyramidal neurons

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 4 2005
Eduardo D. Martín
Abstract The role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a neurotransmitter and extracellular diffusible messenger has recently received considerable attention because of its possible participation in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. However, the possible contribution of extracellular ATP in maintaining and regulating synaptic efficacy during intracellular ATP depletion is understudied. We tested the effects of extracellular ATP on excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked in CA1 pyramidal neurons by Schaffer collateral stimulation. In the absence of intracellular ATP, EPSC rundown was neutralized when a low concentration of ATP (1 µm) was added to the extracellular solution. Adenosine and ATP analogues did not prevent the EPSC rundown. The P2 antagonists piridoxal-5,-phosphate-azophenyl 2,,4,-disulphonate (PPADS) and reactive blue-2, and the P1 adenosine receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (CPT) had no detectable effects in cells depleted of ATP. However, the protective action of extracellular ATP on synaptic efficacy was blocked by extracellular application of the protein kinase inhibitors K252b and staurosporine. In contrast, K252b and staurosporine per se did not interfere with synaptic transmission in ATP loaded cells. Without intracellular ATP, bath-applied caffeine induced a transient (< 35 min) EPSC potentiation that was transformed into a persistent long-term potentiation (> 80 min) when 1 µm ATP was added extracellularly. An increased probability of transmitter release paralleled the long-term potentiation induced by caffeine, suggesting that it originated presynaptically. Therefore, we conclude that extracellular ATP may operate to maintain and regulate synaptic efficacy and plasticity in conditions of abnormal intracellular ATP depletion by phosphorylation of a surface protein substrate via activation of ecto-protein kinases. [source]

Dyspnoea after antiplatelet agents: the AZD6140 controversy

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 3 2007
V. L. Serebruany
Summary Recent randomised studies suggest that experimental oral reversible platelet P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, AZD6140, causes dyspnoea. This also raises similar concerns about the parent compound, and another adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analogue (AR-69931MX or cangrelor), which is currently in Phase 3 trial in patients undergoing coronary interventions. We analysed package inserts, and available clinical trials safety data for antiplatelet agents with regard to the incidence of dyspnoea. We found that dyspnoea is a very rare complication of the presently approved platelet inhibitors, mostly caused by underlying disease, rather than antiplatelet therapy per se. The main reasons for respiratory distress after oral (AZD6140), and intravenous (cangrelor) agents may be the development of mild asymptomatic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, fluid retention and dyspnoea because of the reversible nature of these drugs. Also, these agents are ATP analogues, which rapidly metabolise to adenosine, a well-known bronchoprovocator causing dyspnoea as well. In summary, dyspnoea is seldom considered, there are no treatment algorithms when it does occur, plausible mechanisms exist and despite these plausible mechanisms, the true cause of dyspnoea in these exposed individuals is unknown. Additional pulmonary function testing, immunological investigations and platelet receptor studies are urgently needed to determine the cause of dyspnoea after AZD6140, and to point out how such serious adverse reactions can be prevented, or at least minimised, raising potential concerns about this drug. [source]