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Property Values (property + value)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	39%
Humanities and Social Sciences	25%
Engineering	17%
Chemistry	10%
2 Other Domains	9%

Selected Abstracts

DOES SMALL DAM REMOVAL AFFECT LOCAL PROPERTY VALUES?

CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 2 2008
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
This paper uses hedonic analysis to examine the impact of small dam removal on property values in south-central Wisconsin. Data on residential property sales were obtained for three categories of sites: those where a small dam remains intact, those where a small dam was removed, and those where a river or stream has been free-flowing for at least 20 yr. The primary conclusions that emerge from the data are that shoreline frontage along small impoundments confers no increase in residential property value compared to frontage along free-flowing streams and that nonfrontage residential property located in the vicinity of a free-flowing stream is more valuable than similar nonfrontage property in the vicinity of a small impoundment. (JEL Q2, Q25, Q5, Q51) [source]

THE IMPACTS OF TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE ON PROPERTY VALUES: A HIGHER-ORDER SPATIAL ECONOMETRICS APPROACH

JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2007
Jeffrey P. Cohen
ABSTRACT We evaluate the impacts of enhanced transportation systems on property values for U.S. manufacturing firms, allowing for higher-order spatial error correlation. We use a state-level model of production cost and input demand that recognizes the productive contribution of public transportation infrastructure stocks. Our findings include significant impacts on property shadow values and input composition from both public highway and airport investment. We also find that these effects have a spatial dimension that depends on the proximity of the transport system; at least one and as many as three spatial error lags are significant in our estimating equations. Further, recognizing production growth from transportation system improvements augments the associated incentives for private capital investment. [source]

The Impact of Airport Noise and Proximity on Residential Property Values

GROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2000
Molly Espey
The hedonic price method is used to estimate the relationship between residential property values and airport noise and proximity to the airport in the Reno-Sparks area. Empirical results suggest there is a statistically significant negative relationship between airport noise and residential property values, with the average home in areas where noise levels are 65 decibels or high selling for about $2400 less than equivalent homes in quieter areas. However, in direct contrast to the study by Tomkins et al.(1998) who found proximity to the Manchester airport to be an amenity, this study finds proximity to the Reno-Sparks airport to have a significant negative value. [source]

The Effect of Community Gardens on Neighboring Property Values

REAL ESTATE ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2008
Ioan Voicu
Cities across the United States that have considerable vacant land are debating whether to foster community gardens on that land, while cities with land shortages are debating when to replace gardens with other uses. Meanwhile, many cities are looking for new ways to finance green spaces. Little empirical evidence about the neighborhood impacts of community gardens is available, however, to inform the debate or to help cities design financing schemes. This article estimates the impact of community gardens on neighborhood property values, using rich data for New York City and a difference-in-difference specification of a hedonic regression model. We find that gardens have significant positive effects, especially in the poorest neighborhoods. Higher-quality gardens have the greatest positive impact. [source]

Neural network modeling of physical properties of chemical compounds

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2001
J. Kozio
Abstract Three different models relating structural descriptors to normal boiling points, melting points, and refractive indexes of organic compounds have been developed using artificial neural networks. A newly elaborated set of molecular descriptors was evaluated to determine their utility in quantitative structure,property relationship (QSPR) studies. Applying two data sets containing 190 amines and 393 amides, neural networks were trained to predict physical properties with close to experimental accuracy, using the conjugated gradient algorithm. Obtained results have shown a high predictive ability of learned neural networks models. The fit error for the predicted properties values compared to experimental data is relatively small. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 84: 117,126, 2001 [source]

DOES SMALL DAM REMOVAL AFFECT LOCAL PROPERTY VALUES?

Fragmentation and Sprawl: Evidence from Interregional Analysis

GROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2002
John I. Carruthers
Recent years have witnessed widespread expansion of state and regional planning programs in the United States. A major purpose of these efforts is to reduce urban sprawl,low density, discontinuous, suburban,style development, often characterized as the result of rapid, unplanned, and/or uncoordinated growth, by promoting jurisdictional cooperation and regulatory consistency across metropolitan areas. This paper evaluates the efficacy of this approach by examining the relationship between governmental fragmentation and several measurable outcomes of urban development: density, urbanized land area, property value, and public expenditures on infrastructure. The four dimensions are modeled in a simultaneous equations framework, providing substantive evidence on how fragmentation and other exogenous factors affect metropolitan growth patterns. Fragmentation is associated with lower densities and higher property values, but has no direct effect on public service expenditures; less fragmented metropolitan areas occupy greater amounts of land due to the extensive annexation needed to bring new development under the control of a central municipality. The findings of the analysis lend support to state and regional planning efforts aimed at increasing cooperation among local governments, but also suggest that further research is needed in order to evaluate whether or not they produce their intended effects. [source]

Assessing Effectiveness of National Flood Policy Through Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Socioeconomic Exposure,

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 1 2009
Lauren A. Patterson
Abstract:, After a century of evolving flood policies, there has been a steady increase in flood losses, which has partly been driven by development in flood prone areas. National flood policy was revised in 1994 to focus on limiting and reducing the amount of development inside the 100-year floodplain, with the goal of decreasing flood losses, which can be measured and quantified in terms of population and property value inside the 100-year floodplain. Monitoring changes in these measurable indicators can inform where and how effective national floodplain management strategies have been. National flood policies are restricted to the spatial extent of the 100-year floodplain, thus there are no development regulations to protect against flooding adjacent to this boundary. No consistent monitoring has been undertaken to examine the effect of flood policy on development immediately outside the 100-year floodplain. We developed a standardized methodology, which leveraged national data to quantify changes in population and building tax value (exposure). We applied this approach to counties in North Carolina to assess (1) temporal changes, before and after the 1994 policy and (2) spatial changes, inside and adjacent to the 100-year floodplain. Temporal results indicate the Piedmont and Mountain Region had limited success at reducing exposure within the 100-year floodplain, while the Coastal Plain successfully reduced exposure. Spatially, there was a significant increase in exposure immediately outside the 100-year floodplain throughout North Carolina. The lack of consistent monitoring has resulted in the continuation of this unintended consequence, which could be a significant driver of increased flood losses as any flood even slightly higher than the 100-year floodplain will have a disproportionately large impact since development is outside the legal boundary of national flood policy. [source]

Bauphysikalische, ökologische und ökonomische Bewertung von geförderten Sanierungskonzepten in Wien

BAUPHYSIK, Issue 3 2009
Azra Korjenic Univ.-Ass.
Energieeinsparung; Gebäudebestand Abstract In diesem Beitrag wird die Nachhaltigkeit von Gebäudesanierungen untersucht, wobei die Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs das oberste Ziel ist, was mit bis zu 80 % erreicht werden kann. Während in anderen Großstädten Europas das Konzept der Flächensanierung praktiziert wurde und wird, wird in Wien die "sanfte Sanierung" propagiert und auch gefördert. Die Stadt Wien hat dafür verschiedene Sanierungskonzepte bei der Hand. In dieser Untersuchung werden die verschiedenen geförderten Sanierungskonzepte anhand eines realen Beispiels gezeigt und rechnerisch überprüft. Ein Vergleich der verschiedenen Konzepte beleuchtet die einzelnen Punkte der Sanierung: Energieeffizienz, Sanierungskosten, Belastung für den Eigentümer bzw. Mieter der Wohnungen und Belastung für den Fördergeber (Land Wien). Die Ergebnisse ausgeführter Sanierungskonzepte brachten folgende Erkenntnisse bzw. Problemstellungen: , die Sanierungsmaßnahmen kommen hauptsächlich den Mietern zugute, während der Kostenträger (Eigentümer) nur die Wertsteigerung als Nutzen hat; , mangelnde Bereitschaft der Bewohner zur Sanierung; , erhebliche Mehrkosten für Passivhaustechnik; , zu geringe höchstzulässige Gesamtsanierungskosten. Evaluation of retrofitting concepts and municipal sponsoring in Vienna. Major energy efficiency improvements can be achieved via building stock retrofit. While in some major cities in Europe, mostly large-area building retrofit measures have been targeted; in Vienna a gradual thermal improvement of the building stock has been practiced. Thereby, a number of different instruments and programs have been promoted by the regional government. In the present contribution, a number of such programs are compared and evaluated based on the demonstrative case of a concrete example. Thereby, multiple related issues were addressed: energy efficiency, retrofit expenses, burden for the building owners and tenants, and burden for the funding agency (Municipal of Vienna). The results suggest: , the main beneficiary of retrofit programs are typically the tenants. The landlords benefit indirectly due to the appreciation of property value; , there is a certain lack of willingness on the side of the occupants toward thermal building retrofit measures; , achieving passive house standard in the course of retrofit measures cause significant additional costs; , permissible (fundable) maximum total retrofit expenses has been set too low. [source]

Beyond Profiling: Using ADMET Models to Guide Decisions

CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY, Issue 11 2009
Matthew Segall
Abstract ADMET Models, whether in silico or in vitro, are commonly used to ,profile' molecules, to identify potential liabilities or filter out molecules expected to have undesirable properties. While useful, this is the most basic application of such models. Here, we will show how models may be used to go ,beyond profiling' to guide key decisions in drug discovery. For example, selection of chemical series to focus resources with confidence or design of improved molecules targeting structural modifications to improve key properties. To prioritise molecules and chemical series, the success criteria for properties and their relative importance to a project's objective must be defined. Data from models (experimental or predicted) may then be used to assess each molecule's balance of properties against those requirements. However, to make decisions with confidence, the uncertainties in all of the data must also be considered. In silico models encode information regarding the relationship between molecular structure and properties. This is used to predict the property value of a novel molecule. However, further interpretation can yield information on the contributions of different groups in a molecule to the property and the sensitivity of the property to structural changes. Visualising this information can guide the redesign process. In this article, we describe methods to achieve these goals and drive drug-discovery decisions and illustrate the results with practical examples. [source]

DOES SMALL DAM REMOVAL AFFECT LOCAL PROPERTY VALUES?

Fragmentation and Sprawl: Evidence from Interregional Analysis

The Impact of Public School Attributes on Home Sale Prices in California

GROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2000
David E. Clark
The quality of public schools is often cited as an important attribute which distinguishes a community. Indeed, a recent public opinion poll conducted by the California Public Education Partnership indicates that residents rank improvements in public education higher than such high profile issues as environmental quality and crime reduction. In order to explore the role of educational quality in determining residential property values, a hedonic housing price model is used on a large sample of homes which sold within Fresno County in California over the period 1990-1994. After controlling for a wide range of housing characteristics and neighborhood features, the findings indicate that the school district does significantly influence the real sale price. Then the relative importance of inputs into the production of educational services is investigated as compared to output measures of productivity. These findings suggest that both input and output measures are important. However, elasticity estimates of input measures tend to be higher than those of output measures, with the average class size by far the strongest influence. There is some evidence to suggest that the benefits of additional teachers likely outweigh the costs. Finally, the findings suggest that attributes of schools are more highly valued by local residents than either crime or environmental quality measures within the community. [source]

The Impact of Airport Noise and Proximity on Residential Property Values

Improvement of the basic correlating equations and transition criteria of natural convection heat transfer

HEAT TRANSFER - ASIAN RESEARCH (FORMERLY HEAT TRANSFER-JAPANESE RESEARCH), Issue 4 2001
Shi-Ming Yang
Abstract In this paper, improvements in the basic physical laws of natural convection heat transfer were implemented in two major respects by incorporating recent research findings in this field. A preferred transition criterion was adopted in this paper to correlate all of the experimental data. Since transition correlations are primarily flow stability problems, the Grashof number, instead of the Rayleigh number, was found to be the preferred criterion. Furthermore, in the case of natural convection heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder, a series of experimental data in the high-Rayleigh-number regions recently became available. These data made it possible to establish new reliable correlations and also to test the validity of previous correlations. It is concluded that the previous correlation for a horizontal cylinder in high-Rayleigh-number regions was based on unreliable experimental results. The transition correlation for a horizontal cylinder occurred at much higher values of Rayleigh number than the previous recommendation. In the case of natural convection heat transfer from a vertical plate, more accurate property values for air under pressurized conditions are now available. This made it possible to replot the reliable data of Saunders. From this result and the experimental result of Warner and Arpaci, a new set of basic correlations in natural convection heat transfer for laminar, transitional, and turbulent regimes are recommended. These recommendations reflect a better understanding of the basic physical laws in the field of heat convection. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(4): 293,300, 2001 [source]

A counterfort versus a cantilever retaining wall,a seismic equivalence,

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS, Issue 9 2005
Ashok K. Chugh
Abstract A procedure is presented to develop geometric dimensions and material property values for a model cantilever wall from those of a prototype counterfort wall such that the model wall will simulate the response of the prototype wall for seismic loads. The equivalency criteria are given. A sample problem is included to illustrate the use of the proposed procedure. Accuracy of results is discussed. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Tribology,Structure Relationships in Silicon Oxycarbide Thin Films

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY, Issue 5 2010
Joseph V. Ryan
Silicon oxycarbide is a versatile material system that is attractive for many applications because of its ability to tune properties such as chemical compatibility, refractive index, electrical conductivity, and optical band gap through changes in composition. One particularly intriguing application lies in the production of biocompatible coatings with good mechanical properties. In this paper, we report on the wide range of mechanical and tribological property values exhibited by silicon oxycarbide thin films deposited by reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Through a change in oxygen partial pressure in the sputtering plasma, the composition of the films was controlled to produce relatively pure SiO2, carbon-doped SiC, and compositions between these limits. Hardness values were 8,20 GPa over this range and the elastic modulus was measured to be between 60 and 220 GPa. We call attention to the fit of the mechanical data to a simple additive bond-mixture model for property prediction. Tribological parameters were measured using a ball-on-disk apparatus and the samples exhibited the same general trends for friction coefficient and wear rate. One film is shown to produce variable low friction behavior and low wear rate, which suggests a solid-state self-lubrication process because of heterogeneity on the nanometer scale. [source]

Group contribution methods for the prediction of thermophysical and transport properties of ionic liquids

AICHE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2009
Ramesh L. Gardas
Abstract Thermophysical and transport properties of ionic liquids are required for the design of processes and products. Yet the experimental data available are scarce and often contradictory. Based on experimental data collected from the literature, group contribution methods were developed for the estimation of viscosity, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, refractive index, isobaric expansivity, and isothermal compressibility, of various families of ionic liquids. Using the Stokes,Einstein relation a correlation for the self-diffusion coefficients with the viscosity is also proposed. The results of the proposed models show average absolute relative deviations generally of the same order of the experimental accuracy of the data. They are easy to use and can provide predictions of property values for ionic liquids never previously studied. The group contribution basis of these models will allow them to be extended to new groups of cations and anions as further data became available. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009 [source]

An analysis of the neighborhood impacts of a mortgage assistance program: A spatial hedonic model

JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2010
Wenhua Di
Down payment or closing cost assistance is an effective program in addressing the wealth constraints of low-and moderate-income homebuyers. However, the spillover effect of such programs on the neighborhood is unknown. This paper estimates the impact of the City of Dallas Mortgage Assistance Program (MAP) on nearby home values using a hedonic model of home sales from 1990 to 2006. We define neighborhoods of 1,000 feet around each sale and estimate the average differences in sales prices between neighborhoods with various numbers of MAP properties before and after their appearance. We find that MAP properties tend to locate in neighborhoods with lower property values; however, unless a concentration of MAP properties forms, the infusion of MAP properties has little detrimental impact on neighboring property values. Moreover, low concentration of MAP properties has a modest positive impact on surrounding property values. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. [source]

THE IMPACTS OF TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE ON PROPERTY VALUES: A HIGHER-ORDER SPATIAL ECONOMETRICS APPROACH

Effects of Urban Spatial Structure, Sociodemographics, and Climate on Residential Water Consumption in Hillsboro, Oregon,

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 3 2010
Lily House-Peters
House-Peters, Lily, Bethany Pratt, and Heejun Chang, 2010. Effects of Urban Spatial Structure, Sociodemographics, and Climate on Residential Water Consumption in Hillsboro, Oregon. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(3):461-472. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00415.x Abstract:, In the Portland metropolitan area, suburban growth in cities such as Hillsboro is projected to increase as people seek affordable housing near a burgeoning metropolis. The most significant determinants for increases in water demand are population growth, climate change, and the type of urban development that occurs. This study analyzes the spatial patterns of single family residential (SFR) water consumption in Hillsboro, Oregon, at the census block scale. The following research questions are addressed: (1) What are the significant determinants of SFR water consumption in Hillsboro, Oregon? (2) Is SFR water demand sensitive to drought conditions and interannual climate variation? (3) To what magnitude do particular census blocks react to drought conditions and interannual climate variation? Using ordinary least squares multiple regression and spatial regression methods, we found that base use, representing indoor water use, is dependent on household size and that seasonal use, representing external water use is dependent on both education level and the size of the property's outdoor space. Spatial analysis techniques determined that although the water demand of the study area as a whole is not sensitive to drought conditions, certain individual census blocks do respond with a higher magnitude of water use. The most climate-sensitive census blocks tend to contain newer and larger homes, and have higher property values and more affluent and well-educated residents. [source]

The option to change the use of a property when future property values and construction costs are uncertain

MANAGERIAL AND DECISION ECONOMICS, Issue 7 2001
Åke Gunnelin
This paper models the decision to change the use of a property when its value in the current use and the new use, as well as construction costs, are uncertain. In the case of development of vacant land, when cash flows and construction costs are lognormally distributed, the development of the property optimally takes place when the ratio of benefit to cost of development reaches some fixed level. In the redevelopment case, the timing problem is found to be more complex, as the cost of exercising the conversion option consists of two parts, the construction costs and the surrendered value of the property in the current use, which may evolve differently over time. In this case, optimal redevelopment will take place for different benefit,cost ratios, depending on the relative sizes of the property values in the different uses and the construction costs. Also, for a given current benefit,cost ratio, the option value will vary significantly, depending on the relative size of the state variables. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Parking Externalities in Commercial Real Estate

REAL ESTATE ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2010
Bowman Cutter IV
Local governments have employed a variety of strategies to reduce street congestion through an increase in parking supply. These policies have been criticized as an implicit subsidy that shifts costs from drivers to the public at large. Others have noted that parking lots and structures can lead to increased water and air pollution. However, there has not been an examination of whether parking, presumably by reducing congestion, generates external benefits. We measure whether nearby parking availability influences commercial property prices after controlling for property characteristics, including on-site parking. We find that publicly accessible parking, such as commercial parking garages, generates significant aggregate externalities. We also find evidence of a significant complementary relationship between building and parking area in property values. This suggests that parking regulation could have a significant impact on property development through its effect on the value of the marginal square foot of building area. [source]

Contemporaneous Loan Stress and Termination Risk in the CMBS Pool: How "Ruthless" is Default?

REAL ESTATE ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2010
Tracey Seslen
This study analyzes the impact of contemporaneous loan stress on the termination of loans in the commercial mortgage-backed securities pool from 1992 to 2004 using a novel measure, based on changes in net operating incomes and property values at the metropolitan statistical area-property-type-year level. Employing a semi-parametric competing risks model for a variety of specifications, we find that the probability of default is extremely low even at very high levels of stress, although the coefficient estimates of greatest interest are very statistically significant. These results suggest substantial lender forbearance and are consistent with previous research that models default as a "gradual dynamic process" rather than a "ruthless" exercise once "in the money." [source]

The Effect of Community Gardens on Neighboring Property Values

Commercial Real Estate Valuation, Development and Occupancy Under Leasing Uncertainty

REAL ESTATE ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2007
Richard Buttimer
A model of commercial property valuation is developed where individual property owners are price takers and tenants randomly arrive and depart. Spot lease and tenant reservation prices are stochastic and correlated and can divert from but eventually revert back to market equilibrium. Within this framework we examine built property values and vacancy rates for varying parameter sets representing differing markets and economic conditions. We also examine how potential and existing vacancies, spot lease prices and tenant reservation prices feed back into development decisions. We demonstrate how preleasing acts as a hedge to the developer against the risk of leasing uncertainty. [source]

Phonation threshold pressure predictions using viscoelastic properties up to 1,400 Hz of injectables intended for Reinke's space,

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 5 2010
Sarah A. Klemuk PhD
Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: Viscoelastic properties of numerous vocal fold injectables have been reported but not at speaking frequencies. For materials intended for Reinke's space, ramifications of property values are of great concern because of their impact on ease of voice onset. Our objectives were: 1) to measure viscoelastic properties of a new nonresorbing carbomer and well-known vocal fold injectables at vocalization frequencies using established and new instrumentation, and 2) to predict phonation threshold pressures using a computer model with intended placement in Reinke's space. Study Design: Rheology and phonation threshold pressure calculations. Methods: Injectables were evaluated with a traditional rotational rheometer and a new piezo-rotary vibrator. Using these data at vocalization frequencies, phonation threshold pressures (PTP) were calculated for each biomaterial, assuming a low dimensional model with supraglottic coupling and adjusted vocal fold length and thickness at each frequency. Results were normalized to a nominal PTP value. Results: Viscoelastic data were acquired at vocalization frequencies as high as 363 to 1,400 Hz for six new carbomer hydrogels, Hylan B, and Extracel intended for vocal fold Reinke's space injection and for Cymetra (lateral injection). Reliability was confirmed with good data overlap when measuring with either rheometer. PTP predictions ranged from 0.001 to 16 times the nominal PTP value of 0.283 kPa. Conclusions: Accurate viscoelastic measurements of vocal fold injectables are now possible at physiologic frequencies. Hylan B, Extracel, and the new carbomer hydrogels should generate easy vocal onset and sustainable vocalization based on their rheologic properties if injected into Reinke's space. Applications may vary depending on desired longevity of implant. Laryngoscope, 2010 [source]