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Progress
Kinds of Progress Terms modified by Progress Selected AbstractsRECENT PROGRESS IN ENDOSCOPY-BASED DIAGNOSIS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTIONDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 1 2001Tadashi Sato Numerous invasive and non-invasive tests are available in the detection of Helicobacter pylori. Endoscopy-based tests that include rapid urease test, histological examination and culture are important generally in the assessment of H. pylori status before eradication therapy. Recently, several new endoscopy-based diagnostic methods have been developed aiming at rapid and accurate detection of the organisms. It would be possible to diagnose H. pylori infection in treated patients by using these new highly sensitive tests. Although the diagnosis of H. pylori infection itself is possible by using non-invasive diagnostic tests, endoscopy-based tests provide not only the diagnosis of the organisms, but also the exclusive information such as treatment indications and the susceptibility for the antimicrobial drugs. Recently, new triple therapy including clarithromycin has been widely performed in Japan. Along with an increase in the prevalence of the antibiotic-resistant strains, culture may become a more important diagnostic method in the future. The inappropriate application of the tests may increase the potential risk of the misdiagnosis and the treatment failures. The diagnostic method should be selected by taking into account the circumstances in which a diagnosis is to be performed. [source] Stroke secondary prevention and blood pressure reduction: an observational study of the use of PROGRESS therapyFUNDAMENTAL & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Jean-Marc Bugnicourt Abstract The Perindopril pROtection aGainst REcurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS) showed the efficacy of blood pressure reduction in secondary stroke prevention. This anti-hypertensive treatment (perindopril 4 mg daily plus indapamide 1.5 mg daily) is now routinely proposed to patients referred to our department for stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prescription of PROGRESS therapy during hospitalization and to identify the predictors of therapy discontinuation after discharge. Eligible patients admitted to the Amiens University hospital for acute stroke or TIA from January to April 2003 were included (n = 101). At 1 year, the use of PROGRESS therapy was evaluated by structured phone interviews. In addition, each patient's general practitioner (GP) was also contacted to provide information. PROGRESS therapy was mentioned on the hospital discharge summary significantly less frequently after cardioembolic stroke (OR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.05,0.5; P = 0.001) and TIA (OR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02,0.7; P = 0.02). At 1 year, only 25.7% of patients were treated with optimal PROGRESS therapy (perindopril 4 mg daily plus indapamide 1.5 mg daily). Mention of PROGRESS therapy in the discharge summary was the main predictor of optimal PROGRESS therapy at 1 year (OR: 10.8; 95% CI: 1.3,88.3; P = 0.03). This study shows that mention of PROGRESS therapy in the discharge summary must be improved as it is associated with a higher use of these anti-hypertensive agents 1 year after stroke/TIA. [source] PROGRESS IN THE STUDY ON FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF MICROPLITIS WASPS,INSECT SCIENCE, Issue 3 2000DONG Wen-xia Abstract The success of foraging behavior of Microplitis wasps is governed by many factors including semiochemicals, experience and learning, as well as physiological state, rearing method etc. This paper summarizes the progress in the study on foraging behavior of Microplitis wasps. Its application in biological control is also discussed. [source] TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS UNDER LEARNING BY IMITATION,INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 2 2009Morgan Kelly I analyze technological progress when knowledge has a large tacit component so that transmission of knowledge takes place through direct personal imitation. It is shown that the rate of technological progress depends on the number of innovators in the same knowledge network. Assuming the diffusion of knowledge to mirror the geographical pattern of trade,the greater the trade between two sites, the greater the probability that technical knowledge flows between them,I show that a gradual expansion of trade causes a sudden rise in the rate of technological progress. [source] DINOPHYTE REPRODUCTION: PROGRESS AND CONFLICTSJOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 4 2003M. Elbrächter First page of article [source] THE 45TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE JOURNAL OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: PROGRESS TO DATE AND CONTINUED EXCELLENCE MOVING FORWARDJOURNAL OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2009CRAIG R. CARTER Co-Editor-in-Chief No abstract is available for this article. [source] LOCALIZED TECHNICAL PROGRESS AND CHOICE OF TECHNIQUE IN A LINEAR PRODUCTION MODELMETROECONOMICA, Issue 2 2005Antonio D'Agata ABSTRACT The problem of choice of technique in single production linear models has been extensively analysed under the assumption that the set of processes available in the economy is exogenously given and globally known. However, since Atkinson and Stiglitz's 1969 article economists have considered technical change as a cumulative, localized and adaptive process. The aim of this paper is to develop an adaptive model of choice of technique within a classical theoretical framework. Our model provides, although in a very stylized way, an explicit description of the relationship between the currently employed processes of production and the new ones. This allows us to analyse in a rigorous way the ,secular' dynamics of the economy. [source] UNIFORM TECHNICAL PROGRESS: CAN IT BE HARMFUL?PACIFIC ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 1 2006Hamid Beladi The condition for immiserizing technical progress crucially depends on the pattern of specialization. Our results tend to hold in a more general specification of the basic structure. [source] A Probabilistic Framework for Bayesian Adaptive Forecasting of Project ProgressCOMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2007Paolo Gardoni An adaptive Bayesian updating method is used to assess the unknown model parameters based on recorded data and pertinent prior information. Recorded data can include equality, upper bound, and lower bound data. The proposed approach properly accounts for all the prevailing uncertainties, including model errors arising from an inaccurate model form or missing variables, measurement errors, statistical uncertainty, and volitional uncertainty. As an illustration of the proposed approach, the project progress and final time-to-completion of an example project are forecasted. For this illustration construction of civilian nuclear power plants in the United States is considered. This application considers two cases (1) no information is available prior to observing the actual progress data of a specified plant and (2) the construction progress of eight other nuclear power plants is available. The example shows that an informative prior is important to make accurate predictions when only a few records are available. This is also the time when forecasts are most valuable to the project manager. Having or not having prior information does not have any practical effect on the forecast when progress on a significant portion of the project has been recorded. [source] Recent Progress in Dielectric Barrier Discharges for Aerodynamic Flow ControlCONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS, Issue 1-2 2007G. I. Font Abstract Plasma actuators are electrical devices that use an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge for flow control. They have been employed successfully to promote boundary layer attachment. Simulations have been carried out of a plasma actuator using Direct-Simulation-Monte-Carlo and Particle-in-Cell methods. This work summarizes some recent results including: 1) the method by which force is imparted by the actuator to the neutral flow, 2) the effect of electronegative gasses, such as oxygen, and 3) the effects on the neutral flow of the plasma force. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Morality's Progress: Essays on Humans, Other Animals, and the Rest of Nature: Dale JamiesonCURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 3 2004Ronald B. Meyers First page of article [source] Commentary: Fractional Resurfacing: A Step in ProgressDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 10 2010MARY CHRISTIAN-REED MD Mary Christian-Reed, MD, is a luminary for the Palomar Corporation. [source] Current Progress of Immunostains in Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A ReviewDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 12 2008MAYA K. THOSANI MD Mohs micrographic surgery is often considered the treatment of choice for a variety of skin malignancies. In recent years, the application of immunostaining techniques has facilitated the successful removal of a number of common and less common cutaneous malignancies, including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, microcystic adnexal carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, atypical fibroxanthoma, extramammary Paget's disease, and even sarcomas. Immunostains highlight the tumor cells and allow the Mohs surgeons to pinpoint and eliminate the residual tumor at the surgical margin. It is especially helpful when a tumor presents with subtle or nonspecific histologic features or when a tumor is masked in a pocket of dense inflammation. However, the cost, the labor, and the time consumption are of concern to many of our peers, as are the diversity of antigens, which may overwhelm some. This article serves as a review of the literature on current uses of immunostaining in Mohs micrographic surgery and as a summary of their realistic applications in the dermatologic surgeon's practice. We conclude that immunohistochemical technique has played an important role in Mohs surgery advancement. With greater use and more cost-effective staining methods, we believe that the use of immunostains in a Mohs practice will become routine. [source] Policy Reform and Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: Absolute Progress but Relative DeclineDEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 1 2004Elizabeth Asiedu Despite improvements in the policy environment, sub-Saharan Africa's share of foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries continues to decline. This article provides an explanation for the deterioration in SSA's FDI global position. It argues that, although SSA has reformed its institutions, improved its infrastructure and liberalised its FDI regulatory framework, the degree of reform has been mediocre compared with the reform implemented in other developing countries. As a consequence, relative to other regions, SSA has become less attractive for FDI. An important implication of these results is that in a competitive global economy, it is not enough just to improve one's policy environment: improvements need to be made both in absolute and relative terms. [source] Epidemiology of Down syndromeDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 3 2007Stephanie L. Sherman Abstract Down syndrome (DS) is the most commonly identified genetic form of mental retardation and the leading cause of specific birth defects and medical conditions. Traditional epidemiological studies to determine the prevalence, cause, and clinical significance of the syndrome have been conducted over the last 100 years. DS has been estimated to occur in ,1 in 732 infants in the United States, although there is some evidence that variability in prevalence of estimates exist among racial/ethnic groups. Progress has been made in characterizing the specific types of chromosome errors that lead to DS and in identifying associated factors that increase the risk of chromosome 21 malsegregation, i.e., advanced maternal age and recombination. Studies to examine the variability of the presence of specific DS-associated birth defects and medical conditions provide evidence for genetic and environmental modifiers. Here, we provide a brief survey of studies that address the current state of the field and suggest gaps in research that can soon be filled with new multidisciplinary approaches and technological advances. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:221,227. [source] Psycho-educational interventions for children and young people with Type 1 diabetesDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 9 2006H. R. Murphy Abstract Background, A systematic review of the literature in 2000 revealed numerous methodological shortcomings in education research, but in recent years progress has been made in the quantity and quality of psycho-educational intervention studies. Summary of contents, This review focuses on diabetes education programmes developed for children, young people and their families in the past 5 years. A comprehensive review of the literature identified 27 articles describing the evaluation of 24 psycho-educational interventions. Data summary tables compare the key features of these, and comparisons are made between individual, group and family-based interventions. Effect sizes are calculated for nine of the randomized studies. Three research questions are posed: firstly has the recent literature addressed the problems highlighted in the previous review; secondly is there sufficient evidence to recommend adaptation of a particular programme; and, finally, what do we still need to do? Conclusions, Progress in the quality and quantity of educational research has not resulted in improved effectiveness of interventions. There is still insufficient evidence to recommend adaptation of a particular educational programme and no programme that has been proven effective in randomized studies for those with poor glycaemic control. To develop a range of effective educational interventions, further research involving larger sample sizes with multicentre collaboration is required. [source] A Sordid Affair: The Alliance for Progress and British GuianaDIPLOMATIC HISTORY, Issue 4 2007Piero Gleijeses First page of article [source] Progress in the development of new treatments for combined Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseasesDRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 3 2002Eliezer Masliah Abstract Misfolding of synaptic molecules such as amyloid , peptide and ,-synuclein has been proposed to play a key role in the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, respectively. Notably, the majority of patients with Alzheimer's disease also have ,-synuclein-immunoreactive Lewy bodies, and a substantial proportion of them develop a form of parkinsonism also known as Lewy body disease, that defies conventional therapies. Thus, factors involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease might promote the development of particularly recalcitrant forms of Lewy body disease. We have shown that the amyloid , peptide 1-42, of Alzheimer's disease, promotes the toxic conversion of ,-synuclein and accelerates ,-synuclein-dependent deficits in transgenic mice. Understanding the mechanisms promoting the toxic conversion of ,-synuclein is of critical importance for the design of rationale treatments for Lewy body disease and transgenic models hold the promise for the development of such novel therapies. In this context therapies aimed at: (1) reducing amyloid , peptide 1-42 production, (2) blocking toxic ,-synuclein oligomerization (e.g., ,-synuclein, antioxidants), (3) promoting ,-synuclein protofibril degradation, and (4) protecting neurons (e.g., anti-oxidants, neurotrophic agents) against toxic ,-synuclein aggregates might prove to be significantly useful in the treatment of Lewy body disease. We characterized ,-synuclein, the non-amyloidogenic homologue of ,-synuclein, as an inhibitor of aggregation of ,-synuclein. Our results raise the intriguing possibility that ,-synuclein might be a natural negative regulator of ,-synuclein aggregation, and that a similar class of endogenous factors might modulate the toxic conversion of other molecules involved in neurodegeneration. Such an anti-amyloidogenic property of ,-synuclein in combination with other treatments might also provide a novel strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Drug Dev. Res. 56:282,292, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Progress of Untreated Massive Cardiac Echinococcosis,Echocardiographic Follow-UpECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 9 2006Serdar Soydinc M.D. A 56-year-old man was admitted with chest pain and dyspnea. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed a giant cystic cardiac mass with multiple loculations at interventricular septum extended to inferoposterior region protruding inside the cavity. The patient refused surgical therapy. His complaints persisted without significant changes after 5 months. Second echocardiographic evaluation revealed conjugation of previous multiple cyst to gigantic intramyocardial cyst and minimal pericardial effusion. We intend to illustrate herein an unusual echocardiographic appearance and progress of an untreated massive "cardiac echinococcosis." If cardiac hydatid cyst is left untreated it may transform to large cavity with a high risk of rupture. [source] Placing Progress: Contextual Inequality and Immigrant Incorporation in the United StatesECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2008Jamie Goodwin-White Abstract This article contributes to the growing body of research on the economic incorporation of immigrants by considering the relative wages of immigrants, the adult children of immigrants, and the U.S.-born children of U.S. parentage. By disaggregating these three groups racially, comparing entire wage distributions, and comparing the immigrant cities of New York and Los Angeles with the United States overall, it presents a perspective on the complicated contexts of the intergenerational progress of immigrants. In addition to comparing the groups' relative positions in 1990 and 2000, the article decomposes relative wages such that differences in the educational composition of groups can be isolated from residual wage inequality. This research is of interest because consideration of the U.S.-born or educated children of immigrants invokes questions of social mobility and the persistence of ethnic inequality more generally. The article also contributes to a theoretical debate over place and immigrants' progress by examining the second generation, for whom residence in immigrant cities is often theorized as detrimental to economic incorporation. Finally, it introduces a substantial analysis of local wage structures to questions of immigrants' intergenerational economic progress to a much greater extent than has previously been the case. The results suggest that prospects for immigrants' economic incorporation are geographically specific and should be assessed across multiple generations as a result of the continuing contexts of racial wage inequality [source] Material progress and the challenge of affluence in seventeenth-century EnglandECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 3 2009PAUL SLACK In the later seventeenth century, material progress was first identified in England as a recent achievement with boundless future promise, and it was welcomed despite fears about the threats that it was perceived to present to national and personal well-being. The article investigates the roots of that confidence, and finds them in political economy and other intellectual developments that shaped interpretations of changing standards of living. The civic and moral ,challenge of affluence' was fully recognized but never resolved. Progress was accepted, and had to be defended in war-time, as the route to general happiness, ,ease', and plenty. [source] Progress, decline, growth: product and productivity in Italian agriculture, 1000,2000ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 3 2004GIOVANNI FEDERICO This article estimates agricultural production and output per worker in Italy, from about the year 1000 to the present. The millennium may be divided neatly into three periods. Output per worker increased until the fourteenth century, declined, with some fluctuations, until the end of the nineteenth century, and then recovered, booming in the past 50 years. [source] Progress and poverty in early modern EuropeECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 3 2003Robert C. Allen An econometric model of economic development is estimated with data from leading European countries between 1300 and 1800. The model explores the impact of population, enclosure, empire, representative government, technology, and literacy on urbanization, agricultural productivity, proto-industry, and the real wage. Simulations show that the main factors leading to economic success in north-western Europe were the growth of American and Asian commerce and, especially, the innovations underlying the export of the new draperies in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The enclosure of the open fields, representative government, and the spread of literacy did not play major roles. [source] Government Managing Risk: Income-Contingent Loans for Social and Economic Progress.ECONOMICA, Issue 306 2010By BRUCE CHAPMAN No abstract is available for this article. [source] Discrepancies Between Score Trends from NAEP and State Tests: A Scale-Invariant PerspectiveEDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT: ISSUES AND PRACTICE, Issue 4 2007Andrew D. Ho State test score trends are widely interpreted as indicators of educational improvement. To validate these interpretations, state test score trends are often compared to trends on other tests such as the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). These comparisons raise serious technical and substantive concerns. Technically, the most commonly used trend statistics,for example, the change in the percent of proficient students,are misleading in the context of cross-test comparisons. Substantively, it may not be reasonable to expect that NAEP and state test score trends should be similar. This paper motivates then applies a "scale-invariant" framework for cross-test trend comparisons to compare "high-stakes" state test score trends from 2003 to 2005 to NAEP trends over the same period. Results show that state trends are significantly more positive than NAEP trends. The paper concludes with cautions against the positioning of trend discrepancies in a framework where only one trend is considered "true." [source] An Investigation of Alternative Methods for Item Mapping in the National Assessment of Educational ProgressEDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT: ISSUES AND PRACTICE, Issue 2 2001Rebecca Zwick What is item mapping and how does it aid test score interpretation? Which item mapping technique produces the most consistent results and most closely matches expert opinion? [source] Emergency Medicine Australasia: Progress and prospectsEMERGENCY MEDICINE AUSTRALASIA, Issue 6 2007Anthony FT Brown No abstract is available for this article. [source] Writing Process and Progress: Where Do We Go from Here?ENGLISH IN EDUCATION, Issue 1 2001Mary Hilton Abstract This article examines the rationale behind the government's methods for raising standards in writing at Key Stage 2. Firstly there is a renewed drive to teach discrete units of sentence grammar. Secondly there is a fresh commitment to shared and guided writing. But, because it is envisaged that these teacher-led sessions will take up at least half of the Literacy Hour two or three times a week, both these aims will lead to a diminution of time for written composition by the children themselves. This is in accordance with new criticisms by NLS policy makers of the model of ,process' embedded in the National Curriculum, particularly the idea of creative pre-writing activities and sustained independent writing. The article goes on to argue that these new measures ignore research on the ways children learn to write and will not lead to a rise in standards. [source] Environmental Progress expands focus on energy and sustainabilityENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, Issue 1 2008Martin Abraham No abstract is available for this article. [source] High seizure frequency prior to antiepileptic treatment is a predictor of pharmacoresistant epilepsy in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsyEPILEPSIA, Issue 1 2010Wolfgang Löscher Summary Purpose:, Progress in the management of patients with medically intractable epilepsy is impeded because we do not fully understand why pharmacoresistance happens and how it can be predicted. The presence of multiple seizures prior to medical treatment has been suggested as a potential predictor of poor outcome. In the present study, we used an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy to investigate whether pharmacoresistant rats differ in seizure frequency from pharmacoresponsive animals. Methods:, Epilepsy with spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) was induced by status epilepticus. Frequency of SRS was determined by video/EEG (electroencephalography) monitoring in a total of 33 epileptic rats before onset of treatment with phenobarbital (PB). Results:, Thirteen (39%) rats did not respond to treatment with PB. Before treatment with PB, average seizure frequency in PB nonresponders was significantly higher than seizure frequency in responders, which, however, was due to six nonresponders that exhibited > 3 seizures per day. Such high seizure frequency was not observed in responders, demonstrating that high seizure frequency predicts pharmacoresistance in this model, but does not occur in all nonresponders. Discussion:, The data from this study are in line with clinical experience that the frequency of seizures in the early phase of epilepsy is a dominant risk factor that predicts refractoriness. However, resistance to treatment also occurred in rats that did not differ in seizure frequency from responders, indicating that disease severity alone is not sufficient to explain antiepileptic drug (AED) resistance. These data provide further evidence that epilepsy models are useful in the search for predictors and mechanisms of pharmacoresistance. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||