Home About us Contact | |||
Profession
Kinds of Profession Selected AbstractsThe Ethics of Teaching as a Moral ProfessionCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 4 2008ELIZABETH CAMPBELL First page of article [source] Disciplining the Profession: subjects subject to procedureEDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY, Issue 1 2002Paul Standish First page of article [source] Ordering a Profession: Swedish Nurses Encounter New Public Management ReformsFINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2003Maria Blomgren This article deals with professional responses to and handling of New Public Management reforms in the context of Swedish health care. The focus is on Swedish nurses, and the argument is that the extent to which a profession is heterogeneous and embraces a variety of ordering processes explains differing, and even contradictory, responses within a single profession. The paper shows that the ordering processes within the Swedish nursing profession provided a wide variety of conditions for nurses' encounter with the reforms. Overall, the transformations brought about by the New Public Management reforms aligned more easily with the process of ordering nurses into administrative leaders than with the process of ordering nurses into experts in caring. [source] Emotions in a Rational Profession: The Gendering of Skills in ICT WorkGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 1 2008Elisabeth K. Kelan Information communication technology (ICT) work is rarely seen as a work environment where emotional and social skills are key. However, the ideal ICT worker is increasingly said to possess a range of emotional and social skills that are often associated with femininity. This raises the question of how skills are discursively gendered in ICT work. This article firstly shows which skills ICT workers identify as those needed by the ideal ICT worker. Secondly, it highlights how ICT workers construct their own skills. Thirdly, some light is shed on how the gendering of emotional and social skills shifts with different discursive contexts and it is shown what the implications of this are. It is suggested that there is a dynamic at work through which men can appear as a new ideal ICT worker with more ease than women, despite the fact that women are more often associated with social and emotional skills. [source] Trust in the Medical Profession: Conceptual and Measurement IssuesHEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 5 2002Mark A Hall Objective. To develop and test a multi-item measure for general trust in physicians, in contrast with trust in a specific physician. Data Sources. Random national telephone survey of 502 adult subjects with a regular physician and source of payment. Study Design. Based on a multidimensional conceptual model, a large pool of candidate items was generated, tested, and revised using focus groups, expert reviewers, and pilot testing. The scale was analyzed for its factor structure, internal consistency, construct validity, and other psychometric properties. Principal Findings. The resulting 11-item scale measuring trust in physicians generally is consistent with most aspects of the conceptual model except that it does not include the dimension of confidentiality. This scale has a single-factor structure, good internal consistency (alpha=.89), and good response variability (range=11,54; mean=33.5; SD=6.9). This scale is related to satisfaction with care, trust in one's physician, following doctors' recommendations, having no prior disputes with physicians, not having sought second opinions, and not having changed doctors. No association was found with race/ethnicity. While general trust and interpersonal trust are qualitatively similar, they are only moderately correlated with each other and general trust is substantially lower. Conclusions. Emerging research on patients' trust has focused on interpersonal trust in a specific, known physician. Trust in physicians in general is also important and differs significantly from interpersonal physician trust. General physician trust potentially has a strong influence on important behaviors and attitudes, and on the formation of interpersonal physician trust. [source] The Contemporary Professoriate: Towards a Diversified or Segmented Profession?HIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2007Nelly P. Stromquist On the empirical basis of six national studies (Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Denmark, Russia and South Africa), this paper examines the phenomenon of segmentation, defined as the solidification of deep hierarchies with little crossover between categories of institutions or individuals. The massification of higher education has brought about a great diversity of institutions and, concomitantly, stark differences among the professoriate. While the public sector has to some extent been able to protect its academic personnel, the for-profit sector is moving towards an unstable professoriate, poorly paid, hired mostly on a per-hour basis, and for whom sharing in academic governance is a distant dream. Some of this differentiation is emerging also within institutions and a new kind of academic who could be termed ,just-in-time knowledge worker' is on the rise. [source] Calvinist Internationalism and the English Officer Corps, 1562,1642HISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 6 2006David Trim This article uses a crucial but little-known text to examine two problematic issues in early-modern history: whether there was, in any meaningful sense, a ,Calvinist international'; and the extent to which religious commitment influenced career soldiers. The Defence of Militarie Profession (1579), by a Calvinist soldier, Geoffrey Gates, is rich on both issues and an excellent potential source for students. This article outlines how close reading reveals a transnational concept of the Reformed Churches as Israel, derived from a distinctive understanding and application of the Bible. Then, analysis of English military officers indicates that many were Calvinist and shared this internationalist concept of their confession. Thus, this essay argues that a ,Calvinist international' did exist as a conscious transnational movement and that its ideology was an important factor in the mental world of English career soldiers; and it introduces a text that students can use to explore these large issues. [source] Piety and Profession: American Protestant Theological Education, 1870,1970 by Glenn T. MillerHISTORY OF EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2009BRADLEY J. LONGFIELD First page of article [source] Situated Black Women's Voices in/on the Profession of PhilosophyHYPATIA, Issue 2 2008GEORGE YANCY First page of article [source] Situated Voices: Black Women in/on the Profession of PhilosophyHYPATIA, Issue 2 2008Article first published online: 9 JAN 200 First page of article [source] Building a Better Audit Profession: Align Incentives and Reduce RegulationACCOUNTING PERSPECTIVES, Issue 2 2008Karim Jamal First page of article [source] Competency-Based Education and Assessment for the Accounting Profession: A Critical Review,ACCOUNTING PERSPECTIVES, Issue 1 2003J. EFRIM BORITZ ABSTRACT In recent years many professional accounting associations have become interested in establishing competency-based professional requirements and assessment methods for certifying accounting professionals. A competency-based approach to qualification specifies expectations in terms of outcomes, or what an individual can accomplish, rather than in terms of an individual's knowledge or capabilities. This idea has an obvious appeal to many practitioners and administrators of professional qualification programs. However, there is limited knowledge about competency-based approaches in the accounting profession and among accounting academics, which is constraining discussion about the value of these approaches and about the strengths and weaknesses of the different competency models that have sprung up in various jurisdictions. In this paper we review and synthesize the literature on competency-based approaches. We identify a number of theoretical benefits of competency-based approaches. However, we also find many alternative definitions and philosophies underlying competency-based approaches, and a variety of visions of how competencies should be determined and assessed. We note that there is limited evidence supporting many competency-based approaches and we identify 14 research questions that could be used to help policy makers to more effectively address policy matters related to competency-based education and assessment. [source] Failure to Progress: The Contraction of the Midwifery ProfessionJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 2 2003Ann-Marie Steele No abstract is available for this article. [source] Integration through Distinction: German-Jewish Immigrants, the Legal Profession and Patterns of Bourgeois Culture in British-ruled Jewish Palestine1JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2006RAKEFET SELA-SHEFFY It argues that their accepted image as cultural aliens, based on their allegedly incompatible European-like bourgeois life-style, was propagated by both parties in this encounter, causing their marginalization and at the same time serving them as an important socio-cultural resource. Focusing on the field of the legal profession, it analyses the 1930's and the already emerging and highly-accepted patterns of a local middle-class civic culture (despite its rejection by the political discourse), which facilitated the advancement of an elite group of German-born lawyers in this field. [source] The Strategic Use of Demand-side Diversity Pressure in the Solicitors' ProfessionJOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 3 2010Joanne P. Braithwaite There has been a long line of official initiatives seeking to address the poor record of the solicitors' profession on diversity. One of the latest, the Law Society's 2009 Diversity Charter and Protocol, attempts to harness client pressure as a way of bringing about change. The objective of the paper is to assess this strategic use of ,demand-side diversity pressure' in the solicitors' profession, contextualizing the strategy and using different perspectives to assess it. The paper first considers the strategy as a development of ,business case' arguments for diversity and explores the implications of scholarly objections to this approach. Secondly, the paper uses empirical data from the City law firm sector to explore the nature and practical effects of demand-side diversity pressures within law firms. I conclude by considering the prospects of the Law Society's scheme having a meaningful effect, factoring in the possible effects of the ongoing global economic crisis. [source] Regulating Law Firm Ethics Management: An Empirical Assessment of an Innovation in Regulation of the Legal Profession in New South WalesJOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 3 2010Christine Parker The Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) was the first jurisdiction to fully deregulate law firm structure and allow alternative business structures in the legal profession. At the same time it also introduced an innovation in regulation of the legal profession, requiring that incorporated legal practices implement ,appropriate management systems' for ensuring the provision of legal services in compliance with professional ethical obligations. This paper presents a preliminary empirical evaluation of the impact of this attempt at ,management-based regulation'. We find that the NSW requirement that firms self-assess their ethics management leads to a large and statistically significant drop in complaints. The (self-assessed) level of implementation of ethics management infrastructure, however, does not make any difference. The relevance of these findings to debates about deprofessionalization, managerialism, and commercialism in the legal profession is discussed, and the NSW approach is distinguished from the more heavy-handed English legal aid approach to regulating law firm quality management. [source] Women Solicitors as a Barometer for Problems within the Legal Profession , Time to Put Values before Profits?JOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 3 2007Lisa Webley This article will consider the theoretical explanations for why women are not remaining within and progressing through the ranks of the solicitors' profession in England and Wales. It sets out the findings from a Law Society commissioned project to examine the reasons why women have had a break from practice or chosen to leave the profession. Finally, it considers whether one of the purported strategies used to empower women solicitors , the business case for equality of opportunity in the solicitors' profession , is actively working against women and the profession (more broadly), and that only a return to a wider values-based approach to professional identity will meet the criticisms raised by many of the women who participated in this research. [source] Assessing Competencies in Couples and Family Therapy/Counseling: A Call to the ProfessionJOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY, Issue 2 2010Linda M. Perosa Psychometrically sound measures of family therapy competencies are necessary to assess the effectiveness of training on student performance. This article critiques the self-report and observer rating measures developed to date to assess the clinical skills of trainees in the individual and in the family therapy fields. Suggestions are made to foster future instrument development specifically designed for the field of couples and family therapy/counseling. [source] Empowerment of Nursing as a Socially Significant Profession in VietnamJOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 3 2000Patricia S. Jones Purpose: To describe nursing education and practice in Vietnam, and strategies that support empowerment of nursing as a socially significant profession for that country. Design: The Jones-Meleis health empowerment model was used as a framework to examine barriers and identify strategies that support empowerment. Methods: Fieldwork, interviews, and participation-observation in collaborative partnerships with the Ministry of Health, the national nurses association, and schools of nursing in Vietnam. Findings: Nurses in Vietnam are eagerly poised to make significant and essential contributions to the well-being of society. Conclusions: Baccalaureate and master's degree nursing curricula taught by nurses are necessary for professionalization of nursing practice in Vietnam. [source] In My Opinion , Respecting Parent and Child Representation in the Legal ProfessionJUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006JUDGE CHRIS MELONAKIS First page of article [source] A Thoughtful Profession: The Early Years of the American Philosophical Association.METAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 4-5 2008By James Campbell First page of article [source] A Thoughtful Profession: The Early Years of the American Philosophical Association.METAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 4-5 2008By James Campbell First page of article [source] MLJ News & Notes of the ProfessionMODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006GABRIELA APPEL First page of article [source] MLJ News and Notes of the ProfessionMODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2004Gabriela Appel First page of article [source] The Market, the Firm, and the Economics ProfessionAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 5 2009Daniel Sutter The mathematical and statistical complexity of economic research increased remarkably over the past century. While criticisms of the trend abound, the "wisdom of crowds" argument creates a presumption that the profession's acceptance of increasing mathematical sophistication is a net improvement. I provide a contrasting "market failure" argument for the excessive mathematization of economics. Academic research is not a cash-based economy, and this limits economists' ability to contract for assistance with technical research. Consequently, production of mathematical and statistical research must use the firm,the department,instead of the market. This alters the composition of the faculty and ultimately the economics curriculum, and the resulting level of sophistication may be greater than optimal. [source] "We Seem to Have Always Spoken in Prose . . ." Policy Analysis Is a Clinical Profession: Implications for Policy Analysis Practice and InstructionPOLICY STUDIES JOURNAL, Issue 2 2007Iris Geva-May The purpose of this article is (i) to propose the concept of policy analysis as a clinical profession, (ii) to relate to the clinical intellectual processes involved in policy analysis, and (iii) following studies in other clinical disciplines, to infer implications for policy analysis and policy analysis instruction. The article will highlight notions of clinical reasoning and clinical cognitive processes relevant to policy analysis and will address reasoning errors associated with bounded rationality and uncertainty in the clinical analytic process. The article seeks to promote awareness of clinical notions and of their relevance for policy analysis practice and instruction. [source] Snake Oil, Ethics, and the First Amendment: What's a Profession to Do?AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 1 2002Sheila Suess Kennedy JD This article considers the appropriate legal and ethical response to those whose advocacy of "alternative" or unvalidated therapies places people at risk of harm. What are our professional responsibilities with respect to such advocacy, and what sorts of harm will justify government intervention? [source] Ladies of the Night: A Historical and Personal Perspective on the Oldest Profession in the WorldTHE JOURNAL OF POPULAR CULTURE, Issue 3 2009Elizabeth B. Christian No abstract is available for this article. [source] A Loss of Faith: The Sources of Reduced Political Legitimacy for the American Medical ProfessionTHE MILBANK QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2002Mark Schlesinger Writing at the beginning of the 20th century, Shaw identified one of the significant contemporary transformations in industrial democracies. In part as the result of advances in science and technology, in part as a rejection of the monopolistic abuses of industrialization, and in part as a consequence of assiduous efforts by the professions themselves, this was a period in which the legitimacy and social authority of professionals increased dramatically (Brint 1994; Krause 1996; Larson 1977; Sandel 1996). Nowhere was this more evident than in medicine. Over several decades, medicine changed from an occupation with a mixed reputation and little political influence into one that would "dominate both policy and lay perceptions of health problems" (Freidson 1994, 31). In a number of countries, the professional authority and political influence of physicians also rose during this era (Coburn, Torrance, and Kaufert 1983; Krause 1996; Stone 1980), most dramatically in the United States (Starr 1982). The political legitimacy and policymaking influence of the medical profession have greatly declined in American society over the past 30 years. Despite speculation about the causes, there has been little empirical research assessing the different explanations. To address this gap, data collected in 1995 are used to compare attitudes of the American public and policy elites toward medical authority. Statistical analyses reveal that (1) elites are more hostile to professional authority than is the public; (2) the sources of declining legitimacy are different for the public than they are for policy elites; and (3) the perceptions that most threaten the legitimacy of the medical profession pertain to doubts about professional competence, physicians' perceived lack of altruism, and limited confidence in the profession's political influence. This article concludes with some speculations about the future of professional authority in American medicine. [source] Public Roles for the Medical Profession in the United States: Beyond Theories of Decline and FallTHE MILBANK QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2001Rosemary A. Stevens The future role of national medical organizations as a moral voice in health policymaking in the United States deserves attention from both scholarly and strategic perspectives. Arguments for strengthening the public roles of organized professionalism include its long (if neglected) history of public service. Scholarship of the past 40 years has emphasized the decline of a profession imbued with self-interest, together with associated hteories of organizational conflict. Through new concepts and language, a different version of organized medicine from that of the past might be invented for the future,one that draws on multiple medical organizations, encourages more effective cooperation with other health care groups, and builds on traditional professional agendas through adaptation and extension. [source] |