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Productivity Change (productivity + change)
Selected AbstractsEFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY CHANGE IN THE ENGLISH HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR FROM 1996/97 TO 2004/5*THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 6 2008JILL JOHNES In this study we use a distance function approach to derive Malmquist productivity indexes for 112 English higher education institutions (HEIs) over the period 1996/97 to 2004/5. The analysis shows that HEIs have experienced an annual average increase in productivity of 1 per cent. Further investigation reveals that HEIs have enjoyed an annual average increase in technology of 6 per cent combined with a decrease in technical efficiency of 5 per cent. Rapid changes in the higher education sector appear to have had a positive effect on the technology of production but this has been achieved at the cost of lower technical efficiency. [source] X-Efficiency and Productivity Change in Australian BankingAUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS, Issue 2 2004Penny Neal This paper investigates X -efficiency and productivity change in Australian banking between 1995 and 1999 using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity indexes. It differs from earlier studies by examining efficiency by bank type, and finds that regional banks are less efficient than other bank types. The study concludes that diseconomies of scale set in very early and hence are not a sufficient basis on which to allow mergers between large banks to proceed. Total factor productivity in the banking sector was found to have increased by an average annual 7.6 per cent between 1995 and 1999. All of the productivity increase was due to technological advance shifting out the frontier. The banking sector's performance was less efficient relative to the frontier in 1999 than it had been in 1995. [source] Information Technology and Productivity Changes in the Banking IndustryECONOMIC NOTES, Issue 1 2007Luca Casolaro This paper analyses the effects of investment in information technologies (IT) in the financial sector using micro-data from a panel of 600 Italian banks over the period 1989,2000. Stochastic cost and profit functions are estimated allowing for individual banks' displacements from the best practice frontier and for non-neutral technological change. The results show that both cost and profit frontier shifts are strongly correlated with IT capital accumulation. Banks adopting IT capital-intensive techniques are also more efficient. On the whole, over the past decade IT capital-deepening contribution to total factor productivity growth of the Italian banking industry can be estimated in a range between 1.3 and 1.8 per cent per year. [source] Slave prices, the African slave trade, and productivity in the Caribbean, 1674,18071ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 4 2005DAVID ELTIS We draw wide-ranging implications about slave productivity change by making use of newly collected data on the prices paid for nearly 230,000 slaves as they arrived in the Americas from Africa between 1674 and 1807. Prices for the product that most slaves were destined to produce-sugar-are also available. Together the comprehensive series allow us to derive annual measures of average slave productivity and to compare productivity trends across different sectors of the Caribbean. Average productivity rose throughout the Caribbean, and the pattern of average productivity change across regions was similar, indicating an open slave market. These averages mask sharp differences in the growth of demand for slaves among regions, as reflected by their slave populations. Between 1700 and 1790 the increase in demand ranged from 90 per cent in Barbados to 600 per cent in Jamaica and Cuba; while total factor productivity overall may have doubled. The slave trade accommodated the rising demand. It also served to offset population attrition among the slaves. [source] Indicators and indexes of directional output loss and input allocative inefficiencyMANAGERIAL AND DECISION ECONOMICS, Issue 7 2008Hirofumi Fukuyama We extend Grosskopf et al.'s method and create an output loss indicator using directional output distance functions that allows non-radial efficiency gains in output. We compare our new output loss indicator with an indicator of input allocative inefficiency and derive the necessary and sufficient condition for equivalence between the two indicators. We also present an output loss index and corresponding input allocative inefficiency index and consider how indexes are related. Then we extend our analysis to productivity change and derive the necessary and sufficient condition for an output loss change indicator to be equivalent to an indicator of input allocative inefficiency change. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM CHINATHE DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, Issue 1 2006Sylviane GUILLAUMONT JEANNENEY O16; O47; R11 Financial development might lead to productivity improvement in developing countries. In the present study, based on the Data Envelopment Analysis approach, we use the Malmquist index to measure China's total factor productivity change and its two components (i.e., efficiency change and technical progress). We find that China has recorded an increase in total factor productivity from 1993 to 2001, and that productivity growth was mostly attributed to technical progress, rather than to improvement in efficiency. Moreover, using panel dataset covering 29 Chinese provinces over the period from 1993 to 2001 and applying the Generalized Method of Moment system estimation, we investigate the impact of financial development on productivity growth in China. Empirical results show that, during this period, financial development has significantly contributed to China's productivity growth, mainly through its favorable effect on efficiency. [source] ,LONG SLOW BOOM'?: MANUFACTURING IN NEW ZEALAND, 1945,70AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 1 2006Article first published online: 8 MAR 200, Jim McAloon industrialisation; management; New Zealand; productivity change Many studies of post-war New Zealand economy are highly critical both of economic policy and of the business sector, emphasising protection, complacency and sclerosis. This article argues that such accounts are excessively simplistic and, by analysing the structure and performance of New Zealand manufacturing during 1945,70, suggests that there was considerable innovation in both technological and organisational spheres. The result was that, to a greater extent than current accounts allow, New Zealand manufacturing pursued efficiency and international competitiveness. [source] X-Efficiency and Productivity Change in Australian BankingAUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS, Issue 2 2004Penny Neal This paper investigates X -efficiency and productivity change in Australian banking between 1995 and 1999 using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity indexes. It differs from earlier studies by examining efficiency by bank type, and finds that regional banks are less efficient than other bank types. The study concludes that diseconomies of scale set in very early and hence are not a sufficient basis on which to allow mergers between large banks to proceed. Total factor productivity in the banking sector was found to have increased by an average annual 7.6 per cent between 1995 and 1999. All of the productivity increase was due to technological advance shifting out the frontier. The banking sector's performance was less efficient relative to the frontier in 1999 than it had been in 1995. [source] Accounting for quality in the measurement of hospital performance: evidence from Costa RicaHEALTH ECONOMICS, Issue 7 2007Pablo Arocena Abstract This paper provides insights into how Costa Rican public hospitals responded to the pressure for increased efficiency and quality introduced by the reforms carried out over the period 1997,2001. To that purpose we compute a generalized output distance function by means of non-parametric mathematical programming to construct a productivity index, which accounts for productivity changes while controlling for quality of care. Our results show an improvement in hospital performance mainly driven by quality increases. The adoption of management contracts seems to have contributed to such enhancement, more notably for small hospitals. Further, productivity growth is primarily due to technical and scale efficiency change rather than technological change. A number of policy implications are drawn from these results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Labor Productivity in Western Europe 1975,1985: An Intercountry, Interindustry AnalysisJOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2000Erik Dietzenbacher Using intercountry input-output tables and disaggregated employment data, we decompose labor productivity growth between 1975 and 1985 in six Western European countries into partial effects of six determinants including changing international trade and changing final demand. To this end, new multiplicative decomposition formulas are derived and implemented. In a similar way, we study labor productivity changes in vertically integrated industries. The effects of structural change on convergence are investigated also. We see this paper as an attempt to merge the convergence literature with earlier single-country productivity-change decompositions using input-output data. [source] A Richer Understanding of Australia's Productivity Performance in the 1990s: Improved Estimates Based Upon Firm-Level Panel Data,THE ECONOMIC RECORD, Issue 265 2008ROBERT BREUNIG Australian industry is characterised by differences across firms, entry of new firms and exit of unsuccessful firms. These facts highlight the inappropriateness of measuring productivity using aggregate production functions based upon representative firms. In this study, we model heterogeneous firms which change over time. We model the interrelationship between productivity shocks, input choices and decisions to cease production. Firm-level data provides production function estimates for 25 two-digit Australian industries. A new aggregation method for industry-level data allows us to separate productivity changes from output composition changes. Our study sheds new light on the Australian productivity performance. [source] Comparative transcriptome analysis to unveil genes affecting recombinant protein productivity in mammalian cellsBIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING, Issue 1 2009Joon Chong Yee Abstract Low temperature culture (33°C) has been shown to enhance the specific productivity of recombinant antibodies in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells but did not affect antibody productivity in hybridoma (MAK) cells. We probed the transcriptional response of both cells undergoing temperature shift using cDNA microarrays. Among the orthologous gene probes, common trends in the expression changes between CHO and MAK are not prominent. Instead, many transcriptional changes were specific to only one cell line. Notably, oxidative phosphorylation and ribosomal genes were downregulated in MAK but not in CHO. Conversely, several protein trafficking genes and cytoskeleton elements were upregulated in CHO but remained unchanged in MAK. Interestingly, at 33°C, immunoglobulin heavy and light chain showed no significant changes in CHO, but the immunoglobulin light chain was downregulated in MAK. Overall, a clear distinction in the transcriptional response to low temperature was seen in the two cell lines. To further elucidate the set of genes responsible for increased antibody productivity, the expression data of low temperature cultures was compared to that of butyrate treatment which increased specific antibody productivity in both cell lines. Genes which are commonly differentially expressed under conditions that increased productivity are likely to reflect functional classes that are important in the productivity changes. This comparative transcriptome analysis suggests that vesicle trafficking, endocytosis and cytoskeletal elements are involved in increased specific antibody productivity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 246,263. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||