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Production Data (production + data)
Selected AbstractsBetweenIT: An Interactive Tool for Tight InbetweeningCOMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 2 2010Brian Whited Abstract The generation of inbetween frames that interpolate a given set of key frames is a major component in the production of a 2D feature animation. Our objective is to considerably reduce the cost of the inbetweening phase by offering an intuitive and effective interactive environment that automates inbetweening when possible while allowing the artist to guide, complement, or override the results. Tight inbetweens, which interpolate similar key frames, are particularly time-consuming and tedious to draw. Therefore, we focus on automating these high-precision and expensive portions of the process. We have designed a set of user-guided semi-automatic techniques that fit well with current practice and minimize the number of required artist-gestures. We present a novel technique for stroke interpolation from only two keys which combines a stroke motion constructed from logarithmic spiral vertex trajectories with a stroke deformation based on curvature averaging and twisting warps. We discuss our system in the context of a feature animation production environment and evaluate our approach with real production data. [source] STRATEGIC BEHAVIORS TOWARD ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION: A CASE OF TRUCKING INDUSTRYCONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 1 2007TERENCE LAM We used trucking industry's response to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's acceleration of 2004 diesel emissions standards as a case study to examine the importance of accounting for regulatees' strategic behaviors in drafting of environmental regulations. Our analysis of the time series data of aggregate U.S. and Canada heavy-duty truck production data from 1992 through 2003 found that heavy-duty trucks production increased by 20%,23% in the 6 mo prior to the date of compliance. The increases might be due to truck operators pre-buying trucks with less expensive but noncompliant engines and behaving strategically in anticipation of other uncertainties. (JEL L51, Q25) [source] Using Taylor Rules to Understand European Central Bank Monetary PolicyGERMAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 3 2007Stephan Sauer Taylor rule; European Central Bank; real-time data Abstract. Over the last decade, the simple instrument policy rule developed by Taylor has become a popular tool for evaluating the monetary policy of central banks. As an extensive empirical analysis of the European Central Bank's (ECB) past behaviour still seems to be in its infancy, we estimate several instrument policy reaction functions for the ECB to shed some light on actual monetary policy in the euro area under the presidency of Wim Duisenberg and answer questions like whether the ECB has actually followed a stabilizing or a destabilizing rule so far. Looking at contemporaneous Taylor rules, the evidence presented suggests that the ECB is accommodating changes in inflation and hence follows a destabilizing policy. However, this impression seems to be largely due to the lack of a forward-looking perspective in such specifications. Either assuming rational expectations and using a forward-looking specification, or using expectations as derived from surveys result in Taylor rules that do imply a stabilizing role of the ECB. The use of real-time industrial production data does not seem to play such a significant role as in the case of the United States. [source] Incorporating movement into models of grey seal population dynamicsJOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2006PHILIP J. HARRISON Summary 1One of the most difficult problems in developing spatially explicit models of population dynamics is the validation and parameterization of the movement process. We show how movement models derived from capture,recapture analysis can be improved by incorporating them into a spatially explicit metapopulation model that is fitted to a time series of abundance data. 2We applied multisite capture,recapture analysis techniques to photo-identification data collected from female grey seals at the four main breeding colonies in the North Sea between 1999 and 2001. The best-fitting movement models were then incorporated into state-space metapopulation models that explicitly accounted for demographic and observational stochasticity. 3These metapopulation models were fitted to a 20-year time series of pup production data for each colony using a Bayesian approach. The best-fitting model, based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), had only a single movement parameter, whose confidence interval was 82% less than that obtained from the capture,recapture study, but there was some support for a model that included an effect of distance between colonies. 4The state-space modelling provided improved estimates of other demographic parameters. 5The incorporation of movement, and the way in which it was modelled, affected both local and regional dynamics. These differences were most evident as colonies approached their carrying capacities, suggesting that our ability to discriminate between models should improve as the length of the grey seal time series increases. [source] Mn-peroxidase production by Panus tigrinus CBS 577.79: response surface optimisation and bioreactor comparisonJOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Daniele Quaratino Abstract This study reports the statistical optimisation through response surface methodology of the growth medium for Panus tigrinus manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) production in shaken culture. Three crucial variables, including carbon source, malonic acid and Mn2+, were optimised in a nitrogen-limited medium. Sucrose was the best carbon source for MnP production. Mn2+ ions and malonic acid significantly stimulated MnP production at an optimal concentration of 53 mg dm,3 and 8.2 mmol dm,3, respectively, resulting in 0.83 U cm,3. Further experiments were performed in lab-scale stirred tank (STR) and bubble-column (BCR) reactors using the previously optimised liquid medium. BCR proved to be more adequate than STR in supporting MnP production, leading to 3700 U dm,3 after 144 h with a productivity of 25.7 U dm,3 h,1. On a comparative basis with other production data in lab-scale reactors, these results appear to be compatible with scale transfer. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Banning subtherapeutic antibiotics in U.S. swine production: a simulation of impacts on industry structureAGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009Michael G. Hogberg Recent discussions of a subtherapeutic antibiotic ban in U.S. livestock gives rise to much speculation regarding industry impacts. Swine producers are heterogeneous; thus, a ban on subtherapeutic antibiotics could affect producers of different sizes, cost structures, different production systems and management styles differently. The authors combine average cost data with physical production data to simulate the impact of a subtherapeutic antibiotics ban on high, middle, and low-cost producers in different types of swine production operations. Their results suggest that although economies of scale would still be important, the ban would potentially limit or reduce economies of scale in the swine industry. [JEL Codes: L11, Q12, Q13]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] THE LACUSTRINE LIANGJIALOU FAN IN THE DONGYING DEPRESSION, EASTERN CHINA: DEEP-WATER RESERVOIR SANDSTONES IN A NON-MARINE RIFT BASINJOURNAL OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY, Issue 4 2005Jin Qiang A lacustrine fan covering an area of about 175sq. km has been identified in the Liangjialou area in the SW of the Dongying Depression, a Tertiary non-marine rift basin in eastern China. Fluvial and deltaic sandstones are established reservoir rocks in the basin, and the deep-water sandstones of the fan succession, which are assigned to Member 3 of the lower Tertiary Shahejie Formation, are also thought to have important reservoir potential. Available data for this study included some 800m of core from 16 wells, well-log data from 426 wells, and 220 sq.km of 3D surveys together with well-test and other production data. From geomorphological reconstructions of the fan, we distinguish first-order (major) fan channels from second-order branched and more distal tip channels. Crevasse splays and overbank shales occur between channels, and sandstone lobes were deposited at channel mouths. Conglomeratic sandstones deposited in major channels are probably the most promising reservoir facies (average porosity c. 20%; average permeability > 1D). Fan construction took place during a single complete cycle of lake level variation which was composed of several sub-cycles. During initial highstand conditions, the fan was dominated by small-scale branched and tip channels and intervening sandy lobes. Fan size increased rapidly during the following lowstand, and then decreased during the ensuing highstand. [source] Explaining the "Natural Order of L2 Morpheme Acquisition" in English: A Meta-analysis of Multiple DeterminantsLANGUAGE LEARNING, Issue S1 2005Jennifer M. Goldschneider This meta-analysis pools data from 25 years of research on the order of acquisition of English grammatical morphemes by students of English as a second language (ESL). Some researchers have posited a "natural" order of acquisition common to all ESL learners, but no single cause has been shown for this phenomenon. Our study investigated whether a combination of 5 determinants (perceptual salience, semantic complexity, morphophonological regularity, syntactic category, and frequency) accounts for the variance in acquisition order. Oral production data from 12 studies, together involving 924 participants, were pooled to obtain weighted accuracy scores for each of 6 grammatical functors. Results of a multiple-regression analysis showed that a large portion of the total variance in acquisition order was explained by the combination of the 5 determinants. Several of these determinants, it was argued, can be seen as part of a broad conceptualization of salience. Since the article was originally published, a number of meta-analyses have appeared in the applied linguistics literature (e.g., Masgoret & Gardner, 2003; Norris & Ortega, 2000; Ortega, 2003), and a book on meta-analysis in applied linguistics research is forthcoming (Norris & Ortega, in press). Meanwhile, research on the acquisition of Hebrew as a second language has begun to provide cross-linguistic evidence for how different aspects of salience contribute to ease or difficulty of second language acquisition (DeKeyser, Alfi-Shabtay, Ravid, & Shi, 2005) and how salience interacts with age of learning (DeKeyser, Ravid, & Alfi-Shabtay, 2005). [source] Explaining the "Natural Order of L2 Morpheme Acquisition" in English: A Meta-analysis of Multiple DeterminantsLANGUAGE LEARNING, Issue 1 2001Jennifer M. Goldschneider Some researchers have posited a &;ldquo;natural&;rdquo; order of acquisition of English grammatical morphemes common to all learners of English as a second language, but no single cause has been shown for this phenomenon. This meta-analysis investigated whether a combination of five determinants (perceptual salience, semantic complexity, morphophonological regularity, syntactic category, and frequency) accounts for a large part of the total variance found in acquisition order. Oral production data from 12 studies over almost 25 years, together involving 924 subjects, were pooled. Multiple regression analysis showed that a very large portion of the total variance in acquisition order is explained by the combination of the five determinants. We suggest research on other potential contributing factors and discuss the need for similar research in other languages. [source] A Disaggregated Markov-Switching Model of the Business Cycle in UK ManufacturingTHE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 4 2000Hans-Martin Krolzig Exploring index of production data for six major UK manufacturing sectors, we investigate the interaction of the UK business cycle with changes in the industrial structure of the UK economy during the last three decades. We propose a Markov-switching vector equilibrium correction model with three regimes representing recession, normal growth and high growth. The regime shifts simultaneously affect the common growth rate and the sectoral equilibrium allocation of industrial production. In contrast to previous investigations, a common cycle can be uncovered which is closely related to traditional datings of the UK business cycle. [source] Climate change impacts on investment in crop sowing machinery,AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2009Ross Kingwell A model of investment in crop sowing machinery is applied to wheat production under current and projected climatic conditions at several locations in south-western Australia. The model includes yield responses to time of sowing at each location given current and projected climatic conditions. These yield relationships are based on wheat growth simulation modelling that in turn draws on data from a down-scaled global circulation model. Wheat price distributions and cost of production data at each location, in combination with the time of sowing yield relationships are used to determine a farmer's optimal investment in crop sowing work rate under each climate regime. The key finding is that the impacts of climate change on profit distributions are often marked, yet mostly modest changes in investment in work rate form part of the profit-maximising response to climate change. The investment response at high versus low rainfall locations mostly involves increases and decreases in work rates, respectively. However, changes to investment in work rate within a broadly similar rainfall region are not always uniform. The impacts of climate change on investments in work rate at a particular location are shown to require knowledge of several factors, especially how climate change alters the pattern of yield response to the time of sowing at that location. [source] Multivariate data analysis on historical IPV production data for better process understanding and future improvementsBIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING, Issue 1 2010Yvonne E. Thomassen Abstract Historical manufacturing data can potentially harbor a wealth of information for process optimization and enhancement of efficiency and robustness. To extract useful data multivariate data analysis (MVDA) using projection methods is often applied. In this contribution, the results obtained from applying MVDA on data from inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) production runs are described. Data from over 50 batches at two different production scales (700-L and 1,500-L) were available. The explorative analysis performed on single unit operations indicated consistent manufacturing. Known outliers (e.g., rejected batches) were identified using principal component analysis (PCA). The source of operational variation was pinpointed to variation of input such as media. Other relevant process parameters were in control and, using this manufacturing data, could not be correlated to product quality attributes. The gained knowledge of the IPV production process, not only from the MVDA, but also from digitalizing the available historical data, has proven to be useful for troubleshooting, understanding limitations of available data and seeing the opportunity for improvements. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 96,104. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||