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Product Prices (product + price)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	50%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	41%

Selected Abstracts

The impact of environmental information on professional purchasers' choice of products

BUSINESS STRATEGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Issue 6 2007
Gunne Grankvist
Abstract Professional food purchasers are an important group of people since they influence what alternatives of a food product consumers will have the possibility to choose between. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inclination among professional purchasers to choose food products associated with more benign environmental consequences. ,,Information about product price, total use of energy, emission of greenhouse gases and use of pesticides associated with production and consumption of one kilogram of minced beef and fresh apples was varied systematically in order to study the relative influence on product preference. Product price was found to influence product preference more than any of the three environmentally related factors. Introduction of a labeling system that indicated whether the environmental impacts associated with a food product during its life cycle were ,better' or ,worse' than an average product partly increased the effect of environmental information. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source]

Does the introduction of the Euro have an effect on subjective hypotheses about the price-quality relationship?

JOURNAL OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR, Issue 3 2006
Günter Molz
Product prices are often considered to be an indicator for quality. In our experiment we focussed on the question if consumers' hypotheses can be biased by exchanging the digits on price displays due to currency changes. We found that high numbers in a price expressed in terms of a currency with a relatively low value (German Mark) lead to a higher perceived quality level than an equivalent price expressed in terms of relatively high listed currency (Euro). Contrary to our expectations we could not prove that this effect is stronger for premium than for low-budget products. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Impact of Price Postponement on Capacity and Flexibility Investment Decisions

PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2006
Stephan Biller
Investments in dedicated and flexible capacity have traditionally been based on demand forecasts obtained under the assumption of a predetermined product price. However, the impact on revenue of poor capacity and flexibility decisions can be mitigated by appropriately changing prices. While investment decisions need to be made years before demand is realized, pricing decisions can easily be postponed until product launch, when more accurate demand information is available. We study the effect of this price decision delay on the optimal investments on dedicated and flexible capacity. Computational experiments show that considering price postponement at the planning stage leads to a large reduction in capacity investments, especially in the more expensive flexible capacity, and a significant increase in profits. Its impact depends on demand correlation, elasticity and diversion, ratio of fixed to variable capacity costs, and uncertainty remaining at the times the pricing and production decisions are made. [source]

A conceptual model of perceived customer value in e-commerce: A preliminary investigation

PSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, Issue 4 2003
Zhan Chen
This article presents an exploratory study of a conceptual model of perceived customer value in a business-to-consumer e-commerce setting. Key precursors of perceived customer value included in the model are valence of on-line shopping experience, perceived product quality, perceived risk, and product price. Relationships among these variables (as well as mediating variables) and their relationship to on-line shoppers' value perceptions are explored. The theoretical framework proposed in this work expands on previous efforts on perceived customer value by including new variables relevant to an e-commerce setting and by integrating several key variables into one model. The preliminary findings lead to several implications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

The impact of environmental information on professional purchasers' choice of products

Jobs, Houses, and Trees: Changing Regional Structure, Local Land-Use Patterns, and Forest Cover in Southern Indiana

GROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2003
Darla K. Munroe
Land-use and -cover change is a topic of increasing concern as interest in forest and agricultural land preservation grows. Urban and residential land use is quickly replacing extractive land use in southern Indiana. The interaction between land quality and urban growth pressures is also causing secondary forest growth and forest clearing to occur jointly in a complex spatial pattern. It is argued that similar processes fuel the abandonment of agricultural land leading to private forest regrowth, changes in topography and land quality, and declining real farm product prices. However, the impact of urban growth and development on forests depends more strongly on changes in both the residential housing and labor markets. Using location quotient analysis of aggregate employment patterns, and the relationship between regional labor market changes, the extent of private forest cover was examined from 1967 to 1998. Then an econometric model of land-use shares in forty southern Indiana counties was developed based on the net benefits to agriculture, forestland, and urban uses. To test the need to control explicitly for changes in residential demand and regional economic structure, a series of nested models was estimated. Some evidence was found that changing agricultural profitability is leading to private forest regrowth. It was also uncovered that the ratio of urban to forest land uses is better explained by incorporating measures of residential land value and industrial concentration than simply considering population density alone. [source]

Jet fuel squeezed as gasoil demand booms

OIL AND ENERGY TRENDS, Issue 6 2005
Article first published online: 15 JUN 200
As the US summer gasoline season begins (see 'The Month in Brief') it is not gasoline but middle distillate that is driving product prices in that country. Fears of a heating oil shortage next winter have pushed the price of heating oil above that of motor spirit. Diesel prices have been above those of gasoline for several weeks. Strong demand for diesel and heating oil is predicted for the rest of the year, and US refiners will have to try and structure their operations so as to maximize their output of these two fuels whilst still continuing to keep the world's largest gasoline market adequately supplied. The main effect of these attempts to squeeze more gasoline, diesel and heating oil from the crude oil barrel is likely to be experienced by the product that lies in the middle: jet kerosine. [source]

The economic cost of low domestic product prices in OPEC Member Countries

OPEC ENERGY REVIEW, Issue 2 2000
Nadir Gürer
The present state of subsidies on major oil products (gasoline, kerosene, diesel and fuel oil) in OPEC Member Countries is analysed, in order to quantify their economic cost, keeping in mind the importance of reforming or gradually removing subsidies as one of the crucial economic challenges facing many Member Countries. The paper begins with a general definition and description of subsidies, then discusses briefly the key issues in reforming/removing them, with the potential benefits. Following a section on subsidy level estimations in recent years, the subsidy implications in terms of the accruing budget burden and foregone revenues from additional export potential are presented. This is together with some arguments supporting the process of adjustment towards internationally competitive prices for oil products as an inescapable development for Member Countries; this should progress in gradual, but firm steps. [source]

The Welfare Effects of the National Cooperative Research Act (NCRA) of 1984 and the National Cooperative Production Amendments (NCPA) of 1993

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 5 2007
Yi Liu
Cooperative R&D and production joint ventures may enable firms to achieve significant cost efficiencies. However, they can also be a means of controlling industry output and raising product prices. A review of the literature on the welfare implications of allowing rival firms to cooperate in the R&D and production stages indicates that the issue is controversial from a theoretical perspective. There is need to examine the motivations of R&D and production joint ventures in order to assess the welfare implications of the National Cooperative Research Act (NCRA) of 1984 and National Cooperative Production Amendments (NCPA) of 1993, which relaxed the antitrust treatment of R&D and production joint ventures. Using samples of 127 cooperative R&D joint ventures and 342 cooperative production joint ventures announced by U.S. domestic firms during 1979,1999, this article finds that these endeavors do not meet the criteria for collusive behavior specified by the market power doctrine. We interpret these findings as suggesting that cooperative R&D and production joint ventures are motivated by cost efficiencies and are, therefore, welfare enhancing. Our results pose some challenges to the doctrine that antitrust actions by regulatory authorities are always welfare improving. [source]

On the Future of Keynesian Economics

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 3 2004
Struggling to Sustain a Dimming Light
Keynesianism continues to lose its dominance in macroeconomics. New Keynesians attempt to rescue it from irrelevance with models recognizing (1) the noninstantaneous adjustment of product prices, (2) imperfect knowledge, and (3) nonclearing labor markets. But these are conditions recognized in classical macroeconomics. The new, post-, and neoclassical Keynesians also seem to be unaware that the five principal pillars upon which Keynes founded his economics, including his conception of saving, the multiplier process, and theory of interest, are badly flawed. Confronting evidence of these flaws will turn the future of Keynesianism into one of a struggle to sustain a dimming light. [source]

Spatial duopoly with triangular markets*

PAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2005
Jyh-Fa Tsai
Hotelling model; triangular market; duopoly Abstract., This article develops a duopoly model in which consumers are uniformly distributed along three sides (streets) of a triangular park and each consumer walks across the park in the shortest way to the lowest-price firm to buy one unit of a product. Two important findings emerge from our analysis. First, both firms choose location adjustment rather than price-cutting as a competition strategy to pursue their maximum profit. Second, asymmetric triangular markets provide more advantage to the firms than do symmetric ones. The intuition of this result is that each firm's monopoly power increases as the degree of asymmetry increases; firms can therefore raise their product prices in order to increase their profit. [source]

Investment planning under uncertainty and flexibility: the case of a purchasable sales contract*

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2008
Oliver Musshoff
Investment decisions are not only characterised by irreversibility and uncertainty but also by flexibility with regard to the timing of the investment. This paper describes how stochastic simulation can be successfully integrated into a backward recursive programming approach in the context of flexible investment planning. We apply this hybrid approach to a marketing question from primary production which can be viewed as an investment problem: should grain farmers purchase sales contracts which guarantee fixed product prices over the next 10 years? The model results support the conclusion from dynamic investment theory that it is essential to take simultaneously account of uncertainty and flexibility. [source]