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Problems

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences27%
Engineering18%
Mathematics and Statistics10%
Humanities and Social Sciences9%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting8%
Life Sciences6%
Chemistry5%
Psychology4%
Information Science and Computing2%
Earth and Environmental Science2%
4 Other Domains9%

Kinds of Problems

  • above-mentioned problem
  • abuse problem
  • academic problem
  • access problem
  • accuracy problem
  • action problem
  • additional problem
  • address problem
  • addressed problem
  • addressing problem
  • adjustment problem
  • adult problem
  • advection problem
  • adverse selection problem
  • agency problem
  • agent problem
  • airway problem
  • alcohol problem
  • alcohol-related problem
  • allocation problem
  • analogous problem
  • analysis problem
  • analytical problem
  • and alcohol problem
  • another problem
  • anxiety problem
  • assignment problem
  • attention problem
  • auxiliary problem
  • basic problem
  • behavior problem
  • behavioral problem
  • behaviour problem
  • behavioural problem
  • benchmark problem
  • bending problem
  • bicriteria problem
  • big problem
  • biological problem
  • body problem
  • boundary problem
  • boundary value problem
  • boundary-value problem
  • bowel problem
  • buckling problem
  • caesar problem
  • cardiac problem
  • care problem
  • cauchy problem
  • cause problem
  • cavity problem
  • central problem
  • certain problem
  • challenging problem
  • chemical problem
  • child behavior problem
  • child behaviour problem
  • child problem
  • childhood behaviour problem
  • childhood problem
  • children behaviour problem
  • choice problem
  • chronic health problem
  • chronic problem
  • classic problem
  • classical problem
  • classification problem
  • client problem
  • clinical problem
  • cognitive problem
  • collective action problem
  • coloring problem
  • combinatorial optimization problem
  • combinatorial problem
  • commitment problem
  • common clinical problem
  • common health problem
  • common medical problem
  • common mental health problem
  • common problem
  • communication problem
  • complementarity problem
  • complex mental health problem
  • complex problem
  • complicated problem
  • computational problem
  • concentration problem
  • conceptual problem
  • concrete problem
  • conduct problem
  • conduction problem
  • congestion problem
  • conservation problem
  • considerable problem
  • consolidation problem
  • constrained optimization problem
  • constraint satisfaction problem
  • contact problem
  • continuing problem
  • continuous problem
  • control problem
  • controller design problem
  • convection problem
  • convection-diffusion problem
  • convergence problem
  • convex optimization problem
  • coordination problem
  • core problem
  • cosmetic problem
  • coupled problem
  • crack problem
  • critical problem
  • crucial problem
  • current problem
  • dam problem
  • data problem
  • decision problem
  • decision-making problem
  • deformation problem
  • dental problem
  • dermatologic problem
  • design optimization problem
  • design problem
  • detection problem
  • development problem
  • developmental problem
  • diabetic foot problem
  • diagnostic problem
  • different problem
  • difficult management problem
  • difficult problem
  • diffusion problem
  • direct problem
  • dirichlet problem
  • discipline problem
  • disconnection problem
  • discrete problem
  • discrimination problem
  • disease problem
  • disposal problem
  • disruptive behaviour problem
  • distortion problem
  • distribution problem
  • docking problem
  • drinking problem
  • drug and alcohol problem
  • drug problem
  • drug-related problem
  • dual problem
  • dynamic optimization problem
    		•
  • dynamic problem
  • dynamics problem
  • ear problem
  • eating problem
  • ecological problem
  • econometric problem
  • economic problem
  • educational problem
  • eigenvalue problem
  • elastic problem
  • elasticity problem
  • elastodynamic problem
  • elastoplastic problem
  • elastostatic problem
  • electromagnetic problem
  • electromagnetic scattering problem
  • element problem
  • elliptic boundary value problem
  • elliptic problem
  • emerging problem
  • emotional problem
  • endogeneity problem
  • enforcement problem
  • engineering problem
  • environmental problem
  • epistemological problem
  • equilibrium problem
  • equivalent problem
  • estimation problem
  • ethical problem
  • evolution problem
  • example problem
  • existing problem
  • experience problem
  • externalizing behavior problem
  • externalizing behaviour problem
  • externalizing problem
  • eye problem
  • face problem
  • facility location problem
  • family problem
  • feasibility problem
  • feeding problem
  • fertility problem
  • fewer problem
  • field problem
  • filtering problem
  • financial problem
  • first problem
  • flow problem
  • fluid dynamics problem
  • fluid flow problem
  • fluid mechanic problem
  • foot problem
  • forward problem
  • fracture mechanic problem
  • fracture problem
  • free boundary problem
  • free-boundary problem
  • free-rider problem
  • frequent problem
  • frictional contact problem
  • fsi problem
  • functional problem
  • fundamental problem
  • future problem
  • gambling problem
  • gastrointestinal problem
  • general problem
  • generalized eigenvalue problem
  • genetic problem
  • global health problem
  • global optimization problem
  • global problem
  • global public health problem
  • governance problem
  • greater problem
  • growing problem
  • growing public health problem
  • hazard problem
  • health care problem
  • health problem
  • healthcare problem
  • hearing problem
  • heat conduction problem
  • heat transfer problem
  • helmholtz problem
  • hold-up problem
  • housing problem
  • identification problem
  • ill-posed problem
  • ill-structured problem
  • impact problem
  • implementation problem
  • important clinical problem
  • important health problem
  • important problem
  • important public health problem
  • incentive problem
  • incompressible flow problem
  • incompressible problem
  • increasing health problem
  • increasing problem
  • individual problem
  • industrial problem
  • inference problem
  • infertility problem
  • information problem
  • inherent problem
  • initial boundary value problem
  • initial value problem
  • initial-boundary value problem
  • initial-boundary-value problem
  • initial-value problem
  • insight problem
  • integer programming problem
  • interaction problem
  • interesting problem
  • interface problem
  • internal problem
  • internalizing behaviour problem
  • internalizing problem
  • interpersonal problem
  • interpolation problem
  • interpretive problem
  • intersection problem
  • intractable problem
  • inverse problem
  • inverse scattering problem
  • inversion problem
  • investment problem
  • key problem
  • knapsack problem
  • laplace problem
  • large problem
  • large scale problem
  • large-scale problem
  • larger problem
  • latter problem
  • learning problem
  • legal problem
  • life-threatening problem
  • limit analysis problem
  • linear complementarity problem
  • linear elasticity problem
  • linear elastostatic problem
  • linear problem
  • linear programming problem
  • linearized problem
  • local problem
    		•
  • location problem
  • logical problem
  • long-standing problem
  • long-term problem
  • longstanding problem
  • lot-sizing problem
  • machine scheduling problem
  • main problem
  • maintenance problem
  • major clinical problem
  • major global health problem
  • major health problem
  • major problem
  • major public health problem
  • management problem
  • many problem
  • marital problem
  • master problem
  • matching problem
  • maximization problem
  • measurement problem
  • mechanic problem
  • mechanical problem
  • median problem
  • medical problem
  • memory problem
  • mental health problem
  • mental problem
  • methodological problem
  • minimization problem
  • minor problem
  • mixed boundary value problem
  • mixed problem
  • mobility problem
  • model problem
  • model reduction problem
  • modelling problem
  • moral hazard problem
  • moral problem
  • motor problem
  • moving boundary problem
  • multi-objective optimization problem
  • multiobjective optimization problem
  • multiple problem
  • musculoskeletal problem
  • network design problem
  • network flow problem
  • network problem
  • neumann problem
  • neurological problem
  • new problem
  • non-identity problem
  • non-linear problem
  • non-linear programming problem
  • nonlinear optimal control problem
  • nonlinear problem
  • nonlinear programming problem
  • novel problem
  • np-complete problem
  • np-hard problem
  • numerical problem
  • numerous problem
  • nutritional problem
  • objective optimization problem
  • obstacle problem
  • of problem
  • old problem
  • one problem
  • one-dimensional problem
  • open problem
  • optimal control problem
  • optimisation problem
  • optimization problem
  • oral health problem
  • oral problem
  • organizational problem
  • original problem
  • orthopaedic problem
  • other health problem
  • other mental health problem
  • other problem
  • output regulation problem
  • outstanding problem
  • own problem
  • packing problem
  • parabolic problem
  • parameter estimation problem
  • parameter identification problem
  • parameter optimization problem
  • parenting problem
  • particular problem
  • partitioning problem
  • path problem
  • patient problem
  • peer problem
  • peer relationship problem
  • perceived problem
  • performance problem
  • perinatal problem
  • persistent problem
  • personal problem
  • phase problem
  • philosophical problem
  • physical health problem
  • physical problem
  • physiological problem
  • plane problem
  • planning problem
  • plate bending problem
  • plate problem
  • point problem
  • poisson problem
  • policy problem
  • political problem
  • portfolio selection problem
  • pose problem
  • possible problem
  • postoperative problem
  • potential problem
  • practical problem
  • prediction problem
  • present problem
  • present special problem
  • presenting problem
  • pressing problem
  • prevalent problem
  • primal problem
  • primary problem
  • processing problem
  • programming problem
  • project scheduling problem
  • propagation problem
  • psychiatric problem
  • psychological problem
  • psychosocial problem
  • psychosomatic problem
  • public health problem
  • public problem
  • quadratic eigenvalue problem
  • quality problem
  • radiation problem
  • ranking problem
  • reading problem
  • real problem
  • realistic problem
  • reconstruction problem
  • reduction problem
  • regression problem
  • regulation problem
  • relate health problem
    		•
  • relate problem
  • relationship problem
  • relevant problem
  • reliability problem
  • reported problem
  • reproductive health problem
  • reproductive problem
  • research problem
  • resistance problem
  • resource problem
  • respiratory problem
  • response problem
  • riemann problem
  • riemann-hilbert problem
  • robust output regulation problem
  • robust stabilization problem
  • routing problem
  • saddle point problem
  • safety problem
  • salesman problem
  • same problem
  • sample problem
  • satisfaction problem
  • scalability problem
  • scale problem
  • scattering problem
  • scheduling problem
  • school problem
  • search problem
  • second problem
  • security problem
  • seepage problem
  • selected problem
  • selection problem
  • separation problem
  • serious clinical problem
  • serious environmental problem
  • serious health problem
  • serious medical problem
  • serious mental health problem
  • serious problem
  • serious public health problem
  • several problem
  • several test problem
  • severe problem
  • sexual health problem
  • sexual problem
  • shortest path problem
  • significant clinical problem
  • significant health problem
  • significant problem
  • significant public health problem
  • similar problem
  • simple problem
  • simulation problem
  • size problem
  • skin problem
  • sleep problem
  • sleeping problem
  • social problem
  • societal problem
  • solid mechanic problem
  • solidification problem
  • solubility problem
  • solving problem
  • somatic problem
  • special problem
  • specific clinical problem
  • specific problem
  • spectral problem
  • speech problem
  • stability problem
  • stabilization problem
  • standard problem
  • standard test problem
  • state problem
  • static problem
  • stationary problem
  • statistical problem
  • stefan problem
  • stochastic problem
  • strain problem
  • stress problem
  • structural problem
  • structure interaction problem
  • student problem
  • subsequent problem
  • substance abuse problem
  • substance use problem
  • surgical problem
  • synthesis problem
  • system problem
  • systemic problem
  • taxonomic problem
  • technical problem
  • technological problem
  • test problem
  • testing problem
  • theoretical problem
  • therapeutic problem
  • thought problem
  • three-dimensional problem
  • time problem
  • time-dependent problem
  • total problem
  • tracking control problem
  • tracking problem
  • tract problem
  • traffic assignment problem
  • transfer problem
  • transient problem
  • transmission problem
  • transport problem
  • transportation problem
  • traveling salesman problem
  • treatment problem
  • tree problem
  • two-dimensional problem
  • two-point boundary value problem
  • type problem
  • underlying problem
  • unexpected problem
  • unit commitment problem
  • unresolved problem
  • unsolved problem
  • urban problem
  • use problem
  • validity problem
  • value problem
  • variational problem
  • variety of problem
  • various problem
  • vehicle routing problem
  • viscous flow problem
  • vision problem
  • visual problem
  • voice problem
  • water problem
  • water quality problem
  • wave problem
  • wave propagation problem
  • weight problem
  • welfare problem
  • well-known problem
  • wicked problem
  • widespread problem
  • worldwide health problem
  • worldwide problem
  • worldwide public health problem

    • Terms modified by Problems

  • problem analysis
  • problem area
  • problem behavior
  • problem behaviour
  • problem being
  • problem case
  • problem common
  • problem consisting
  • problem dar
  • problem definition
    		•
  • problem domain
  • problem drinker
  • problem drinking
  • problem for children
  • problem formulation
  • problem gambling
  • problem identification
  • problem index
  • problem index score
  • problem inherent
    		•
  • problem instance
  • problem list
  • problem ly
  • problem parameter
  • problem representation
  • problem scale
  • problem score
  • problem severity
  • problem size
  • problem solver
    		•
  • problem solving
  • problem solving skill
  • problem subject
  • problem subscale
  • problem type
  • problem use
  • problem worldwide

    • Selected Abstracts

    REALITIES OF HEALTH POLICY IN NORTH AMERICA: GOVERNMENT IS THE PROBLEM, NOT THE SOLUTION

    ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2008
    Brett J. Skinner
    Healthcare systems in North America are sometimes criticised as being expensive or socially irresponsible relative to comparable systems in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries or regions. These perceived health system failures are often mistakenly attributed to greater private sector involvement in the delivery of medical care or the provision of medical insurance in Canada and the USA. However, the exact nature and scope of state involvement in the healthcare sector in Canada and the USA is also often misunderstood and underestimated. This paper presents a fact-based context for evaluating health policy in North America. [source]

    [Commentary] TIME FOR THE MIDDLE AGED TO OWN UP TO THE PROBLEM

    ADDICTION, Issue 9 2009
    PETER ANDERSON
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    A SHORTAGE OF MEDICAL DOCTORS TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF A GROWING ADDICTION PROBLEM IN LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES: THE CASE IN MEXICO

    ADDICTION, Issue 2 2009
    MARIA ELENA MEDINA-MORA
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    ILLICIT TOBACCO: AN INTERNATIONAL PROBLEM WITH AN INTERNATIONAL SOLUTION

    ADDICTION, Issue 1 2009
    DEBORAH ARNOTT
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    PERSPECTIVE: EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY AND THE PROBLEM OF VARIATION

    EVOLUTION, Issue 4 2000
    David L. Stern
    Abstract. One of the oldest problems in evolutionary biology remains largely unsolved. Which mutations generate evolutionarily relevant phenotypic variation? What kinds of molecular changes do they entail? What are the phenotypic magnitudes, frequencies of origin, and pleiotropic effects of such mutations? How is the genome constructed to allow the observed abundance of phenotypic diversity? Historically, the neo-Darwinian synthesizers stressed the predominance of micromutations in evolution, whereas others noted the similarities between some dramatic mutations and evolutionary transitions to argue for macromutationism. Arguments on both sides have been biased by misconceptions of the developmental effects of mutations. For example, the traditional view that mutations of important developmental genes always have large pleiotropic effects can now be seen to be a conclusion drawn from observations of a small class of mutations with dramatic effects. It is possible that some mutations, for example, those in cis -regulatory DNA, have few or no pleiotropic effects and may be the predominant source of morphological evolution. In contrast, mutations causing dramatic phenotypic effects, although superficially similar to hypothesized evolutionary transitions, are unlikely to fairly represent the true path of evolution. Recent developmental studies of gene function provide a new way of conceptualizing and studying variation that contrasts with the traditional genetic view that was incorporated into neo-Darwinian theory and population genetics. This new approach in developmental biology is as important for micro-evolutionary studies as the actual results from recent evolutionary developmental studies. In particular, this approach will assist in the task of identifying the specific mutations generating phenotypic variation and elucidating how they alter gene function. These data will provide the current missing link between molecular and phenotypic variation in natural populations. [source]

    THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION ADDRESSES THE NATIONAL PROBLEM OF YOUTH AT RISK

    FAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 3 2007
    Karen J. Mathis
    During the 2006,2007 American Bar Association (ABA) year, a special ABA Presidential Youth at Risk Initiative has addressed several important topics: addressing the needs of juvenile status offenders and their families; foster children aging out of the foster care system; increases in girls, especially girls of color, in the juvenile justice system; the need to better hear the voices of youth in court proceedings affecting them; and improving how laws can better address youth crossing over between juvenile justice and child welfare systems. Lawyers are encouraged to use their skills to improve the systems addressing at-risk youth and their families and to help facilitate coordination of youth-related community efforts. Learning how to effectively communicate with youth is an important skill attorneys must learn. Through the Youth at Risk Initiative, the ABA has held continuing legal education programs, hosted community roundtables among youth-serving stakeholders, and developed projects on: juvenile status offenders; lawyer assistance to youth transitioning from foster care; educating young girls on violence prevention, conflict resolution, and careers in law and justice; and provision of useful information to youth awaiting juvenile court hearings. New ABA policy has addressed services and programs to at-risk youth, assuring licensing, regulation, and monitoring of residential facilities serving at-risk youth, enhanced support for sexual minority foster and homeless youth, juvenile status offenders, and improving laws and policies related to youth exiting the foster care system. [source]

    LOOKING AT THE "POPULATION PROBLEM" THROUGH THE PRISM OF HETEROGENEITY: WELFARE AND POLICY ANALYSES,

    INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 3 2008
    C. Simon Fan
    Upon introducing heterogeneity and dynamics into a model of the demand for children, a problem of optimal population is defined and analyzed. It is shown that from the perspective of social welfare, better-educated individuals produce too few children while less-educated individuals produce too many children and all individuals invest too little in the education of their children. The impact of several policy tools geared at addressing the "population problem" is investigated, in particular how child allowances and other tax-subsidy policies can be harnessed to enhance welfare, and how and why early childhood education programs can mitigate the "population problem." [source]

    Chronic Pain: Nursing Diagnosis or Syndrome?

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 4 2001
    Diná Almeida Lopes Monteiro Cruz PhD
    PROBLEM. To explore the existence of a pattern of nursing diagnoses that represents a chronic pain syndrome. METHODS. The nursing diagnoses of 68 oncologic and 46 nononcologic patients with chronic pain were submitted to univariate and multivariate analyses. Diagnoses ranked above the 75th percentile, without association with pain etiology, and presenting a pattern in cluster analyses and multidimensional scaling was accepted as possible components of chronic pain syndrome. FINDINGS. The possible components of chronic pain syndrome were disturbed sleep pattern,a constipation or risk for constipation, deficient knowledge,a impaired physical mobility, and anxiety/fear. CONCLUSIONS. Although a pattern of diagnoses has been proposed, confirmation will require further studies and the exploration of the clinical usefulness of the concept of chronic pain as a syndrome. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Increased skill in the assessment and understanding of chronic pain can result in improved relief strategies. Douleur chronique: Diagnostic infirmier ou syndrome? PROBLÈME. Explorer l'existence d'un regroupement de diagnostics infirmiers représentant le syndrome de douleur chronique (SDC). MÉTHODES. Les diagnostics infirmiers présents chez 68 patients cancéreux et 46 patients non-cancéreux, souffrant de douleur chronique furent soumis à des analyses unidimensionnelles et multidimensionnelles. Les diagnostics qui furent retenus comme composantes possibles du SDC se situaient au dessus du 75e percentile, n'étaient pas associés à l'étiologie et représentaient un ensemble dans les analyses de regroupement et l'échelle multidimensionnelle. RÉSULTATS. Les composantes possibles du SDC furent perturbation des habitudes de sommeil, constipation ou risque de constipation, manque de connaissances, altération de la mobilité et anxiété/peur. CONCLUSIONS. Même si un schéma de diagnostics infirmiers a été proposé, il faudrait encore entreprendre plusieurs recherches et explorer l'utilité clinique du concept syndrome de douleur chronique, avant de confirmer la pertinence de ce syndrome. IMPLICATIONS PRATIQUES. L'amélioration de l'évaluation et de la compréhension de la douleur chronique peut conduire à de meilleures stratégies pour soulager la douleur. PROBLEMA. Explorar a existência de um padrão de diagnósticos de enfermagem que represente uma síndrome de dor crônica. MÉTODOS. Diagnóstics de enfermagem de 68 pacientes com dor crônica oncológica e 46 pacientes com dor crônica não oncológica foram submetidos a análises univariadas e multivariadas. Os diagnóstics posicionados acima do Percentil 75, sem associação com a etiologia da dor e que apresentaram um padrão na Análise de Cluster e no Escalonamento Multidimensional foram aceitos como possíveis componentes da síndrome de dor crónica. RESULTADOS. Os possíveis componentes da síndrome de dor crônica foram: distúrbio do padrão de sono, cnstipação ou risco para constipação, déficit de conhecimento, mobilidade física prejudicada e ansiedade/medo. CONCLUSÕES. Apesar de um padrão de diagnósticos ter sido proposto, a sua confirmação requer outros estudos e a exploração da utilidade clínica de se conceituar a dor crônica como uma síndrome. IMPLIAÇÕES PRÁTICAS. Melhorar a compreensão e as habilidades na avaliação da dor crônica pode resultar em melhores estratégias de alívio. Dolor crónico: Diagnóstico enfermero o síndrome? PROBLEMA. Explorar la existencia de un patrón diagnóstico de enfermería que represente el síndrome de dolor crónico (SDC). MÉTODOS. Los diagnósticos enfermeros de 68 pacientes oncológicos y 46 no-oncológicos con dolor crónico, se sometieron a análisis variable y multivariable. Se aceptaron como posibles componentes del SDC, los diagnósticos que estaban sobre el percentil 75, sin asociación con etiología de dolor y que presentaban un patrón agrupado al hacer el análisis y en la escala multidimensional. RESULTADOS. Los posibles componentes de SDC fueron alteración del patrón del sueño, estreñimiento o riesgo de estreñimiento, déficit de conocimientos, trastorno de la movilidad física y ansiedad/temor. CONCLUSIONES. Aunque un patrón de diagnósticos ha sido propuesto, la confirmación requerirá que se llevan más allá los estudios y la exploración de la utilidad clínica del concepto del dolor crónico, como un síndrome. IMPLICACIONES PARA LA PRÁCTICA. Mejorar la habilidad en la valoración y comprensión del dolor crónico pueden producir mejoras en las estrategias de alivio. [source]

    PROCALCITONIN IN OLDER PEOPLE: AN UNRESOLVED PROBLEM

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 3 2006
    Huei Nuo Tan MBBS
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Healing Patterns Revealed in Middle School Boys' Experiences of Being Bullied Using Roger's Science of Unitary Human Beings (SUHB)

    JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 3 2010
    Danny G. Willis DNS, PMHCNS-BC
    PROBLEM:, Although two of the primary risk factors for being bullied include "male" and "middle school" status, a gap in knowledge exists of middle school boys' personal accounts and meanings of being bullied and their healing. METHODS:, Giorgi's descriptive phenomenological approach using open-ended semi-structured individual interviews was used to collect and analyze evidence related to middle school boys' lived experiences of being bullied and healing. Roger's Science of Unitary Human Beings (SUHB) guided interpretation of the healing patterns. FINDINGS:, Three patterns of healing were identified in boys' experiences: meaning-making, self-transcendence, and nonviolently claiming personal power. CONCLUSIONS:, Evidence of healing patterns exists in middle school boys' experiences of being bullied, offering a foundation for further research and practice focused on healing. When working with middle school boys who have been bullied, nurses need to ask about their experiences and promote their healing. [source]

    The Role of Electronic Communication Technology in Adolescent Dating Violence

    JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 3 2010
    Claire Burke Draucker RN
    PROBLEM:, Adolescent dating violence and electronic aggression are significant public health problems. The purpose of this study was to (a) identify ways in which technology is used in dating violence and (b) present examples of dating violence in which electronic aggression played a salient role. METHODS:, The data set included the transcribed narratives of 56 young adults who had described their adolescent dating violence experiences for an on going study. FINDINGS:, Eight ways in which technology is used in dating violence were identified using qualitative descriptive methods. CONCLUSIONS:, The findings indicate that electronic communication technology influences dating violence by redefining boundaries between dating partners. [source]

    Correlation of the Experience of Peer Relational Aggression Victimization and Depression among African American Adolescent Females,

    JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 4 2009
    Melissa M. Gomes PhD
    PROBLEM:, This study aimed to examine if the experience of peer relational aggression victimization (PRAV) can be linked to feelings of depression in the African American adolescent female population. METHODS:, The sample included 241 college-age African American adolescent females assessed for PRAV and depression. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between the variables. FINDINGS:, PRAV in this study population does exist as a detrimental phenomenon, whereby PRAV significantly correlates with depression, r (214) = 0.29, p < .01. CONCLUSION:, Nurses can assist the adolescent clients experiencing relational aggression by becoming knowledgeable on the presentation and manifestations of this experience. [source]

    Depressive Illness in Teens and Preteens and Effectiveness of the RADS-2 as a First-Stage Assessment.

    JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 3 2009
    Part 1: Descriptive Paper
    PROBLEM:, Measurement of the characteristics and severity of depression in adolescence is an emerging science. During patient assessment, or if using first-stage screening measures in practice, nurses must be confident that these instruments demonstrate high levels of accuracy in capturing the specific features of depressive symptoms expressed in diverse individuals. METHODS:, A review of the scientific literature of depressive illness and its assessment in teens and preteens is presented. The Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale,Revised (RADS-2) measure is introduced and evaluated from a nursing practice standpoint. FINDINGS:, The RADS-2 is easy to use and demonstrates good reliability, validity, and construct features, providing evidence for nurses that the measure can be used with confidence in assessment of depressive symptoms in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS:, The RADS-2 is an effective first-stage assessment of depressive mood in teens and preteens. [source]

    Psychological Adjustment in Young Korean American Adolescents and Parental Warmth

    JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 4 2008
    Eunjung Kim PhD
    PROBLEM:,The relation between parental warmth and psychological adjustment is not known for young Korean American adolescents. METHODS:,One hundred and three Korean American adolescents' perceived parental warmth and psychological adjustment were assessed using, respectively, the Parental Acceptance,Rejection Questionnaire and the Child Personality Assessment Questionnaire. FINDINGS:,Low perceived maternal and paternal warmth were positively related to adolescents' overall poor psychological adjustment and almost all of its attributes. When maternal and paternal warmth were entered simultaneously into the regression equation, only low maternal warmth was related to adolescents' poor psychological adjustment. CONCLUSION:,Perceived parental warmth is important in predicting young adolescents' psychological adjustment as suggested in the parental acceptance,rejection theory. [source]

    Attention Problems in Very Low Birth Weight Preschoolers: Are New Screening Measures Needed for This Special Population?

    JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 2 2007
    Deborah Winders Davis DNS
    PROBLEM:,Children born prematurely have been shown to have a range of problems that often result in delayed academic achievement. METHODS:,The current study assessed both attention problem scores (Child Behavior Checklist) and actual performance on tasks tapping three attention networks in a sample of children (n = 94) born with very low birth weights (VLBW; , 1500 grams). FINDINGS:,Attention problem scores were extremely low and did not predict children's actual attention performance. CONCLUSIONS:,A body of research is developing that suggests VLBW children may have specific, yet subtle, attention problems that may differ from those of other children. [source]

    Differences in Trait Anger Among Children with Varying Levels of Anger Expression Patterns

    JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 2 2006
    Marti Rice PhD
    PROBLEM:,Little research has been done with children to determine effects of using various patterns of anger expression on trait anger. The purpose was to examine differences in trait anger of children who indicated high, moderate, or low use of three patterns of anger expression. METHODS:,A convenience sample of 1,060 third through sixth graders completed trait anger and patterns of expressing anger instruments. FINDINGS:,High users of anger-out (anger expressed outwardly) had the highest trait anger for every grade while high users of anger-reflection/control had the lowest. CONCLUSIONS:,Anger-reflection/control may be more effective than anger-out in reducing trait anger in school-age children. [source]

    Patterns of Treatment Services and Costs for Young Offenders with Mental Disorders

    JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 3 2005
    Deborah Shelton PhD
    PROBLEM:,This study describes mental health treatment service delivery patterns and costs for youth in a juvenile justice system. METHODS:,A secondary data analysis on a random sample of juvenile offenders (N = 312) was completed. Service patterns and costs were described. Selected variables were examined for their ability to predict who received treatment. FINDINGS:,Only 23% of youth diagnosed with a mental disorder received any treatment. Older youth and African American youth received fewer services, and race was the only significant predictor for receiving treatment (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS:,Mental health treatment services were scarce, and the data reflects a race bias in the provision of services. Although the law protects the right to treatment for these individuals, provision of services remains a challenge. [source]

    Parenting Skills Training: An Effective Intervention for Internalizing Symptoms in Younger Children?

    JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 2 2005
    Clin PsyD, Sam Cartwright-Hatton D Phil
    PROBLEM:,A number of interventions are effective in treating older children with internalizing symptoms. However, little is known about the efficacy of psychological interventions in treating younger children. This study examined the impact on internalizing symptoms of a parenting skills training program. METHODS:,Forty-three parents took part in a parenting skills training program. Externalizing and internalizing behaviors were measured before and after treatment and after a 6-month period. FINDINGS:,Externalizing symptoms fell after treatment. Interestingly, internalizing scores fell to an approximately equivalent degree. CONCLUSIONS:,An intervention targeted towards parenting may be efficacious in the treatment of children's internalizing symptoms. [source]

    Child Behavior Problems and Maternal Symptoms of Depression: A Mediational Model

    JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 4 2004
    Maria A. Gartstein PhD
    PROBLEM. The relationship between maternal depression and child behavior problems has been consistently demonstrated, but not the impact of child behavior problems on maternal depression. METHODS. Mothers of 3- to 6-year-old children (N = 69) reported regarding their depression, parenting competence, attachment to the child, the child's impact on the family, and behavior problems. FINDINGS. Child behavior problems were positively associated with maternal depression, an association explained by mediating variables: impact of the child on the family, mother's parenting competence, and attachment to the child. CONCLUSIONS. Maternal depression should be considered when providing clinical services to children, given the potential for exacerbation of symptoms in the face of child behavior problems. [source]

    Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

    JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 2 2004
    Nancy LeBlanc PhD(c)
    PROBLEM To compare depressive symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to those in healthy children, and to explore the influence of individual and family factors on level of depression. METHODS Individual interviews with 68 children, ages 7 to 12 years, in order to complete the Children's Depression Inventory. FINDINGS Children with ADHD reported significantly more depressive symptoms than did children without ADHD; 14.7% of children with ADHD reached the threshold of a 19 point score, which suggests clinical depression. No significant effects of individual and family factors on level of depression were found. CONCLUSIONS Children with ADHD are more inclined to experience depressive symptoms than are healthy children. To plan appropriate interventions, nurses evaluating and working with children with ADHD should always consider a possible coexistence of depressive symptoms. [source]

    Caregiver Understanding of Adolescent Development in Residential Treatment

    JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 4 2002
    Susan Kools PhD
    PROBLEM Caretaker knowledge and understanding of adolescent development and its application to clinical practice with severely emotionally disturbed adolescents in residential treatment. METHODS Twenty child-care workers and registered nurses participated in semistructured interviews analyzed using dimensional analysis, a grounded theory method. FINDINGS Three distinct categories of caregivers were identified based on level of expertise and engagement in developmentally appropriate treatment practices: inexperienced, party-liners, and transcenders. Developmental issues identified included lack of resident preparation for puberty and staff discomfort with adolescent sexuality. CONCLUSIONS Caregiver, institutional, and social barriers to developmentally sensitive practice were identified. Practice recommendations include direct preparation of children and adolescents in residential treatment for pubertal changes and sexual development, and carefkl discernment of age-appropriate and psycho-pathological adolescent behaviors. [source]

    MOU ZONGSAN'S PROBLEM WITH THE HEIDEGGERIAN INTERPRETATION OF KANT

    JOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2006
    Article first published online: 12 MAY 200, SÉBASTIEN BILLIOUD
    [source]

    MULTIPLE CRITERIA SCREENING OF A LARGE WATER POLICY SUBSET SELECTION PROBLEM,

    JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 3 2001
    Siamak Rajabi
    ABSTRACT: A new screening approach is applied to a large-scale multiple criteria water management problem to remove actions that cannot possibly be in the best subset. An inherent advantage of the approach is its ability to identify inferior actions by examining them individually, rather than within subsets. In a case study involving the selection of actions to address high water levels in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Basin, two statistical indicators, the mode and the mean, are used to aggregate the opinions of experts and representatives of interest groups on the impacts of actions according to various criteria. Application of the screening approach shows that some of the proposed actions can be removed as they can never be in the optimal subset, thereby reducing the size of the problem. [source]

    SEPARABLE TERM STRUCTURES AND THE MAXIMAL DEGREE PROBLEM

    MATHEMATICAL FINANCE, Issue 4 2002
    Damir Filipovi
    This paper discusses separablc term structure diffusion models in an arbitrage-free environment. Using general consistency results we exploit the interplay between the diffusion coefficients and the functions determining the forward curve. We introduce the particular class of polynomial term structure models. We formulate the appropriate conditions under which the diffusion for a quadratic term structure model is necessarily an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type process. Finally, we explore the maximal degree problem and show that basically any consistent polynomial term structure model is of degree two or less. [source]

    EXISTENCE OF THE STANDARD SYSTEM IN THE MULTIPLE-PRODUCTION CASE: A SOLUTION TO THE MANARA PROBLEM

    METROECONOMICA, Issue 3 2009
    Michel-Stéphane Dupertuis
    ABSTRACT In this paper we show that the Manara problem in the case of Sraffa's generalized multiple-production case arises due to the presence of superfluous processes of production. We argue that ,goods' should be defined from the perspective of the system and not the observer. We provide a mathematical procedure to remove superfluous processes from the construction of Sraffa's Standard system. Once this is done, the Manara problem disappears. [source]

    Finding the Best Fit: A Grounded Theory of Contraceptive Decision Making in Women

    NURSING FORUM, Issue 4 2004
    APRN-BC, Joanne Noone PhD
    PROBLEM. Half of the pregnancies in the United States that occur annually are unintended, and of these, half occur among women using contraceptives. METHODS. Interviews with 16 women, field notes, and memos were analyzed using constant comparative analysis and the methods of open, axial, and selective coding were used until saturation occurred. FINDINGS. The core category that describes the process of contraceptive decision making in women is "finding the best fit." Women choose a method or methods to prevent pregnancy based on their knowledge, experience, and evaluation of what would be the best fit within the context of their current life situation. CONCLUSIONS. It is important that nurses obtain a thorough contraceptive history, and realize that women may have different perceptions and knowledge level of methods. [source]

    Attitudes and Factors Affecting Research Utilization

    NURSING FORUM, Issue 4 2003
    FWACN, Rosaline A. Olade RN
    PROBLEM The gap between nursing research findings and their application in practice, particularly in rural areas. METHODS A descriptive-correlational study design focused on the attitude of nurses (N= 106) in rural practice settings toward nursing research and the relationship between their attitudes and other factors. FINDINGS Fewer than a quarter of the nurses in this study had favorable attitudes toward research. Attitudes and interest varied with levels of education and position. Also, the isolation of rural nurses from nurse researchers creates a peculiar barrier to research utilization. CONCLUSIONS The influence of nurse educators/researchers and administrators cannot be overemphasized. Nurse leaders need to perceive nursing research as the base for evidence-based practice, and enhance the utilization of scientific evidence in practice settings. [source]

    LEXICAL PRIORITY AND THE PROBLEM OF RISK

    PACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2010
    MICHAEL HUEMER
    Some theories of practical reasons incorporate a lexical priority structure, according to which some practical reasons have infinitely greater weight than others. This includes absolute deontological theories and axiological theories that take some goods to be categorically superior to others. These theories face problems involving cases in which there is a non-extreme probability that a given reason applies. In view of such cases, lexical-priority theories are in danger of becoming irrelevant to decision-making, becoming absurdly demanding, or generating paradoxical cases in which each of a pair of actions is permissible yet the pair is impermissible. [source]

    INDIVIDUAL PROCREATIVE RESPONSIBILITY AND THE NON-IDENTITY PROBLEM

    PACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2009
    EDUARDO RIVERA-LÓPEZ
    The question I address in this paper is whether and under what conditions it is morally right to bring a person into existence. I defend the commonsensical thesis that, other things being equal, it is morally wrong to create a person who will be below some threshold of quality of life, even if the life of this potential person, once created, will nevertheless be worth living. However commonsensical this view might seem, it has shown to be problematic because of the so-called ,Non-Identity Problem'. Both utilitarian and rights-based approaches have been unable to provide a solution to this problem. I rest my thesis on two premises: that causing a disability or impairment in a future person is prima facie wrong, so long as we can avoid causing such a disability to that very person; and that reproduction, under normal conditions, is prima facie morally indifferent. From these two premises, I conclude that it is prima facie wrong to bring into existence a person with a non-trivial disability or impairment (which might be, nonetheless, compatible with a worthwhile life), even if the only available alternative is to remain childless. [source]

    MEMORY FOUNDATIONALISM AND THE PROBLEM OF UNFORGOTTEN CARELESSNESS

    PACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2008
    ROBERT SCHROER
    In this paper, I explore this objection. I begin by distinguishing between two versions of it: One where I seem to remember that P while also seeming to remember being careless in my original believing that P and the other where I seem to remember that P while not seeming to remember my past carelessness. I argue that the former case is the real challenge for memory foundationalism. After establishing the case of unforgotten carelessness as objection to memory foundationalism, I recast memory foundationalism in way that allows it to escape this objection. [source]