Prostate Diseases (prostate + diseases)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


LUTS/BPH in clinical practice: the importance of nocturia and quality of sleep

BJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2006
EMMANUEL CHARTIER-KASTLER
Various studies indicate that nocturia is one of the most bothersome of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). Nocturia has a negative impact on quality of sleep (QoS), which might lead to daytime fatigue, reduced performance the next day and might ultimately affect the patient's overall quality of life (QoL). However, the evaluation of a patient with LUTS/BPH and assessment of benefits of LUTS/BPH treatment are mainly focused on voiding symptoms or flow rate, and the impact of nocturia on the patient's QoL is often neglected. At the Sixth International Consultation on Prostate Cancer and Prostate Diseases in 2005, a discussion forum about nocturia and its impact on QoS and QoL was organized, followed by a meeting of an expert consensus panel. Both recognized the importance of assessing nocturia and its impact on QoS and QoL in the initial evaluation of patients with LUTS/BPH, and in assessing the benefits of (new) LUTS/BPH treatments. However, currently used instruments that measure the severity of nocturia and its impact on QoS and QoL were not specifically designed for this purpose and lack sensitivity. At the expert consensus meeting, the expert panel stated that new instruments are required that can fully monitor the impact of nocturia on QoS and QoL. Potential new instruments that address these requirements are nocturia-specific questionnaires such as the Nocturia QoL questionnaire. Furthermore, the expert panel acknowledged the assessment of ,hours of undisturbed sleep' (HUS) as a potential new method to evaluate the impact of nocturia on QoS and QoL. HUS refers to the time from falling asleep to the first awakening to void. Sleep assessment tools such as sleep diaries and actigraphy are potential instruments to measure HUS. [source]


Integrated selective enrichment target , a microtechnology platform for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry applied on protein biomarkers in prostate diseases

ELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 21-22 2004
Simon Ekström
Abstract The performance of a miniaturized sample processing platform for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), manufactured by silicon microfabrication, called integrated selective enrichment target (ISET) technology was evaluated in a biological context. The ISET serves as both sample treatment device and MALDI-MS target, and contains an array of 96 perforated nanovials, which each can be filled with 40 nL of reversed-phase beads. This methodology minimizes the number of sample transfers and the total surface area available for undesired adsorption of the analytes in order to provide high-sensitivity analysis. ISET technology was successfully applied for characterization of proteins coisolated by affinity chromatography of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) from human seminal fluid. The application of ISET sample preparation enabled multiple analyses to be performed on a limited sample volume, which resulted in the discovery that prolactin inducible protein (PIP) was coisolated from the samples. [source]


Vitamin D and androgen regulation of prostatic growth

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2003
Eddy S. Leman
Abstract Vitamin D has been reported to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells and model systems. In this study, we examined the interaction between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25 D) in the presence or absence of endogenous testosterone on the growth and development of the adult rat prostate. Male Sprague,Dawley rats (165 days old) were either kept intact or castrated. Seven days after castration, the rats were treated with vehicle (control) or 1,25 D for 3 weeks and then sacrificed. Both ventral and dorsal lateral prostates were harvested; whole tissue lysates were collected and AR and VDR protein levels were analyzed by immunoblot analyses. Administration of 1,25 D in the intact animals decreased the prostatic size by 40%, compared to control animals, whereas 1,25 D did not influence the size of the prostate in castrated rats. 1,25 D administration in intact groups also increased both the AR and VDR protein levels by ,twofold, whereas in castrated groups, 1,25 D only increased the AR protein level by 1.5,2.5-fold. 1,25 D in the presence of endogenous testosterone inhibits prostatic growth, whereas 1,25 D in the absence of endogenous testosterone does not affect prostatic growth. The growth inhibitory activity of 1,25 D in the presence of testosterone may be mediated through the ligand activated AR and VDR pathways. These studies may reveal important information about the potential efficacy of 1,25 D as well as hormonal status in understanding the development of prostate diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 90: 138,147, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Proteomics cataloging analysis of human expressed prostatic secretions reveals rich source of biomarker candidates

PROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, Issue 4 2008
Runsheng Li
Abstract Expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) contain proteins of prostate origin that may reflect the health status of the prostate and be used as diagnostic markers for prostate diseases including prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer. Despite their importance and potential applications, a complete catalog of EPS proteins is not yet available. We, therefore, undertook a comprehensive analysis of the EPS proteome using 2-D micro-LC combined with MS/MS. Using stringent filtering criteria, we identified a list of 114 proteins with at least two unique-peptide hits and an additional 75 proteins with only a single unique-peptide hit. The proteins identified include kallikrein 2 (KLK2), KLK3 (prostate-specific antigen), KLK11, and nine cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules including CD10, CD13, CD14, CD26, CD66a, CD66c, CD 143, CD177, and CD224. To our knowledge, this list represents the first comprehensive characterization of the EPS proteome, and it provides a candidate biomarker list for targeted quantitative proteomics analysis using a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach. To help prioritize candidate biomarkers, we constructed a protein,protein interaction network of the EPS proteins using Cytoscape (www.cytoscape.org), and overlaid the expression level changes from the Oncomine database onto the network. [source]


Different prostate-specific antigen assays give different results on the same blood sample: an obstacle to recommending uniform limits for prostate biopsies

BJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2007
Carsten Stephan
OBJECTIVE To show the effect of different results for total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) and percentage free/total PSA (%fPSA) obtained with different assays for differentiating between benign and malignant prostate diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were used for tPSA and fPSA levels from 596 patients with prostate cancer (314) or no evidence of cancer (282) within the PSA range 0.5,10 ng/mL, analysed with assays from Abbott (AxSYM), Beckman Coulter (Access), DPC (Immulite 2000), and Roche (Elecsys 2010), and with tPSA and complexed PSA (cPSA) assays from Bayer (ADVIA Centaur), as already reported. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC), specificities at assay-dependent and fixed thresholds, and the percentages of correct classification rates of patients were calculated. RESULTS Whereas the areas under the ROC curves were no different among all tPSA assays, the assay-specific thresholds at 90% sensitivity were 2.5,3.1 ng/mL. When using fixed 2.5 or 4 ng/mL tPSA thresholds there was a wide sensitivity range, with significant differences among almost all assays, resulting in significantly different classification rates of patients. These differences were even larger when using fixed %fPSA thresholds. CONCLUSIONS The current situation of differences among PSA values measured with different assays do not allow the recommendation of uniform PSA limits as biopsy criteria. For that purpose, better harmonization of PSA values between the different PSA test systems must be realized. [source]


Gene expression profiling of the human prostate zones

BJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2006
Leonie Van Der Heul-Nieuwenhuijsen
OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in gene expression in different zones of the prostate by microarray analyses, to better understand why aggressive tumours predominantly occur in the peripheral zone (PZ), whereas benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) occurs almost exclusively in the transition zone (TZ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression profiling of both prostate zones was done by microarray analysis. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the top 18 genes confirmed the microarray analyses. RT-PCR with common cell-type markers indicated that the differential expression between the zones was not caused by an unequal distribution of different cell types. Primary stromal and epithelial prostate cells were used to study cell type expression in the 12 highest differentially expressed zonal-specific genes. RESULTS In all, 346 genes were identified as preferentially expressed in the TZ or PZ. A few of the TZ-specific genes, including ASPA, FLJ10970 and COCH, were also stroma-specific. Comparisons with other microarray studies showed that gene expression profiles of prostate cancer and BPH correlate with the expression profiles of the PZ and TZ, respectively. CONCLUSION Gene expression differs between the PZ and TZ of the prostate, and stromal,epithelial interactions might be responsible for the distinct zonal localization of prostate diseases. [source]