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Prospective Comparative Study (prospective + comparative_study)
Selected AbstractsOriginal Article: Prospective comparative study of single dose versus 3-day administration of antimicrobial prophylaxis in minimum incision endoscopic radical prostatectomyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 4 2008Mizuaki Sakura Objective: From the critical stand point against the overuse of antimicrobial agents, appropriate reduction of antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP) should be considered. We have prospectively reduced AMP and evaluated the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) following radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) by minimum incision endoscopic surgery (MIES). Methods: A total of 101 consecutive patients who underwent MIES-RRP for prostate carcinoma were classified into two groups according to AMP dose. The 3-day group of 52 patients received tazobactam sodium/piperacillin sodium (TAZ/PIPC) 2.5 g intravenously before the operation and continued twice daily until postoperative day 2, and the single dose group of 49 patients received TAZ/PIPC 2.5 g intravenously only once before the operation. Additional antimicrobial agents were given only when SSI occurred. The occurrence of SSI and remote infection (RI) were analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in the rate of SSI occurrence between the 3-day group (3.8%) and single dose group (6.1%) (P = 0.6). RI did not increase in the single dose group. Conclusion: Antimicrobial prophylaxis dose was successfully reduced without increasing SSI or RI. A single dose of AMP is feasible to prevent SSI and RI and would be a standard regimen in MIES-RRP. Active surveillance of postoperative infection is mandatory to promptly administer antimicrobial treatment as the need arises. [source] Postprandial Hypotension in Long-Term Care Elderly Patients on Enteral FeedingJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 9 2006Emily Lubart MD OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence and nature of postprandial hypotension (PPH) in orally fed (OF), nasogastric tube (NGT)-fed, and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)-fed older people. DESIGN: Prospective comparative study. SETTING: Nursing and skilled nursing wards of three geriatrics hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Three groups (OF, PEG, NGT) of long-term care patients (50 in each cohort) were enrolled. MEASUREMENTS: Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate measurements were obtained just before lunch and at 15-minute intervals for 90 minutes after the completion of the meal. The meals were similar in caloric content and composition. RESULTS: PPH was evidenced in 64 (43%) patients. No significant intergroup (OF, PEG, NGT) differences were present. In 68% of PPH patients, the systolic BP (SBP) drop appeared within 30 minutes, and 70% reached their systolic nadir at 60 minutes. In 31%, the SBP drop was registered on only one measurement, whereas in 25%, the drop was detected on five to six measurements. All parameters were without notable intergroup differences. CONCLUSION: In enterally fed elderly patients (NGT or PEG), the rate and pattern of PPH are similar and not significantly different from that observed in OF patients. [source] Mandibular overdentures supported by two Brånemark, IMZ or ITI implants: a ten-year prospective randomized studyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 9 2009Henny J. A. Meijer Abstract Objectives: The aim of this prospective comparative study was to evaluate the survival rate, condition of peri-implant tissues, patient satisfaction and surgical and prosthetic aftercare of the IMZ-implant system (two-stage cylinder type), the Brånemark-implant system (two-stage screw type) and the ITI-implant system (one-stage screw type) supporting a mandibular overdenture during a 10-year follow-up period. Materials and Methods: Three groups of 30 edentulous patients were treated with two endosseous implants in the interforaminal region of the mandible. Clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated immediately after completion of the prosthetic treatment and after 1, 5 and 10 years of functional loading. Prosthetic and surgical aftercare was scored during the evaluation period, as well as patient satisfaction. Results: The 10-year survival rate was 93% for the IMZ group, 98% for the Brånemark group and 100% for the ITI group (IMZ A prospective comparative study between hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy in the detection of intrauterine pathology in patients with infertilityJOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2003Sangchai Preutthipan Abstract Aim: ,To investigate the accuracy of hysterosalpingography (HSG) in comparison to hysteroscopy in the detection of intrauterine pathology in patients with infertility, where hysteroscopy is the gold standard. Methods: ,A prospective, comparative study included 336 patients undergoing both HSG and diagnostic hysteroscopy. Main outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and accuracy rate of HSG. Results: ,Intrauterine abnormalities were shown on HSG in 286 patients and confirmed in 200 at hysteroscopy. Contrarily intrauterine lesions were detected by hysteroscopy in 4 out of 50 patients in whom HSG were normal. The most common intrauterine finding of 336 patients on hysteroscopy were intrauterine adhesions (IUA) (74), followed by endometrial polyps (56), and submucous myoma, 26 patients. Statistical analysis revealed that HSG in the detection of intrauterine pathology had a sensitivity of 98.0%, specificity of 34.9%, positive predictive value of 69.9%, negative predictive value of 92.0%, and accuracy rate of 73.2% with false-positive and false-negative rates of 30.1% and 8.0%, respectively. The common incorrect diagnoses of HSG were misdiagnosing a condition of cervical stenosis as severe IUA in 24 patients, endometrial polyps as submucous myoma in 22 out of 50 patients, and submucous myoma as endometrial polyps in 12 out of 72 patients. Conclusions: ,Hysterosalpingography is still a useful screening test for the evaluation of the uterine cavity. If a hysterogram demonstrates intrauterine abnormalities, hysteroscopy should be considered to make a definite diagnosis and treatment. Both procedures should be complementary to each other. [source] Psoralen and ultraviolet A and narrow-band ultraviolet B in inducing stability in vitiligo, assessed by vitiligo disease activity score: an open prospective comparative studyJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 10 2007A Bhatnagar Abstract Background Vitiligo is a common pigmentary disorder with great cosmetic and psychological morbidity and an unpredictable course. No treatment available is a definitive cure. Systemic psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) has been the mainstay of treatment. Narrow-band UVB (NBUVB) was later introduced. In this study, we have compared the phototherapy modalities PUVA and NBUVB in inducing stability in vitiligo, assessed by using vitiligo disease activity score (VIDA), for the first time. Aims To investigate the position of NBUVB vis-à-vis PUVA in terms of stability achieved during therapy as indicated by the VIDA scores. Subjects and methods It was an open, prospective study of 50 patients divided equally in PUVA and NBUVB groups. The study period was from January 2004 to June 2005. This study was done as a part of a larger project to compare the efficacy of mentioned modalities in degree of repigmentation. Results In the NBUVB group, disease activity was present in 40% patients before commencement of therapy, which was reduced to 16% at the end of therapy (statistically significant, P = 0.049). In the PUVA group, similar figures were 20% and 16%, respectively. In the NBUVB group, 50% of patients whose disease was active prior to commencement of therapy had less than 50% repigmentation, whereas an equal number of patients had repigmentation of more than 50%. Almost an equal number of stable patients had less than and more than 50% repigmentation. In the PUVA group, 4 of the 5 (80%) patients who had active disease had less than 50% repigmentation, whereas only 1 patient (20%) with active disease obtained more than 50% repigmentation. The time to attain stability was 3.6 ± 2.1 months in the NBUVB group and 3.22 ± 3.1 months in the PUVA group. Eight of the 10 (80%) patients with unstable disease in the NBUVB group achieved stability, whereas 2 of the 5 (40%) patients of similar pre-treatment status in the PUVA group achieved stability. Conclusion NBUVB was in a more statistically advantageous position vis-à-vis PUVA, in respect to stability achieved and efficacy in both active and stable disease in a comparable time period. [source] Effects of bathing immediately after birth on early neonatal adaptation and morbidity: A prospective randomized comparative studyPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2000Yasushi Nako Abstract Objective: Because the risks and benefits of early bathing of newborn infants are not well established, we investigated the effects of bathing immediately after birth on rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, percutaneous arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and early neonatal morbidity. Methods: The study was designed as a randomized prospective comparative study in the neonatal care unit of a university hospital. A total of 187 healthy term and near-term newborn infants, who were delivered vaginally without asphyxia, between January and December 1997 were the study subjects. We compared findings in newborns who were bathed 2,5 min after birth (n=95) with those of a control group (n=92) who received dry care instead. Groups were comparable with respect to gestational age, birthweight, male : female ratio, Apgar score and umbilical blood pH. Rectal temperature was measured with an electronic thermometer immediately before the intervention bathing or dry care and at 30 min and 1, 2, 3, 8 and 12 h after birth. Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and SpO2 were measured at 1, 2, 8 and 12 h after birth. The incidence of early neonatal morbidity, including hyperbilirubinemia and gastrointestinal and respiratory problems, was also compared. Results: Rectal temperature changed over time postnatally in both groups (P<0.0001, ANOVA) and there was a significant difference in rectal temperature between groups (P<0.0001, ANOVA). Mean (± SEM) rectal temperature at 30 min after birth (i.e. approximately within 20 min after intervention) was significantly higher in the bathed group than in the control (dry care) group (37.30~0.06 vs 37.00~0.05°C, respectively; P=0.000022). Respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure and the ratio of the number of infants with SpO2 90,94% and 95,100% did not differ significantly between the two groups. The incidence of early neonatal morbidity, including vomiting, acute gastric mucosal lesion, polycythemia, need for tube feeding, phototherapy and oxygen therapy, also did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions: Early bathing, minutes after birth, did not appear to adversely affect the adaptation of healthy full-term and near-term newborn infants. [source] Transfer function index: is it a reliable method for vein graft surveillance?ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 12 2003Chuan Ping Tan Introduction: Duplex ultrasound scanning is currently the best available non-invasive method for vein graft surveillance. However, it is expensive and its results are highly operator dependent. The aim of the present study is to compare, another non-invasive method of graft surveillance, the transfer function index (TFI), with duplex ultrasound scanning in identifying significant stenoses in infrainguinal saphenous vein bypass grafts. Methods: Initially a retrospective pilot study was carried out between 1 January and 30 June 2002. Patients were identified from the vascular surgical operation database. The ultrasound report and TFI result of each patient were reviewed. Then a prospective comparative study was carried out between 1 July and 31 December 2002. Duplex ultrasound and TFI studies were undertaken at the 3 month interval. Comparisons were made between the accuracy and predictive value of ultrasound versus TFI in assessing significant graft stenosis. Results: In the present retrospective study TFI measurement was significantly lower in the at-risk grafts than in the normal grafts (P = 0.001). In the prospective group TFI was again found to be significantly lower in the at-risk group (mean TFI 0.86) than in the normal group (mean TFI 1.064, P = 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the TFI were 92% and 97%, respectively. The accuracy of TFI was calculated to be 98%. Conclusion: TFI is an accurate non-invasive method of vascular graft surveillance. TFI can be carried out in the vascular clinic and is quick and inexpensive. Normally TFI could replace duplex ultrasound surveillance, with ultrasound being reserved for those with an abnormal TFI. [source] A prospective, non-randomized trial comparing robot-assisted laparoscopic and retropubic radical prostatectomy in one European institutionBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2009Vincenzo Ficarra OBJECTIVE To compare the functional results of two contemporary series of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer treated by robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) or retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP). PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a non-randomized prospective comparative study of all patients undergoing RALP or RRP for clinically localized prostate cancer at our institution from February 2006 to April 2007. RESULTS We enrolled 105 patients in the RRP and 103 in the RALP group; the two groups were comparable for all clinical and pathological variables, except median age. For RRP and RALP the respective median operative duration was 135 and 185 min (P < 0.001), the intraoperative blood loss 500 and 300 mL (P < 0.001) and postoperative transfusion rates 14% and 1.9% (P < 0.01). There were complications in 9.7% and 10.4% of the patients (P = 0.854) after RRP and RALP, respectively; the positive surgical margin rates in pT2 cancers were 12.2% and 11.7% (P = 0.70). For urinary continence, 41% of patients having RRP and 68.9% of those having RALP were continent at catheter removal (P < 0.001). The 12-month continence rates were 88% after RRP and 97% after RALP (P = 0.01), with the mean time to continence being 75 and 25 days (P < 0.001), respectively. At the 12-month follow-up, 20 of 41 patients having bilateral nerve-sparing RRP (49%) and 52 of 64 having bilateral nerve-sparing RALP (81%) (P < 0.001) had recovery of erectile function. CONCLUSIONS RALP offers better results than RRP in terms of urinary continence and erectile function recovery, with similar positive surgical margin rates. [source] 2326: Influence of change in body position on choroidal blood flow in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndromeACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010A ALMANJOUMI Purpose Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) has been reported to be associated with ischemic and glaucomatous optic neuropathy (especially normal tension glaucoma). OSA per se is able to generate hypertension, atherosclerosis and autonomic dysfunction, all conditions possibly interacting with ocular vascular regulation. The aim of our study was to characterize the choroidal vascular reactivity to change in body position in OSA patients, as compared with matched healthy control subjects. Methods Eighteen newly diagnosed OSA patients were included in this prospective study. Control subjects were matched with OSA patients for body mass index (BMI), gender and age. At the screening visit, each subject underwent a general exam, cardiovascular, neurologic and ophthalmological examinations, and overnight polysomnography. The LDF instrument used in this study to measure subfoveal choroidal blood flow (ChBF), ChBVel , velocity (kHz); and volume, ChBVol (in arbitrary units, AU) Vascular choroidal reactivity was tested during the change in body position from the sitting to the supine position (10 min). Results OSA patients exhibited a similar choroidal reactivity during change in body position than controls with increased ChBVel (+15%), decreased ChBVol (-11.6%), and unchanged ChBF. IOP increased by 14.2% in the supine position whereas ocular perfusion pressure remained stable. Conclusion This prospective comparative study showed for the first time unimpaired choroidal vascular reactivity in otherwise healthy OSA patients. This suggests OSA patients, without comorbidities, has long-term adaptive mechanisms active in ocular microcirculation. [source] Mandibular overdentures supported by two or four endosseous implantsCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 1 2005A 5-year prospective study Abstract Objective: The aim of this 5-year prospective comparative study was to evaluate treatment outcome (survival rate, condition of hard and soft peri-implant tissues, patient satisfaction, prosthetic and surgical aftercare) of mandibular overdentures supported by two or four implants. Material and methods: Sixty edentulous patients with a mandibular height between 12 and 18 mm participated. Thirty patients were treated with an overdenture supported by two IMZ implants (group A) and 30 patients were treated with an overdenture supported by four IMZ implants (group B). Standardised clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated 6 weeks after completion of the prosthetic treatment and after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years of functional loading. Prosthetic and surgical aftercare was scored during the evaluation period. Results: One implant was lost (group A) during the healing period. There were no significant differences with regard to any of the studied clinical or radiographic parameters of the peri-implant tissues between the groups. None of the patients reported sensory disturbances in the lip or chin region. No differences in satisfaction were observed between the groups. With regard to aftercare, there was a tendency of a greater need of prosthetic interventions in group A, while correction of soft-tissue problems was restricted to patients of group B. Conclusion: There is no difference in clinical and radiographical state of patients treated with an overdenture on two or four implants during a 5-year evaluation period. Patients of both groups were as satisfied with their overdentures. Résumé Le but de cette étude comparative et prospective de cinq années a été d'évaluer la guérison (taux de survie, condition des tissus paroïmplantaires mous et durs, satisfaction du patient, prothèse et chirurgie) de prothèses mandibulaires sur deux ou quatre implants. Soixante édentés avec une hauteur mandibulaire entre douze et 18 mm ont participé. Trente patients ont été traités avec une prothèse ancrées sur deux implants IMZ (groupe A) tandis que les trente autres ont été traités avec une prothèse ancrée sur quatre implants IMZ (groupe B). Les paramètres radiographiques et cliniques standards ont étéévalués six semaines après la mise en place de la prothèse et ensuite une, deux, trois, quatre et cinq années après la mise en charge fonctionnelle. Le suivi chirurgical et prothétique a étéévalué durant cette période. Un implant a été perdu dans le groupe A durant la période de guérison. Il n'y avait aucune différence significative en ce qui concerne aucun des paramètres radiographiques et cliniques étudiés des tissus paroïmplantaires entre les deux groupes. Aucun des patients n'a rapporté d'ennuis sensoriels au niveau de la lèvre ou du menton. Aucune différence dans la satisfaction n'a été observée entre les deux groupes. En ce qui concerne le maintien, une nécessité plus importante d'intervention au niveau des prothèses était constatée dans le groupe A tandis que la correction des problèmes des tissus mous n'a dûêtre effectuée que chez les patients du groupe B. Il n'y a donc aucune différence radiographique ou clinique chez les patients traités avec une prothèse ancrée sur deux ou quatre implants durant un suivi de cinq années. Les patients des deux groupes étaient autant satisfaits de leurs prothèses. Zusammenfassung Ziel: Das Ziel dieser prospektiven vergleichenden Studie über 5 Jahre war, das Behandlungsresultat (Ueberlebensrate, Zustand der peri-implantären Hart- und Weichgewebe, Patientenzufriedenheit, prothetische und chirurgische Nachsorge) von Hybridprothesen im Unterkiefer, welche von 2 oder 4 Implantaten getragen werden, zu untersuchen. Material und Methoden: An der Studie nahmen 60 zahnlose Patienten mit einer Unterkieferhöhe zwischen 12 und 18 mm teil. 30 Patienten wurden mit einer Hybridprothese getragen von 2 IMZ Implantaten versorgt (Gruppe A), und 30 Patienten erhielten eine Hybridprothese auf 4 IMZ Implantaten (Gruppe B). Standardisierte klinische und radiologische Parameter wurden 6 Wochen nach Eingliederung der Rekonstruktion und nach 1,2,3,4 und 5 Jahren funktioneller Belastung ausgewertet. Die prothetische und chirurgische Nachsorge wurde während der Beobachtungsperiode aufgezeichnet. Resultate: 1 Implantat ging während der Einheilphase verloren (Gruppe A). Es bestanden keine signifikanten Unterschiede in Bezug auf die untersuchten klinischen und radiologischen Parameter der peri-implantären Gewebe zwischen den zwei Gruppen. Keiner der Patienten beklagte Gefühlsstörungen im Bereich der Lippe oder des Kinns. Zwischen den zwei Gruppen bestanden keine Unterschiede bezüglich Zufriedenheit. Bei der Nachsorge bestand eine Tendenz eines grösseren Bedarfs an prothetischen Interventionen in Gruppe A, während Korrekturen von Weichteilproblemen auf Patienten der Gruppe B beschränkt waren. Schlussfolgerung: Es bestehen keine Unterschiede in den klinischen und radiologischen Befunden bei Patienten, welche für eine Beobachtungsperiode von 5 Jahren mit Hybridprothesen auf 2 oder 4 Implantaten versorgt worden waren. Die Patienten beider Gruppen waren mit ihren Hybridprothesen zufrieden. Resumen Objetivo: La intención de este estudio fue prospectivo comparativo de 5-años fue evaluar los resultados del tratamiento (índice de supervivencia, condiciones de los tejidos duros y blandos periimplantarios, satisfacción del paciente, mantenimiento postquirúrgico y postprotesico) de sobredentaduras mandibulares soportadas por 2 o 4 implantes. Material y Métodos: Participaron 60 pacientes edéntulos con una altura mandibular entre 12 y 18 mm. Se trataron 30 pacientes con una sobredentadura soportada por 2 implantes IMZ (grupo A) y 30 pacientes se trataron con una sobredentadura soportada por 4 implantes IMZ (grupo B). Se evaluaron parámetros clínicos y radiológicos a las 6 semanas tras conclusión del tratamiento protésico y tras 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 años de carga funcional. Se tomó nota del mantenimiento prostético y quirúrgico durante el periodo de evaluación. Resultados: Se perdió un implante (grupo A) durante el periodo de cicatrización. No hubo diferencias significativas respecto a ninguno de los parámetros clínicos y radiográficos estudiados de los tejidos periimplantarios entre los grupos. Ninguno de los pacientes informó sobre molestias sensoriales en el labio o la región del mentón. No se observaron diferencias entre los grupos respecto a la satisfacción. Respecto al mantenimiento, hubo una tendencia a una mayor necesidad de intervenciones prostéticas en el grupo A, mientras que las correcciones en los tejidos blandos se circunscribieron al grupo B. Conclusiones: No hay diferencias en el estado clínico y radiográfico de los pacientes tratados con una sobredentadura en 2 o 4 implantes durante un periodo de evaluación de 5 años. Los pacientes de ambos grupos estaban satisfechos con sus sobredentaduras. [source]
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