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Prospective Case-control Study (prospective + case-control_study)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Quantitative Analysis of Tympanic Membrane Disease Using Video-Otoscopy ,

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 10 2000
Vikram J. Jaisinghani MD
Abstract Objective To perform quantitative analysis of pathological changes in the tympanic membrane using video-otoscopic images. Study Design Prospective case-control study. Methods Forty-two ears of children with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) and 15 ears of normal children were included in this study. Tympanic membrane images were captured and digitized using a Welch-Allyn (Skaneatales Falls, NY) VDX-300 Illumination and Imaging system with S-VHS input to a MIRO DC 30 (Pinnacle Systems, Mountain View, CA) visual board in a Power PC,based computer. These images were visualized and recorded during static and pneumatic pressure changes. Quantitative analysis of tympanic membrane disease was performed using Image Pro Plus Imaging software (Media Cybernetics, Del Mar, CA). The measurements included area of the tympanic membrane and its quadrants, area of tympanic membrane involved by disease, angle formed at the umbo, and length of the malleus versus vertical length of the tympanic membrane. Results Tympanosclerosis was present in 57% of ears and occurred most frequently in the anteroinferior quadrant, but the ma-imum area of involvement was in the posteroinferior quadrant. The ratio of the angles formed at the umbo was significantly greater (P = .01) for the OME group compared with the control group. The ratio of the length of the umbo and the vertical length of the tympanic membrane was almost identical for the OME and the control groups (P = .4). Conclusions Video-otoscopic images can be used for quantitative analysis of tympanic membrane disease. The ratio of the posterior angle to the anterior angle formed at the umbo seems to be a more reliable indicator of post otitis media than is a reduced length of the long process of malleus. [source]

Risk factors for epiploic foramen entrapment colic in a UK horse population: A prospective case-control study

EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 4 2008
D. C. ARCHER
Summary Reasons for performing study: Epiploic foramen entrapment (EFE) is a common cause of small intestinal strangulation in the horse and its epidemiology requires further investigation. Objectives: To identify horse- and management-level risk factors for EFE and to explore reasons for the apparent seasonality of this condition. Hypothesis: Horses exhibiting certain behaviours and those exposed to particular management practices that vary seasonally are at increased risk of EFE. Methods: A prospective unmatched, multicentre case-control study was conducted over 24 months in the UK. Data on 77 cases and 216 control horses were obtained from 9 collaborating clinics and logistic regression was used to identify associations between horse and management variables and the likelihood of EFE. Results: In a final multivariable model crib-biting/ windsucking behaviour was associated with the largest increase in likelihood of EFE. A history of colic in the previous 12 months, increased stabling in the previous 28 days and height of the horse also increased the likelihood of EFE. Horses with access to a mineral/salt lick, those easily frightened and horses not fed at the same time as others were at reduced risk of EFE. Conclusions: Horses exhibiting certain behaviours, those with a previous history of colic and horses of greater height appear to be at inherently greater risk of EFE. The increase in likelihood of EFE with increased duration of stabling may explain the apparent seasonality of this condition. Potential relevance: These findings assist identification of horses at high-risk of EFE and provide information on management strategies that may reduce this risk. If the observed associations are causal, avoiding sudden increases in duration of stabling, not feeding horses in the same group at the same time and providing a mineral/salt lick may reduce the likelihood of EFE. The risk factors identified in this study provide important clues to the aetiology of EFE. [source]

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: A Possible Risk Factor for Metabolic Bone Disease

NUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 4 2003
Article first published online: 16 SEP 200
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is one of the causes of malabsorption syndromes. The prevalence of metabolic bone disease in patients with SIBO is unknown, but a recent prospective case-control study indicated significant contribution of SIBO to the development of metabolic bone disease. We review this and other reports in the literature and discuss the possible mechanisms causing metabolic bone disease in patients with SIBO. [source]

Asymmetric Periflexural Exanthem of Childhood: Microbiologic Case-Control Study

PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2000
D. Coustou M.D.
To do so, we designed a prospective case-control study using throat, stool, blood, and skin samples, and enlisted 37 children with APEC and 37 age-matched controls without eruption seen consecutively from February 1995 to April 1996 from a mixed referral center and community-based population. No interventions were done. Used as the main outcome measure was the differences in the two groups for microbiologic investigations. No significant statistical differences between cases and controls for virus and bacteria investigated were found. No microorganism was identified as a possible etiologic agent in any of the APEC patients. APEC is not a nonspecific cutaneous eruptive pattern to several common microbiologic agents. More sophisticated molecular approaches are needed to address its etiology. [source]

Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: A case-control study

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 6 2006
Abdullah KARAER
Abstract Aim:, To identify the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. Methods:, We conducted a prospective case-control study for the role of several risk factors in the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy in Turkey. A total of 225 cases and 375 controls were compared for sociodemographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, obstetric, gynaecological, surgical histories, the presence or absence of assisted conception and contraceptive usage. Results:, The main risk factors for ectopic pregnancy were prior ectopic pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 13.1) and a history of infectious reproductive system (AOR for pelvic inflammatory disease: 6.8). Other risk factors found to be associated with an increased risk for ectopic pregnancy were multisexual partner (AOR: 3.5), history of infertility (AOR: 2.5), induced conception cycle (AOR: 3.4), current intrauterine device usage (AOR: 3.2), prior Caesarean section (AOR: 2.1) and cigarette smoking at the time of conception (AOR = 1.7). On the contrary, barrier methods were protective from ectopic pregnancy (AOR: 0.4). Conclusions:, The increased awareness and knowledge of risk factors have enabled an early and accurate diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. This study has found prior pelvic infection to be a major aetiological factor for ectopic pregnancy. Furthermore, other factors found to be associated with ectopic pregnancy, such as prior ectopic pregnancy, infertility history and induced conception cycle, may be the result of a previous pelvic infection that may cause tubal sequelae. These factors are potential targets for intervention and modification. [source]