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Prior Results (prior + result)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Do 8-Month-Old Infants Consider Situational Constraints When Interpreting Others' Gaze as Goal-Directed Action?

INFANCY, Issue 4 2010
Yuyan Luo
Some actions of agents are ambiguous in terms of goal-directedness to young infants. If given reasons why an agent performed these ambiguous actions, would infants then be able to perceive the actions as goal-directed? Prior results show that infants younger than 12 months can not encode the relationship between a human agent's looking behavior and the target of her gaze as goal-directed. In the present experiments, 8-month-olds responded in ways suggesting that they interpreted an agent's action of looking at object-A as opposed to object-B as evidence for her goal directed toward object-A, if her looking action was rational given certain situational constraints: a barrier separated her from the objects or her hands were occupied. Therefore, the infants seem to consider situational constraints when attributing goals to agents' otherwise ambiguous actions; they seem to realize that within such constraints, these actions are efficient ways for agents to achieve goals. [source]

Social and Environmental Disclosure and Corporate Characteristics: A Research Note and Extension

JOURNAL OF BUSINESS FINANCE & ACCOUNTING, Issue 3-4 2001
Rob Gray
This paper is concerned with the attempts to explain the disclosure of social and environmental information in the annual reports of large companies by reference to observable characteristics of those companies. An extensive literature has sought to establish whether variables such as corporate size, profit and industry segments can explain corporations' disclosure practices. The results from that predominantly North American and Australasian literature are largely inconclusive. This paper provides an extension of that literature by considering a more disaggregated specification of social and environmental disclosure and by employing a detailed time-series data set. By so doing, the paper tests two possible explanations for the inconclusiveness of prior research: namely that any relationships between corporate characteristics and disclosure are dependent upon the type of disclosure and that any such relationships are not stable through time. The results provide support for these explanations as sufficient, if not necessary, conditions for explaining the inconsistency in prior results. [source]

An empirical taxonomy of youths' fears: Cluster analysis of the American fear survey schedule

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 6 2006
Joy J. Burnham
Fears profiles among children and adolescents were explored using the Fear Survey Schedule for Children-American version (FSSC-AM; J.J. Burnham, 1995, 2005). Eight cluster profiles were identified via multistage Euclidean grouping and supported by homogeneity coefficients and replication. Four clusters reflected overall level of fears (i.e., very low, below average, moderate, and multiple), and four others exhibited specific peaks associated with school-related fears, medical fears, and scary things. Demographic characteristics associated with cluster profile membership revealed variability primarily based on gender and age, with some differences associated with community type. Comparisons with prior results on earlier fear surveys and implications for school refusal behavior provide a useful context for discussion. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 673,683, 2006. [source]

CORRELATION BETWEEN SPECTRAL, SEM/EDX AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MAYA BLUE: A CHEMOMETRIC STUDY*

ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 6 2009
A. DOMÉNECH
Visible spectra, composition from SEM/EDX and solid-state electrochemical data are correlated for a set of 12 Maya Blue samples from different archaeological sites of Campeche and Yucatán (Mexico). In addition to indigo and dehydroindigo, indirubin and other possibly indigo-type compounds can be detected in Maya Blue samples. Application of hierarchical cluster analysis techniques allows similarity relationships to be established between samples from different sites, confirming prior results which suggest that the preparation of Maya Blue pigment evolved with time during the Maya culture following a ramified scheme. [source]