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Previous Research Findings (previous + research_finding)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	33%

Selected Abstracts

Adolescent Dating Violence: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Health Outcomes, and Implications for Clinical Practice

JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 2 2003
Nancy Glass PhD, RN assistant professor
The goal of this synthesis is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the literature associated with dating violence in adolescence. Previous research findings on the prevalence, risk factors associated with victimization and perpetration, and potential health outcomes of dating violence are discussed. The importance of designing developmentally and culturally competent dating violence prevention and intervention strategies in the clinical setting is emphasized. This review is intended to assist health care professionals to develop interventions in their clinical settings to prevent and reduce adolescent dating violence. [source]

Le recours au financement institutionnel des femmes proprietaires uniques d'exploitations agricoles

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, Issue 4 2000
Rachel Auger
Résumé Le dynamisme des agricultrices québécoises présente des perspectives intéressantes pour l'avenir de l'agriculture du Québec. Depuis le début des années 1980, l'im-portance des femmes propriétaires d'entreprises agri-coles n'a cessé de croǐtre. Des recherches antérieures ont permis de constater qu'elles se distinguent à plusieurs titres. Entre autres, les agricultrices propriétaires uniques au Québec ont moins recours au financement que les autres exploitants et exploitantes agricoles. Les facteurs pouvant expliquer ce comportement sont principalement l'ǎge et l'attitude face au risque de la propriétaire, la taille de l'exploitation, le mode d'accès à la propriété et le type de production. Abstract The dynamism of women farmers bodes well for the future of agriculture in Quebec. Since the early 1980s, women farm owners have consistently increased in importance. Previous research findings show that specific features distinguish them from other farm owners. Among these we find that sole owners resort less to institutional financing than other farm owners. Factors that can explain this behaviour are the age of the women owners, their marital status, as well as the size of their business. The first two variables appear to reflect their attitude towards risk taking. Finally, three distinctive groups emerge when considering women who have not used bank financing during the last five years. [source]

Reduced parietal and visual cortical activation during global processing in Williams syndrome

DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 6 2007
Dean Mobbs BSc
Several lines of investigation suggest that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS), a neurodevelopmental disorder of well-characterized genetic etiology, have selective impairments in integrating local image elements into global configurations. We compared global processing abilities in 10 clinically and genetically diagnosed participants with WS (eight females, two males; mean age 31y 10mo [SD 9y 7mo], range 15y 5mo-48y 4mo) with a typically developed (TD) age- and sex-matched comparison group (seven females, one male; mean age 35y 2mo [SD 10y 10mo], range 24y-54y 7mo) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behavioral data showed participants with WS to be significantly less accurate (p<0.042) together with a non-significant trend to be slower than the TD comparison group while performing the global processing task. fMRI data showed participants with WS to possess reduced activation in the visual and parietal cortices. Participants with WS also showed relatively normal activation in the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, but elevated activation in several posterior thalamic nuclei. These preliminary results largely confirm previous research findings and neural models implicating neurodevelopmental abnormalities in extended subcortical and cortical visual systems in WS, most notably dorsal-stream pathways. [source]

Sexual orientation, substance use behaviors and substance dependence in the United States

ADDICTION, Issue 8 2009
Sean Esteban McCabe
ABSTRACT Aims To assess past-year prevalence rates of substance use behaviors and substance dependence across three major dimensions of sexual orientation (identity, attraction and behavior) in a large national sample of adult women and men in the United States. Design Data were collected from structured diagnostic face-to-face interviews using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule DSM-IV version IV (AUDADIS-IV). Setting Prevalence estimates were based on data collected from the 2004,2005 (wave 2) National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Participants A large national sample of 34 653 adults aged 20 years and older: 52% female, 71% white, 12% Hispanic, 11% African American, 4% Asian and 2% Native American. Findings Approximately 2% of the population self-identified as lesbian, gay or bisexual; 4% reported at least one life-time same-sex sexual partner and 6% reported same-sex sexual attraction. Although non-heterosexual orientation was generally associated with a higher risk of substance use and substance dependence, the majority of sexual minority respondents did not report substance use or meet criteria for DSM-IV substance dependence. There was considerable variation in substance use outcomes across sexual orientation dimensions; these variations were more pronounced among women than among men. Conclusions Results support previous research findings of heightened risk of substance use and substance dependence among some sexual minority groups and point to the need for research that examines the reasons for such differences. Results also highlight important gender differences and question previous findings indicating uniformly higher risk for substance dependence among sexual minorities. Risks appear to vary based on gender and how sexual orientation is defined. Findings have implications for more effective prevention and intervention efforts that target subgroups at greatest risk. [source]

The Role of Cohabitation in Remarriage

JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 2 2006
Xiaohe Xu
Using 3 subsamples of remarried respondents (n =1,583, 971, and 926) in the first wave of the National Survey of Families and Households, this study investigates how different types of cohabitation, especially postdivorce cohabitation, affect the timing and quality of remarriage in the United States. Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis indicates that postdivorce cohabitation in general and postdivorce cohabitation with multiple partners in particular delay remarriage. Furthermore, echoing previous research findings on the relationship between premarital cohabitation and relationship quality, the ordered logistic analysis shows that postdivorce cohabitation with a spouse is associated with lower levels of remarital happiness, and postdivorce cohabitation of all types tends to be associated with higher levels of remarital instability. Implications of these findings are briefly discussed. [source]

An exploratory Investigation of new product forecasting practices

THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2002
Kenneth B. Kahn
To guide new product forecasting efforts, the following study offers preliminary data on new product forecasting practices during the commercialization stage (prelaunch and launch stage). Data on department responsibility for and involvement in the new product forecasting process, technique usage, forecast accuracy, and forecast time horizon across different types of new products are reported. Comparisons of new product forecasting practices for consumer firms versus industrial firms are also reported. Overall, study results show that the marketing department is predominantly responsible for the new product forecasting effort, there is a preference to employ judgmental forecasting techniques, forecast accuracy is 58% on average across the different types of new products, and two to four forecasting techniques are typically employed during the new product forecasting effort. Compared to consumer firms, industrial firms appear to have longer forecast time horizons and rely more on the sales force for new product forecasting. Additional analyses show that there does not appear to be a general relationship between a particular department's involvement and higher forecast accuracy or greater satisfaction, nor does it appear that use of a particular technique relates to higher forecast accuracy and greater satisfaction. Countering previous research findings, the number of forecasting techniques employed also does not appear to correlate to higher forecasting accuracy or greater satisfaction. Managerial and research implications are discussed. [source]