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Previous Procedures (previous + procedure)
Selected AbstractsRebound phenomenon in tissue plasminogen activator activity of parietal peritoneum after anastomosing colon in rats with bacterial peritonitisBRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 7 2000M. M. P. J. Reijnen Background This study aimed to measure the fibrinolytic response, which plays a role in adhesion and abscess formation, of the parietal peritoneum to surgery in the presence and absence of bacterial peritonitis. Methods In 48 male Wistar rats bacterial peritonitis was induced using caecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Some 24 h after CLP (day 0), 12 rats were killed and biopsies were taken from the parietal peritoneum. The remaining 36 rats were reoperated whereby the ligated caecum was resected followed by resection of a 1-cm segment of the descending colon and end-to-end anastomosis. Thirty additional rats underwent resection of a 1-cm segment and anastomosis of the descending colon without any previous procedure. One-third of the rats were killed on days 1, 3 and 7 after anastomosing the colon, and biopsies were taken from the parietal peritoneum. From ten untreated rats, biopsies were taken for measurement of baseline levels. All biopsies were homogenized and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Some 24 h after inducing peritonitis (day 0), tPA activity was significantly (P < 0·0001) decreased compared with baseline levels. One day after anastomosis in rats with peritonitis, tPA activity was in the same range as baseline values, while tPA activity was significantly increased on days 3 and 7 after anastomosis, in comparison to baseline levels (P = 0·0002). There was no significant difference in tPA activity compared with baseline levels 1, 3 and 7 days after anastomosing colon in normal rats. Conclusion In rats with bacterial peritonitis, tPA activity in the parietal peritoneum was depressed after 24 h; 24,48 h after inducing peritonitis, tPA activity increased, reaching supranormal levels at days 3,7. Surgery alone does not influence tPA activity of the parietal peritoneum. © 2000 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd [source] Quantitative Recovery of Elemental Sulfur and Improved Selectivity in a Chromium-Reducible Sulfur DistillationGEOSTANDARDS & GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009Jens Gröger soufre réductible par le chrome; CRS; soufre élémentaire; selectivité; efficacité de distillation Chromium-reducible sulfur (CRS) distillations are intended to recover only reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RIS) including elemental sulfur. However, the quantitative recovery of elemental sulfur is not ensured in common CRS-distillations. The new method presented here was designed to remedy this deficiency. An increase in ethanol concentration assured the quantitative recovery of elemental sulfur in various forms and, in addition, all other RIS-compounds were quantitatively recovered. Furthermore, the selectivity of the procedure was improved by an additional filtration step to eliminate zinc particles from the Cr(II)-solution. Thus, the recovery of sulfates and organic sulfur compounds was significantly decreased by a factor of up to 35, depending on the compound analysed. Exhaustive testing with a variety of pure phases, rock and soil samples demonstrated the precision and accuracy of the new method. The new protocol eliminated the constraints of previous procedures. The improved distillation efficiency for elemental sulfur ensured the quantitative recovery of all RIS-compounds in a single-step distillation. Des distillations du soufre réductible par le chrome (CRS) ont été effectuées afin de récupérer uniquement les composés soufrés inorganiques (RIS: reduced inorganic sulfures) dont le soufre élémentaire. La procédure classique de distillation CRS ne permet pas néanmoins la récupération totale du soufre élémentaire. Une nouvelle méthode, présentée ici, a été développée pour remédier à ce problème. L'augmentation de la concentration en éthanol assure la récupération totale du soufre élémentaire sous différentes formes et, de plus, celle de tous les autres composés RIS. La sélectivité de la procédure a été améliorée par l'ajout d'une étape de filtration, qui élimine des particules de zinc provenant de la solution Cr(II). Ceci a entraîné une diminution jusqu'à un facteur 35 du taux d'extraction des sulfates et des composés soufrés organiques, selon les composés analysés. Des tests extensifs sur différentes phases pures et des échantillons de roches et de sols ont montré la précision et la justesse de cette nouvelle méthode. Le nouveau protocole élimine les contraintes des procédures passées. L'amélioration de l'efficacité de cette distillation concernant le soufre élémentaire garantit une récupération fiable de tous les composés RIS par une distillation en une seule étape. [source] Increasing the Scope of Palladium-Catalyzed Cyanations of Aryl ChloridesADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 4 2009Thomas Schareina Abstract An improved protocol for the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of electron-rich aryl chlorides with potassium ferrocyanide {K4[Fe(CN)6]} is presented. Compared to previous procedures the substrate scope is significantly broadened. [source] Charge parameterization of the metal centers in cytochrome c oxidaseJOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2008Mikael P. Johansson Abstract Reliable atomic point charges are of key importance for a correct description of the electrostatic interactions when performing classical, force field based simulations. Here, we present a systematic procedure for point charge derivation, based on quantum mechanical methodology suited for the systems at hand. A notable difference to previous procedures is to include an outer region around the actual system of interest. At the cost of increasing the system sizes, here up to 265 atoms, including the surroundings achieves near-neutrality for the systems as well as structural stability, important factors for reliable charge distributions. In addition, the common problem of converting between CH bonds and CC bonds at the border vanishes. We apply the procedure to the four redox-active metal centers of cytochrome c oxidase: CuA, haem a, haem a3, and CuB. Several relevant charge and ligand states are considered. Charges for two different force fields, CHARMM and AMBER, are presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008 [source] Performance and functional outcome of endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy in relation to obesity: an assessment of 500 patientsBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2008Evangelos Liatsikos OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of obesity on the performance and functional outcome of endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy (EERPE). PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively examined 500 patients treated with EERPE; they were categorized into three groups according to the World Health Organization classification of obesity: normal weight (body mass index, BMI, <25.0 kg/m2), overweight (25.0,29.9 kg/m2) and obese (30.0 kg/m2). The database of our institution was reviewed and perioperative data evaluated. The functional data were collected through questionnaires before and after EERPE and analysed statistically. RESULTS The age, prostate size and preoperative PSA level were similar in all three groups. The mean (sd) BMI was 27 (3.3) kg/m2, with 26.8%, 56.6% and 16.6% of the patients classed as normal, overweight and obese, respectively. A pelvic lymph node dissection and nerve-sparing was done in 218 and 123 patients, respectively. There was no statistically significance difference in the number of patients in each group who had previous procedures. Obese patients had a significantly higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score. The mean operative duration for all patients was 149 min; there was a statistically significant difference in duration among the three groups, with EERPE or nerve-sparing EERPE requiring a mean of 20 min more in obese patients. There was no conversion to open surgery. The estimated mean blood loss was 200 mL; four patients, none of them in the obese group, received a blood transfusion. At 3 months after EERPE there was a trend to worse continence in obese patients, but it was not statistically significant, and was not apparent at 6 months. There was no difference in transfusion rate and duration of catheterization. CONCLUSION EERPE seems to be a feasible and reproducible surgical technique in obese patients, although the operation takes longer. [source] | |||||||||||||