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Preventive Effects (preventive + effects)
Selected AbstractsPreventive Effects of Quercetin against Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced DNA Damages and Pulmonary Precancerous Pathologic Changes in MiceBASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Nian-zu Jin In this study, mice in quercetin-treated groups were given quercetin for 90 days. After one week of treatment, mice in the quercetin-treated groups and the positive control group received a single intraperitoneal dose of benzo[a]pyrene (100 mg/kg body weight). The results of single cell gel electrophoresis assay showed that the average lengths of the comet cell tail and DNA damage in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of mice induced by benzo[a]pyrene decreased significantly as a result of quercetin treatment dose-dependently. Light microscopic examination showed that the degrees of pulmonary precancerous pathologic changes in the quercetin-treated groups decreased significantly compared with those in the positive control group. Meanwhile, the cytochrome P4501A1-linked 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activities in lung microsomes of mice decreased as the dose of quercetin increased. The results of this in vivo study revealed that quercetin had a significant preventive effect on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage, and had a potential chemopreventive effect on the carcinogenesis of lung cancer induced by benzo[a]pyrene. The mechanism of these effects of quercetin could be related to the inhibition of cytochrome P4501A1 activity. [source] Preventive Effects of Isoflavones, Genistein and Daidzein, on Estradiol-17,-related Endometrial Carcinogenesis in MiceCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 7 2001Zenglin Lian The effects of isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) on endometrial carcinogenesis in mice were investigated in two experiments. In the short-term experiment (2 weeks), single subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of genistein [1 mg/30 g body weight (b.w.)] significantly decreased the levels of estradiol-l7, (E2) (5 ppm in diet)-induced expression of c-jun, interleukin-l, (IL-l,) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) mRNAs in the uteri of ovariectomized mice (P<0.005, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Daidzein significantly inhibited E2-induced expression of c-fos and IL-l, (P<0.01, P<0.01 respectively). In the long-term experiment (30 weeks), 140 female ICR mice were given N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-containing solution (1 mg/100 g b.w.) and normal saline (as controls) into their left and right uterine corpora, respectively. They were divided into six groups; group 1 was given E2 (in diet) alone. Group 2 was given E2 and genistein (1 mg/30 g b.w., s.c., every four weeks). Group 3 was exposed to E2 and daidzein (1 mg/30 g b.w., s.c., every four weeks). Groups 4 and 5 respectively received genistein and daidzein, and were kept on the basal diet. Group 6 was kept on the basal diet and served as a control. At the termination of the experiment, incidences of endometrial adenocarcinoma and atypical endometrial hyperplasia of the group given E2 and genistein or daidzein were significantly lower than of the group with E2 alone (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). It is suggested that both genistein and daidzein have an inhibitory effect on estrogen-related endometrial carcinogenesis in mice, possibly by suppressing expression of estrogen-induced estrogen-related genes c-fos and c-jun, and internal cytokines IL-l, and TNF-, through a cytokine and estrogen receptor-mediated pathway. [source] Preventive effects of ME3738 on hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in ratsHEPATOLOGY RESEARCH, Issue 7 2008Kazunori Maeda Aim:, The aim of this study was to examine the preventive effects of ME3738 on hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. Methods:, ME3738 (20 mg/day) was administered orally for 21 days immediately after BDL. Fibrosis was assessed by measuring hepatic hydroxyproline (Hyp) content. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were assessed by ,-smooth muscle actin (,-SMA) immunostaining. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunostaining were used to analyze oxidative stress. The gene expressions of collagen-I, transforming growth factor-,1 (TGF-,1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the liver were examined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT,PCR). Results:, Hepatic Hyp content and the area of hepatic fibrosis in BDL rats treated with ME3738 were reduced by 24% and 39% compared with non-treated BDL rats (hepatic Hyp, 9.40 ± 2.85 vs. 12.39 ± 3.91 mg/liver; P = 0.036; area of hepatic fibrosis, 13.1 ± 3.8 vs. 21.5 ± 10.9; P = 0.045). Furthermore, ,-SMA-positive cells were significantly reduced by 40% (22.3 ± 14.8 vs. 37.6 ± 14.2; P = 0.011), collagen-I mRNA by 83% (6.5 ± 2.2 vs. 38.3 ± 9.1; P = 0.002), HO-1 mRNA by 58% (4.13 ± 1.22 vs. 9.73 ± 1.80; P = 0.018) and hepatic HO-1 content by 26% (2.13 ± 0.80 vs. 2.87 ± 0.19; P = 0.01) following ME3738 treatment. The hepatic expression of TBARS, 4-HNE, 8-OHdG and mRNA levels of TGF-,1, TIMP-1 and IL-6 in the liver were unchanged by ME3738 treatment. Conclusion:, Oral ME3738 administration may prevent the progression of hepatic fibrosis in BDL rats through suppression of the activation and collagen synthesis of HSC and, in part, oxidative stress. ME3738 has potential as a therapeutic drug for cholestatic liver fibrosis. [source] Inflammatory processes of prostate tissue microenvironment drive rat prostate carcinogenesis: Preventive effects of celecoxibTHE PROSTATE, Issue 2 2009Narayanan K. Narayanan Abstract BACKGROUND Prostate tissue microenvironment is susceptible to several risk factors including carcinogens, dietary factors, hormones, cytokines and growth factors that could induce chronic inflammation. Because of the difference in the serum levels and the intrinsic ability of monocytes/macrophages to cause harm, the transcriptional responses triggered by inflammatory stimuli must be controlled. Unfortunately, an in-depth association between prostate cancer and potential mediators of inflammation has not been completely investigated. METHODS To determine whether activated macrophage (infiltrating monocytes), iNOS and NF-,B are primary mediators of inflammation, besides COX-2, in prostate carcinogenesis, we examined tissue sections of rat prostate tumor induced by N -methyl- N -nitrosourea (MNU) plus testosterone in a follow-up study. We performed H&E and immunohsitochemical staining of the prostate tissue to detect specific markers of inflammation. RESULTS We report an increase in infiltrating monocyte, iNOS, NF-,Bp65, VEGF and TNF-, at the early and advanced stages of tumor growth in MNU plus testosterone treated rats. Monocyte infiltration was often found in the stromal and perivascular regions of the DL prostate. We conclude for the first time that prostate cancer induced by MNU plus testosterone partly involves mediators of inflammation which could trigger the process of carcinogenesis and cause loss of apoptosis. Selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib at a dose of 500 mg/kg/bw administered for 52 weeks reduced infiltrating monocytes, inhibited iNOS, NF-,B p65 expression, induced apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition. CONCLUSION Carcinogen plus testosterone induced prostate carcinogenesis showing activation of macrophage, iNOS and NF-,Bp65 could be prevented by celecoxib or related anti-inflammatory agents. Prostate 69: 133,141, 2009. © 2008 Wiley,Liss, Inc. [source] Preventive effects of drinking green tea on cancer and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiological evidence for multiple targeting preventionBIOFACTORS, Issue 1-4 2000Kei Nakachi Abstract The significance of drinking green tea in prevention of two of the main lifestyle-related diseases, cancer and cardiovascular disease, was demonstrated in terms of a prospective cohort study on a total of 8,552 general residents in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. On the basis of the follow-up study, we revealed decreased relative risk of cancer incidence for those consuming over 10 cups a day, compared with those consuming below 3 cups: 0.54 (95% men, 0.57 (0.34,0.98) for women, and 0.59 (0.35,0.98) for both sexes. Furthermore, a significant delay in cancer onset was associated with increased consumption of green tea. Next, decreased relative risk of death from cardiovascular disease was 0.58 (0.34,0.99) for men, 0.82 (0.49,1.38) for women, and 0.72 (0.60,1.04) for members of both sexes consuming over 10 cups a day. Finally, we evaluated the life-prolonging effects of drinking green tea on cumulative survival, using the life table. [source] Preventing depression: a randomized trial of interpersonal psychotherapy-adolescent skills training,DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 5 2010Jami F. Young Ph.D. Abstract Background: The study evaluated the efficacy of an indicated prevention program for adolescent depression. Methods: Fifty-seven adolescents with elevated depression symptoms were randomized to receive Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST) or school counseling (SC). Hierarchical linear modeling examined differences in rates of change in depression symptoms and overall functioning and analysis of covariance examined mean differences between groups. Rates of depression diagnoses in the 18-month follow-up period were compared. Results: Adolescents in IPT-AST reported significantly greater rates of change in depression symptoms and overall functioning than SC adolescents from baseline to post-intervention. At post-intervention, IPT-AST adolescents reported significantly fewer depression symptoms and better overall functioning. During the follow-up phase, rates of change slowed for the IPT-AST adolescents, whereas the SC adolescents continued to show improvements. By 12-month follow-up, there were no significant mean differences in depression symptoms or overall functioning between the two groups. IPT-AST adolescents reported significantly fewer depression diagnoses in the first 6 months following the intervention but by 12-month follow-up the difference in rates of diagnoses was no longer significant. Conclusions: IPT-AST leads to an immediate reduction in depression symptoms and improvement in overall functioning. However, the benefits of IPT-AST are not consistent beyond the 6-month follow-up, suggesting that the preventive effects of the program in its current format are limited. Future studies are needed to examine whether booster sessions lengthen the long-term effects of IPT-AST. Depression and Anxiety, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] PREVENTION PROGRAMS FOR DIVORCED NONRESIDENT FATHERSFAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 1 2005Sanford L. Braver Divorced nonresident fathers are a promising target for preventive efforts to assist families after divorce. The research literature suggests that such programs should focus both on the frequency and the quality of the child's contact with the father, as well as the quality of postdivorce mother,father relations. Dads For Life (DFL) is the program for this target group with the most convincing evidence of preventive effects. This eight-week program centers on professionally made videos. It was tested in a randomized trial with 214 families. In comparison to control families, children in families in which the father participated in DFL had significantly lower internalizing problems. The preventive impact of DFL was strongest for the most troubled youngsters. [source] Preventive effects of ME3738 on hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in ratsHEPATOLOGY RESEARCH, Issue 7 2008Kazunori Maeda Aim:, The aim of this study was to examine the preventive effects of ME3738 on hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. Methods:, ME3738 (20 mg/day) was administered orally for 21 days immediately after BDL. Fibrosis was assessed by measuring hepatic hydroxyproline (Hyp) content. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were assessed by ,-smooth muscle actin (,-SMA) immunostaining. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunostaining were used to analyze oxidative stress. The gene expressions of collagen-I, transforming growth factor-,1 (TGF-,1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the liver were examined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT,PCR). Results:, Hepatic Hyp content and the area of hepatic fibrosis in BDL rats treated with ME3738 were reduced by 24% and 39% compared with non-treated BDL rats (hepatic Hyp, 9.40 ± 2.85 vs. 12.39 ± 3.91 mg/liver; P = 0.036; area of hepatic fibrosis, 13.1 ± 3.8 vs. 21.5 ± 10.9; P = 0.045). Furthermore, ,-SMA-positive cells were significantly reduced by 40% (22.3 ± 14.8 vs. 37.6 ± 14.2; P = 0.011), collagen-I mRNA by 83% (6.5 ± 2.2 vs. 38.3 ± 9.1; P = 0.002), HO-1 mRNA by 58% (4.13 ± 1.22 vs. 9.73 ± 1.80; P = 0.018) and hepatic HO-1 content by 26% (2.13 ± 0.80 vs. 2.87 ± 0.19; P = 0.01) following ME3738 treatment. The hepatic expression of TBARS, 4-HNE, 8-OHdG and mRNA levels of TGF-,1, TIMP-1 and IL-6 in the liver were unchanged by ME3738 treatment. Conclusion:, Oral ME3738 administration may prevent the progression of hepatic fibrosis in BDL rats through suppression of the activation and collagen synthesis of HSC and, in part, oxidative stress. ME3738 has potential as a therapeutic drug for cholestatic liver fibrosis. [source] Zearalenone induces immunotoxicity in mice: possible protective effects of radish extract (Raphanus sativus)JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 6 2008Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès Radish (Raphanus sativus) has been extensively studied for its preventive effects against different degenerative diseases. Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp and is frequently implicated in immunological disorders and occasionally in hyperoestrogenic syndromes contributing to the increased risk of cancer and other diseases. The aims of this study were, firstly, to quantitatively evaluate the Tunisian radish extract (TRE) for its total flavonoids, isothiocyanates and antioxidant activity and, secondly, to investigate the protective role of TRE against immune system disorders in Balb/c mice treated with ZEN for two weeks. The results indicated that mice treated with ZEN (40 mg kg,1) alone showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes of the total white blood cells, immunoglobulin profile (IgG and IgM), B cells, T-cell sub-types (CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+) and natural killer and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mice treated with TRE (5, 10 or 15 mg kg,1) for 7 days before, during or after ZEN treatment, however, showed a significant improvement in lymphocyte, immunoglobulin profile, T-cell sub-types, B cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, treatment with the highest dose of TRE (15 mgkg,1) enhanced the release of tumour necrosis factor-, and interleukin-1, but the other parameters were comparable with those of the control. It could be concluded that TRE was effective in protecting against ZEN-induced immunological disorders. These results supported our hypothesis that TRE contains several compounds that are able to prevent or inhibit ZEN toxicity. [source] Preventive effect of Aegle marmelos leaf extract on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats: biochemical evidenceJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 10 2005P. Stanely Mainzen Prince We have evaluated the preventive effects of an aqueous Aegle marmelos leaf extract (AMLEt) in isoprenaline (isoproterenol)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Rats were pretreated with AMLEt (50, 100 or 200 mg kg,1) for 35 days. After the treatment period, isoprenaline (200 mg kg,1) was administered subcutaneously to rats at an interval of 24 h for two days. The activity of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly increased in serum and significantly decreased in heart of isoprenaline-treated rats. Pretreatment with AMLEt decreased the activity of CK and LDH in serum and increased them in the heart. The activity of sodium-potassium dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na+K+ATPase) was significantly decreased while the activity of calcium dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+ATPase) was simultaneously increased in the heart and aorta. AMLEt pretreatment increased the activity of Na+K+ATPase and decreased the activity of Ca2+ATPase in the heart and aorta simultaneously. The levels of cholesterol and triglycerides increased, while the levels of phospholipids decreased in the heart and aorta of isoprenaline-treated rats. In AMLEt-pretreated rats the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides decreased whereas phospholipids increased in heart and aorta. All the deranged biochemical parameters were restored with 200 mg kg,1 AMLEt. Similarly ,-tocopherol (60 mg kg,1)-pretreatment to isoprenaline-treated rats exhibited a significant effect on all the parameters studied. The results from this study may have clinical relevance. [source] Melatonin ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver induced by high-fat diet in ratsJOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2006Min Pan Abstract:, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly recognized condition that may progress to end-stage liver disease, which ranges from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are key pathophysiological mechanisms in NAFLD. We investigate the preventive effects of intraperitoneal administration of melatonin (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg, daily, respectively) in NAFLD rats induced by high-fat diets for 12 wk. Liver damage was evaluated by serological analysis, serum and hepatic lipid assay as well as hematoxylin,eosin staining in liver sections. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation were assessed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in liver. The results showed that high-fat diet induced oxidative stress with extensive liver steatosis in rats. Melatonin (5 or 10 mg/kg) was effective in reducing hepatic steatosis and inflammation with lowering serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and levels liver total cholesterol and triglycerides in high-fat diet rats. Moreover, melatonin (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) increased SOD and GSH-Px activities and the 10 mg/kg dose of melatonin reduced MDA levels in liver. This study shows that melatonin exerts protective effects against fatty liver in rats induced by high-fat diet possibly through its antioxidant actions. [source] Folic acid and orofacial clefts: a review of the evidenceORAL DISEASES, Issue 1 2010GL Wehby Orofacial clefts are common and burdensome birth defects with a complex genetic and environmental etiology. The contribution of nutritional factors and supplements to the etiology of orofacial clefts has long been theorized and studied. Multiple studies have evaluated the role of folic acid in the occurrence and recurrence of orofacial clefts, using observational and non-randomized interventional designs. While preventive effects of folic acid on orofacial clefts are commonly reported, the evidence remains generally inconsistent. This paper reviews the findings of the main studies of the effects of folic acid on orofacial clefts, summarizes study limitations, and discusses research needs with a focus on studying the effects of high dosage folic acid on the recurrence of oral clefts using a randomized clinical trial design. The role of folic acid in the prevention of neural tube defects is also briefly summarized and discussed as a reference model for orofacial clefts. [source] Structured extracurricular activities among adolescents: Findings and implications for school psychologistsPSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 1 2004Rich Gilman One factor that contributes to adolescent positive mental health is active engagement. Engagement is defined as any activity that is initiated to attain an outcome. In general, two forms of activities exist that correspond with engagement: solitary, non-structured, and non-cooperative pursuits, often without adult supervision (e.g., playing video games, watching television) and highly structured, collaborative activities that are under the guidance of a competent set of adults (i.e., structured extracurricular activities, or SEAs). Although large amounts of time spent in unstructured activities is related to negative psychosocial outcomes, participation in SEAs has been related to a variety of positive outcomes for students. This paper reviews current research regarding adolescent participation in SEAs and its effects on academic and personal-social variables (i.e., self-concept, life satisfaction), as well as potential preventive effects for youths considered to be "at-risk" for negative developmental outcomes. The paper also examines research investigating the potential benefits and shortcomings of different types of SEAs. Finally, suggestions for future research and school-based preventive intervention are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 31,41, 2004. [source] Baseline Leptin Levels Predict Change in Leptin Levels During Weight Loss in Obese Breast Cancer SurvivorsTHE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 2 2007Ananda Sen PhD Abstract:, Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone involved in regulation of satiety, and it also appears to have a role in breast cancer risk. Leptin therefore might be a useful indicator of the potential preventive effects of weight loss in breast cancer survivors. In this study we examined whether the change in leptin levels could be predicted by weight loss in obese breast cancer survivors. The subjects in this study were participating in a randomized trial of an individualized approach towards weight loss in Detroit, MI. Breast cancer survivors (body mass index of 30,44 kg/m2) were enrolled and fasting blood samples were obtained for leptin analysis over 1 year of study. Leptin levels were available from at least two time points for 36 women, and weight change ranged from a gain of 11% to a loss of 25% of baseline weight. Using a repeated-measures regression model, both baseline leptin level and concurrent percent body fat were found to synergistically predict leptin levels. Thus, for women with the same body fat, those with higher baseline leptin levels are predicted to exhibit smaller decreases in leptin with weight loss. Similar results were obtained for body weight and body weight change, but the associations with body fat were stronger. Breast cancer survivors with initially higher leptin levels may differ with regard to regulation of change in leptin during weight loss resulting in relatively smaller changes in leptin with equivalent amounts of weight loss. [source] C-peptide prevents nociceptive sensory neuropathy in type 1 diabetesANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 6 2004Hideki Kamiya MD We examined the effects of C-peptide replacement on unmyelinated fiber function in the hind paw, sural nerve C-fiber morphometry, sciatic nerve neurotrophins, and the expression of neurotrophic receptors and content of neuropeptides in dorsal root ganglia in type 1 diabetic BB/Wor-rats. C-peptide replacement from onset of diabetes had no effect on hyperglycemia, but it significantly prevented progressive thermal hyperalgesia and prevented C-fiber atrophy, degeneration, and loss. These findings were associated with preventive effects on impaired availability of nerve growth factor and neurotrophin 3 in the sciatic nerve and significant prevention of perturbed expression of insulin, insulin growth factor,1, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin 3 receptors in dorsal root ganglion cells. These beneficial effects translated into prevention of the decreased content of dorsal root ganglia nociceptive peptides such as substance P and calcitonin gene,related peptide. From these findings we conclude that replacement of insulinomimetic C-peptide prevents abnormalities of neurotrophins, their receptors, and nociceptive neuropeptides in type 1 BB/Wor-rats, resulting in the prevention of C-fiber pathology and nociceptive sensory nerve dysfunction. The data indicate that perturbed insulin/C-peptide action plays an important pathogenetic role in nociceptive sensory neuropathy and that C-peptide replacement may be of benefit in treating painful diabetic neuropathy in insulin-deficient diabetic conditions. Ann Neurol 2004 [source] The antioxidative function, preventive action on disease and utilization of proanthocyanidinsBIOFACTORS, Issue 1-4 2004Toshiaki Ariga Abstract Proanthocyanidins, which belong to a class of polyphenols, are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Most people ingest trace amounts of proanthocyanidins through foods such as red wine and cranberry juice. However, the functional properties of proanthocyanidins have been little understood. Since 1983, we have studied the antioxidative functions, preventive actions on diseases and utilization of proanthocyanidins. The antioxidative activities of proanthocyanidins were found to be much stronger than vitamin C or vitamin E in aqueous systems. The mechanisms for their antioxidative actions were shown to involve radical scavenging, quenching, and enzyme-inhibiting actions. The preventive actions of proanthcyanidins on diseases relating to reactive oxygen species was examined using animal tests. Proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract was showed to have preventive actions on diseases such as atherosclerosis, gastric ulcer, large bowel cancer, cataracts and diabetes. In human intervention trials, grape seed extract was shown to have preventive effects on the increase in lipid peroxides in human plasma after exercise and on muscle fatigue after training. The uses and manufacturing techniques of proanthocyanidin products were subsequently developed. The products were launched as antioxidants in food additives, ingredients in nutritional supplements, and cosmetics. [source] Physiological effects and active ingredients of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb fruits on oxidative stressBIOFACTORS, Issue 1-4 2004Kunihisa Iwai Abstract The fruit of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb, called gamazumi in Japan, showed the strong antioxidant activities, and its preventive effects on oxidative stress and active ingredients were investigated. Male rats were subjected to water immersion restraint stress for 6 hours, after ingestion of the gamazumi crude extract (GCE) for 2 weeks. The formation of gastric ulcer was reduced, and the lipid peroxidation in plasma and organs also lowered in rats ingested GCE. In the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats given GCE for 10 weeks, inhibition of lipid peroxidation in plasma, erythrocytes and organs was observed, and the increase of plasma glucose level also lowered. On the other hand, two cyanidin glycosides, two chlorogenic acids and quercetin were identified, and especially cyanidin 3-sambubioside (Cy 3-sam) showed the strong radical scavenging activity. It is suggested that Cy 3-sam is a key compound contributing to the physiological effects of V. dilatatum fruit. [source] | |||||||||||||