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Prevalence Survey (prevalence + survey)
Selected AbstractsEffect of non-response bias in pressure ulcer prevalence studiesJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 2 2006Nils Lahmann BA RN Aim., This paper reports a study to determine the prevalence of pressure ulcers in German hospitals and nursing homes for national and international comparison, and analyses the influence of non-response bias. Background., Outcome rates are often used to evaluate provider performance. The prevalence of pressure ulcers is seen as a possible parameter of outcome healthcare quality. However, the results from different pressure ulcer prevalence studies cannot be compared, because there is no standardized methodology and terminology. Observed and published prevalence rates may reflect variations in quality of care, but differences could also relate to differences in case-mix or to random variation. Methods., A point prevalence survey was carried out for 2002 and 2003 using data from 21,574 patients and residents in 147 different kinds of institutions throughout Germany. Participation rates and reasons for not participating in the study were documented. Non-responders were considered in different calculations to show the range of possible prevalence rate for a hypothetic 100% participation. Results., In 2002 and 2003, the calculated prevalence rate (among participating persons at risk) in hospitals was 25·1% and 24·2% respectively, while in nursing homes it was 17·3% and 12·5% respectively. Non-response varied from 15·1% to 25·1%. The majority of non-responders in hospitals and nursing homes had not been willing to participate in the study. Based on different assumptions about the characteristics of the non-responders, we calculated minimum and maximum prevalence rates as if 100% participation was achieved. Conclusions., Calculating the non-response bias of prevalence rates is an inconvenient but necessary thing to do because its influence on calculated prevalence rates was high in this study. High participation rates in clinical studies will minimize non-response bias. If non-response cannot be avoided, the formula provided will help researchers calculate possible minimum and maximum prevalence rates for the total sample of both the responding and non-responding groups. [source] Is the Prevalence of Paget's Disease of Bone Decreasing?,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue S2 2006Tim Cundy Abstract Secular trends in the severity and prevalence of Paget's disease over a 30-year period are described. Paget's disease has become less prevalent and patients are presenting later, with less severe disease than previously. These data suggest that environmental factors are important in the etiology of Paget's disease. Introduction: Data from several countries support the view that there are important secular trends in the prevalence and severity of Paget's disease. In this paper, recent trends in the epidemiology of Paget's disease are described. Materials and Methods: A database of all newly referred patients (n = 1487) with Paget's disease (1973,2002 inclusive, 30 years) was examined. Of these subjects, 56% had scintiscans. Plasma total alkaline phosphatase (total ALP) activity and disease extent on scintiscan were used as indices of severity. A radiographic prevalence survey of 1019 subjects of European origin >55 years of age in Dunedin was undertaken,,20 years after an earlier survey had shown New Zealand to be a high prevalence area. Results: The number of new referrals with Paget's disease declined sharply from 1994 onward, to one half the rate seen 20 years earlier, whereas the mean age at presentation increased by 4 years per decade (p < 0.0001). Total ALP at diagnosis, disease extent on scintiscan, and the number of bones involved were all negatively correlated with both date of birth (p < 0.0001) and year of presentation (p < 0.0001), indicating that more recently born and presenting subjects had substantially less severe bone disease. The radiographic survey showed that the current prevalence was only ,50% of that in the 1983 survey (p = 0.012). Conclusions: Although there are a number of potential biases, these data are consistent with a continued secular trend to presentation in older subjects with less extensive skeletal involvement and a declining prevalence of Paget's disease. [source] Determinants of basal plasma gastrin levels in the general populationJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 11 2000Hedley G Peach Abstract Background: There is considerable variation in basal plasma gastrin levels in healthy subjects. Although high plasma gastrin levels may be causally associated with duodenal ulcer and colorectal cancer, there has been little research to identify the factors that determine basal gastrin levels in the general population. Methods:Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies and fasting basal gastrin concentrations were measured in 134 males and 137 females who had participated in a cardiovascular disease risk factor prevalence survey and for whom frozen plasma was available. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of basal plasma gastrin concentration. Results: The determinants of basal plasma gastrin concentration were H. pylori infection (B = 0.12 ± 0.03; P = 0.0001), age in deciles (B = 0.02 ± 0.01; P = 0.03), hazardous drinking (B = 0.10 ± 0.05; P = 0.07) and gender (B = 0.05 ± 0.03; P = 0.06), but not education, neighborhood socioeconomic index, smoking, body mass index, vigorous exercise or medication known to affect basal plasma gastrin concentration. Ten percent (± 3) of seropositive subjects had a high basal plasma gastrin concentration > 90 pg/mL compared with only 2% (± 1) of seronegative subjects. Conclusions:Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the few modifiable determinants of basal plasma gastrin levels in the general population. [source] A prevalence survey for zoonotic enteric bacteria in a research monkey colony with specific emphasis on the occurrence of enteric YersiniaJOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2001Stephen J. Vore Transmissible pathogenic and opportunistic zoonotic enteric bacteria comprise a recognized occupational health threat to exposed humans from non-human primates (NHPs). In an effort to evaluate the occurrence of selected enteric organisms with zoonotic and biohazard potential in a research colony setting, we performed a prevalence study examining 61 juvenile and young adult rhesus macaques participating in a transplant immunology project. Primary emphasis was directed specifically to detection of pathogenic enteric Yersinia, less well-documented and reported NHP pathogens possessing recognized significant human disease potential. NHPs were surveyed by rectal culture during routine health monitoring on three separate occasions, and samples incubated using appropriate media and specific selective culture methods. Enteric organisms potentially transmissible to humans were subcultured and identified to genus and species. Significant human pathogens of the Salmonella/Shigella, Campylobacter, and enteric Yersinia groups were not isolated throughout the survey, suggesting prevalence of these organisms may generally be quite low. [source] Transient exacerbation of ataxia with smoking: A prevalence surveyMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 6 2009Raquel C. Gardner MD [source] Prevalence of colonisation with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in ICU patients of Heidelberg University HospitalsCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 5 2004H. Von Baum Abstract The aim of this study was to assess colonisation and transmission of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) from patients in 16 intensive care units. A prospective, repetitive point prevalence survey was performed over 6 months, involving samples from 1851 patients. CRE were isolated from 186 (10%) patients, with Enterobacter spp. being the most common. Mean point prevalence rates were significantly higher for paediatric wards (22.5%) compared to surgical (8.1%) and medical (5.5%) units. All CRE isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Non-outbreak nosocomial transmission rates of these pathogens were calculated as 12.8% for paediatric patients, compared to 6.8% for adult patients, which may reflect differences in sensitivity to overgrowth with resistant bacteria and contact with health care workers. [source] WHO-ILAR-COPCORD in the Asia-Pacific: the past, present and futureINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES, Issue 1 2008Syed Atiqul HAQ Abstract The aim of the Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Disorders (COPCORD) is reduction of community burden of rheumatic disorders, particularly in developing communities. Stage I entails estimation of prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal pain and rheumatic disorders. Stage II is dedicated to education of health workers, patients and the community. Stage III deals with identification of risk factors for common rheumatic disorders and development of strategies for their primary and secondary prevention. So far Stage I data have been reported from 15 countries in the Asia-Pacific countries. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain has varied from 11.6% to 45.4%. The commonest sites of pain were low back, knee, neck and shoulder. Commonest rheumatic disorders were osteoarthritis of knees, non-specific low back pain and soft tissue rheumatism. A few scattered educational activities have been reported from Indonesia and India. Systematic case-controlled or cohort studies aimed at finding out the risk factors for common rheumatic disorders were scanty. However, several associations were reported from cross-sectional prevalence surveys. It is imperative that the COPCORD investigators in the Asia-Pacific region focus on finding out the modifiable risk factors for rheumatic disorders with properly designed studies, develop preventive strategies on the basis of identified risk factors and carry out interventional studies to test the efficacy of the strategies with validated outcome instruments. [source] Effects of changing risk factors on increasing asthma prevalence in southern TaiwanPAEDIATRIC & PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Hui-chun A. Tsuang Summary The study sought to identify factors with consistent relationships with the prevalence of asthma and postulate causes for the increasing prevalence. Reduplication of prevalence surveys was conducted among children of similar ages (6,12 years) from the same area (Tainan City, Taiwan). A total of 7523 primary school children from 1993 and 7224 from 1997 participated in the study. The reported prevalence of diagnosed asthma increased from 6.46% in 1993 to 8.45% in 1997 (relative risk 1.31, 95% CI 1.16, 1.47). Among all environment- and heredity-related factors examined, only four showed consistent relationships with childhood asthma, and all appeared to be a related hereditary condition. Dander allergy is the only factor that increased correspondingly with the prevalence of childhood asthma; therefore, it seems to be the most likely key factor responsible for the increasing trend. The investigation of the interactive effects imposed by the environment- (dander exposure) and heredity-related (atopic sensitisation) factors are recommended for further studies. [source] | ||||||||||