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Kinds of Press Terms modified by Press Selected AbstractsPhase-rotation in in-vivo localized spectroscopyCONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE, Issue 3 2007Saadallah Ramadan Abstract Phase-rotation is an alternative method to phase-cycling in acquisition of magnetic resonance spectroscopic data. However, there has only been two papers describing its implementation in point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) to date. This article aims to introduce and explain the principles of phase-rotation, describe the implementations that were carried out so far in the current literature, compare phase-rotation and phase-cycling experimentally, and introduce the application of phase-rotation in double-quantum filtered (DQF) spectroscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 30A: 147,153, 2007 [source] A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of Metabolites in the Occipital Lobes in EpilepsyEPILEPSIA, Issue 4 2003Robert J. Simister Summary: ,Purpose: ,-Amino butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, respectively the principal inhibitory and excitatory neurochemicals in the brain, are visible to proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). We report a study of GABA+ (GABA plus homocarnosine) and GLX (glutamate plus glutamine) concentrations in the occipital lobes in patients with idiopathic generalised epilepsy (IGE) and in patients with occipital lobe epilepsy (OLE). Methods: Fifteen patients with IGE, 15 patients with OLE, and 15 healthy volunteers were studied. A single voxel was prescribed in the occipital lobes for each subject. PRESS localised short-echo-time MRS was performed to measure GLX by using LCModel. A double quantum GABA filter was used to measure GABA+. Segmented T1 -weighted images gave the tissue composition of the prescribed voxel. Results: Grey-matter proportion, GLX, and GABA+ were all elevated in IGE. However, analysis using grey-matter proportion as a covariable showed no significant group differences. No correlation was observed between GABA+ concentration and either seizure frequency or time since last seizure. Conclusions: GLX and GABA+ were elevated in IGE. Elevated grey-matter content in the IGE group despite normal MRI appearance can be expected to account for some or all of this observed elevation of GLX and GABA+. GABA+ concentration did not correlate with seizure control or duration since most recent seizure. [source] Non-parametric statistical methods for multivariate calibration model selection and comparison,JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS, Issue 12 2003Edward V. Thomas Abstract Model selection is an important issue when constructing multivariate calibration models using methods based on latent variables (e.g. partial least squares regression and principal component regression). It is important to select an appropriate number of latent variables to build an accurate and precise calibration model. Inclusion of too few latent variables can result in a model that is inaccurate over the complete space of interest. Inclusion of too many latent variables can result in a model that produces noisy predictions through incorporation of low-order latent variables that have little or no predictive value. Commonly used metrics for selecting the number of latent variables are based on the predicted error sum of squares (PRESS) obtained via cross-validation. In this paper a new approach for selecting the number of latent variables is proposed. In this new approach the prediction errors of individual observations (obtained from cross-validation) are compared across models incorporating varying numbers of latent variables. Based on these comparisons, non-parametric statistical methods are used to select the simplest model (least number of latent variables) that provides prediction quality that is indistinguishable from that provided by more complex models. Unlike methods based on PRESS, this new approach is robust to the effects of anomalous observations. More generally, the same approach can be used to compare the performance of any models that are applied to the same data set where reference values are available. The proposed methodology is illustrated with an industrial example involving the prediction of gasoline octane numbers from near-infrared spectra. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Computational modeling of tetrahydroimidazo-[4,5,1-jk][1,4]-benzodiazepinone derivatives: An atomistic drug design approach using Kier-Hall electrotopological state (E-state) indicesJOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Issue 11 2008Nitin S. Sapre Abstract Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), based on E-state indices have been developed for a series of tetrahydroimidazo-[4,5,1-jk]-benzodiazepinone derivatives against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT). Statistical modeling using multiple linear regression technique in predicting the anti-HIV activity yielded a good correlation for the training set (R2 = 0.913, R = 0.897, Q2 = 0.849, MSE = 0.190, F -ratio = 59.97, PRESS = 18.05, SSE = 0.926, and p value = 0.00). Leave-one-out cross-validation also reaffirmed the predictions (R2 = 0.850, R = 0.824, Q2 = 0.849, MSE = 0.328, and PRESS = 18.05). The predictive ability of the training set was also cross-validated by a test set (R2 = 0.812, R = 0.799, Q2 = 0.765, MSE = 0.347, F -ratio = 64.69, PRESS = 7.37, SSE = 0.975, and p value = 0.00), which ascertained a satisfactory quality of fit. The results reflect the substitution pattern and suggest that the presence of a bulky and electropositive group in the five-member ring and electron withdrawing groups in the seven-member ring will have a positive impact on the antiviral activity of the derivatives. Bulky groups in the six-member ring do not show an activity-enhancing impact. Outlier analysis too reconfirms our findings. The E-state descriptors indicate their importance in quantifying the electronic characteristics of a molecule and thus can be used in chemical interpretation of electronic and steric factors affecting the biological activity of compounds. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008 [source] Proton MR spectroscopic imaging of the medulla and cervical spinal cord,JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 4 2007Richard A.E. Edden PhD Abstract Purpose To demonstrate the feasibility of quantitative, one-dimensional proton MR spectroscopic imaging (1D-MRSI) of the upper cervical spine and medulla at 3.0 Tesla. Materials and Methods A method was developed for 1D-point-resolved spectroscopy sequence (PRESS)-MRSI, exciting signal in five voxels extending from the pontomedullary junction to the level of the C3 vertebra, and performed in 10 healthy volunteers to generate control data. Results High-resolution 1D-MRSI data were obtained from all 10 subjects. Upper cervical spine concentrations of choline, creatine, and N-acetyl aspartate were estimated to be 2.8 ± 0.5, 8.8 ± 1.8, and 10.9 ± 2.7 mM, respectively, while in the medulla they were 2.6 ± 0.5, 9.1 ± 1.7, and 10.8 ± 0.9 mM. Conclusion Quantitative 1D-MRSI of the upper cervical spine has been shown to be feasible at 3.0 Tesla. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:1101,1105. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Significant differences in proton trimethyl ammonium signals between human gastrocnemius and soleus muscleJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 5 2004Jiani Hu PhD Abstract Purpose To study the apparent heterogeneous characteristics of trimethyl ammonium (TMA) in healthy human muscles at rest, and to illustrate the importance of establishing the baseline characteristics of proton metabolites in muscles with a West Nile patient. Materials and Methods Point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) with lipid suppression and optional outer-volume presaturation were used to acquire 1H spectra of human muscles at rest at 1.5 Tesla. A total of 28 subjects (27 normal volunteers and 1 patient with West Nile disease) between the ages of 22 and 76 participated in the study. Results The apparent T2 values of TMA for soleus and gastrocnemius muscles in normal volunteers are 180 ± 50 and 80 ± 20 msec, respectively. This difference has profound effects on the apparent spectral pattern of 1H metabolites. The TMA/total creatine (tCr) spectral pattern of the soleus muscle of a West Nile patient resembles that of gastrocnemius muscle of healthy volunteers. Conclusion There are significant differences in the apparent T2 values of TMA between healthy soleus and gastrocnemius muscles at rest. It is important to establish the baseline characteristics of proton metabolites before clinical or physiological studies can be performed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:617,622. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Proton spectroscopic metabolite signal relaxation times in preterm infants: A prerequisite for quantitative spectroscopy in infant brainJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 6 2003Harald Kugel PhD Abstract Purpose To determine relaxation times of metabolite signals in proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectra of immature brain, which allow a correction of relaxation that is necessary for a quantitative evaluation of spectra acquired with long TE. Proton MR spectra acquired with long TE allow a better definition of metabolites as N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and lactate especially in children. Materials and Methods Relaxation times were determined in the basal ganglia of 84 prematurely born infants at a postconceptional age of 37.8 ± 2.2 (mean ± SD) weeks. Metabolite resonances were investigated using the double-spin-echo volume selection method (PRESS) at 1.5 T. T1 was determined from intensity ratios of signals obtained with TRs of 1884 and 6000 msec, measured at 3 TEs (25 msec, 136 msec, 272 msec). T2 was determined from signal intensity ratios obtained with TEs of 136 msec and 272 msec, measured at 2 TR. Taking only long TEs reduced baseline distortions by macromolecules and lipids. For myo-inositol (MI), an apparent T2 for short TE was determined from the ratio of signals obtained with TE = 25 msec and 136 msec. Intensities were determined by fitting a Lorentzian to the resonance, and by integration. Results Relaxation times were as follows: trimethylamine-containing compounds (Cho): T1 = 1217 msec/T2 = 273 msec; total creatine (Cr) at 3.9 ppm: 1010 msec/111 msec; Cr at 3.0 ppm: 1388 msec/224 msec; NAA: 1171 msec/499 msec; Lac: 1820 msec/1022 msec; MI: 1336 msec/173 msec; apparent T2 at short TE: 68 msec. Conclusion T1 and T2 in the basal ganglia of premature infants do not differ much from previously published data from basal ganglia of older children and adults. T2 of Cho was lower than previous values. T2 of Cr at 3.9 ppm and Lac have been measured under different conditions before, and present values differ from these data. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:634,640. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] In vivo and in vitro MR spectroscopic profile of central neurocytomasJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 2 2003Rama Jayasundar PhD Abstract This study reports in vivo and in vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopic findings in two cases of central neurocytomas (CNC) confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Volume localized in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was carried out before surgery using a point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence with a repetition time of six seconds and an echo time of 135 msec. Normal spectrum was obtained from gray matter from a volunteer for comparison. 1H and 31P in vitro MRS studies were carried out at 9.4 T on the extracts prepared from the surgically excised tumors. The in vivo spectra showed prominent glycine (Gly) and choline (Cho) and low N-acetyl aspartate compared to the normal. The Gly peak was assigned using the in vitro studies. These studies showed that the major contribution to the Cho peak observed in vivo is from phosphocholine. A combination of the presence of NAA and an increased Gly in the proton MR spectrum could be a characteristic feature of CNCs, which are rare intraventricular tumors of neuronal origin. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:256,260. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Comparison of spectral fitting methods for overlapping J-coupled metabolite resonancesMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE, Issue 3 2010A. Gonenc Abstract There is increasing interest in the use of two-dimensional J-resolved spectroscopic acquisition (multiecho) methods for in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy due to the improved discrimination of overlapping J-coupled multiplet resonances that is provided. Of particular interest is the potential for discrimination of the overlapping resonances of glutamate and glutamine. In this study, a new time-domain parametric spectral model that makes use of all available data is described for fitting the complete two-dimensional multiecho data, and the performance of this method was compared with fitting of one-dimensional spectra obtained following averaging multiecho data (echo time-averaged) and single-echo time PRESS (Point Resolved Spectroscopy) acquired spectra. These methods were compared using data obtained from a phantom containing typical brain metabolites and a human brain. Results indicate that improved performance and accuracy is obtained for the two-dimensional acquisition and spectral fitting model. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] In vivo differentiation of N-acetyl aspartyl glutamate from N-acetyl aspartate at 3 TeslaMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE, Issue 6 2007Richard A.E. Edden Abstract A method is described that allows the in vivo differentiation of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) from N-acetyl aspartyl glutamate (NAAG) by in vivo MR spectroscopy (MRS) at 3 Tesla (3T). The method, which is based on MEGA-point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) editing, selectively targets the aspartyl spin system of one species while deliberately removing the other species from the spectrum. This allows quantitative measurements of NAA and NAAG without the need for fitting of unresolved peaks. White matter concentrations of NAA (6.7 ± 0.3 mM) and NAAG (2.2 ± 0.3 mM) were measured in 10 healthy volunteers to demonstrate the method. Magn Reson Med 57:977,982, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Unaliasing lipid contamination for MR spectroscopic imaging of gliomas at 3T using sensitivity encoding (SENSE),MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE, Issue 5 2006Esin Ozturk-Isik Abstract 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has been successfully employed to extract information about brain tumor metabolism, such as cell membrane breakdown, cellular energetics, and neuronal integrity, through its ability to differentiate signals coming from choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) molecules. The additional presence of lipids within subregions of the tumor may indicate cellular membrane breakdown due to cell death. Another potential source of lipids is subcutaneous fat, which may be excited with point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) volume selection and aliased into the spectral field of view (FOV) due to the chemical shift artifact and the low bandwidth of the selection pulses. The purpose of our study was to employ a postprocessing method for unaliasing lipid resonances originating from in-slice subcutaneous lipids from the 3D MRSI of gliomas at 3T, using an eight-channel phased-array coil and sensitivity encoding (SENSE). Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Which pulse sequence is optimal for myo-inositol detection at 3T?NMR IN BIOMEDICINE, Issue 4 2009Ileana Hancu Abstract Optimized myo-inositol (mI) detection is important for diagnosing and monitoring a multitude of pathological conditions of the brain. Simulations are presented in this work, performed to decide which pulse sequence has the most significant advantage in terms of improving repeatability and accuracy of mI measurements at 3T over the pulse sequence used typically in the clinic, a TE,=,35,ms PRESS sequence. Five classes of pulse sequences, four previously suggested for optimized mI detection (a short TE PRESS, a Carr-Purcell PRESS sequence, an optimized STEAM sequence, an optimized zero quantum filter), and one optimized for mI detection in this work (a single quantum filter) were compared to a standard, TE,=,35,ms pulse sequence. While limiting the SNR of an acquisition to the equivalent SNR of a spectrum acquired in 5,min from an 8,cc voxel, it was found through simulations that the most repeatable mI measurements would be obtained with a Carr-Purcell sequence. This sequence was implemented in a clinical scanner, and improved mI measurements were demonstrated in vivo. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] k-space analysis of point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) with regard to spurious echoes in in vivo1H MRSNMR IN BIOMEDICINE, Issue 2 2009G. Starck Abstract The spurious echo artefact, not uncommon in 1H MRS in the brain, comes from refocusing outer volume signal. Application of MRS in small volumes in susceptibility-affected regions often results in large shim gradients. The artefact problem is accentuated when the global effect of the shim gradient shifts the water resonance outside the water suppression band in the outer volume. This scenario brings the issue of spurious echoes once again to the fore. In this paper, spurious signals of the point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence are analysed using the concept of k-space. This new approach facilitates a more geometrical view of the problem, well suited for studying the effect of gradient spoiling and refocusing of signal. Several spoiling options are shown, and the probability of the global effects of shimming being a primary cause of the artefact is discussed. Fourier transform analysis of realistic slice profiles, combined with the k-space description of spurious echoes, shows that unsuppressed water signal in outer regions greatly increases the demands on spoiling. Gradient spoiling adequate for artefact suppression at a given size of MRS volume may not be sufficient at a smaller size. Several ways to improve PRESS measurements with regard to suppression of spurious signal are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Proton MRS of early post-natal mouse brain modifications in vivoNMR IN BIOMEDICINE, Issue 2 2006Pierre Larvaron Abstract NMR provides a non-invasive tool for the phenotypic characterisation of mouse models. The aim of the present study was to apply reliable in vivo MRS techniques for non-invasive investigations of brain development in normal and transgenic mice, by monitoring metabolite concentrations in different brain regions. The conditions of anaesthesia, immobilisation and respiratory monitoring were optimized to carry out in vivo MRS studies in young mice. All the experiments were performed in normal mice, at 9.4,T, applying a point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence (TR,=,2000,ms; TE,=,130,ms). We obtained reproducible in vivo1H NMR spectra of wild-type mouse brains as early as post-natal day 5, which allowed us to follow brain maturation variations from post-natal days 5 to 21. The survival rate of animals was between 66 and 90% at post-natal days 5 and 21, respectively. Developmental changes of metabolite concentrations were measured in three brain regions: the thalamus, a region rich in cell bodies, the olfactory bulb, rich in fibre tracts actively myelinated during brain maturation, and the cerebellum. The voxel size varied from 2 to 8 µL according to the size of the brain structure analysed. The absolute concentrations of the total creatine, taurine, total choline, N -acetylaspartate and of the glutamate/glutamine pool were determined from 1H NMR spectra obtained in the different brain regions at post-natal day 5, 10, 15 and 21. Variations observed during brain development were in accordance with those previously reported in mice using ex vivo MRS studies, and also in rats and humans in vivo. Possibilities of longitudinal MRS analysis in maturing mice brains provide new perspectives to characterise better the tremendous number of transgenic mutant mice generated with the aim of decrypting the complexity of brain development and neurodegenerative diseases but also to follow the impact of environmental and therapeutic factors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Relaxation times of choline, creatine and N -acetyl aspartate in human cerebral white matter at 1.5 TNMR IN BIOMEDICINE, Issue 3 2002D. R. Rutgers Abstract Several studies have investigated the T1 and T2 relaxation time of choline, creatine and N -acetyl aspartate in cerebral white matter in normal human subjects. However, these studies demonstrate a large variation in T1 and T2 values. In the present study, relaxation times of choline, creatine and N -acetyl aspartate were determined in cerebral white matter in 15 control subjects (age 21,±,2 y, mean,±,SD) at 1.5 T. Using PRESS, seven or eight data points were obtained to fit the T1 and T2 relaxation curves to, respectively. The mean voxel size was 14,cm3. The T1 relaxation times of choline, creatine and N -acetyl aspartate were 1091,±,132 (mean,±,SD), 1363,±,137 and 1276,±,132,ms. The T2 relaxation times were 352,±,52, 219,±,29 and 336,±,46,ms, respectively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] STOP PRESS: Election resultAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 5 2002Article first published online: 10 MAR 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] HIGH-DIMENSIONAL LEARNING FRAMEWORK FOR ADAPTIVE DOCUMENT FILTERING,COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 1 2003Wai Lam We investigate the unique requirements of the adaptive textual document filtering problem and propose a new high-dimensional on-line learning framework, known as the REPGER (relevant feature pool with good training example retrieval rule) algorithm to tackle this problem. Our algorithm possesses three characteristics. First, it maintains a pool of selective features with potentially high predictive power to predict document relevance. Second, besides retrieving documents according to their predicted relevance, it also retrieves incoming documents that are considered good training examples. Third, it can dynamically adjust the dissemination threshold throughout the filtering process so as to maintain a good filtering performance in a fully interactive environment. We have conducted experiments on three document corpora, namely, Associated Press, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, and Wall Street Journal to compare the performance of our REPGER algorithm with two existing on-line learning algorithms. The results demonstrate that our REPGER algorithm gives better performance most of the time. Comparison with the TREC (Text Retrieval Conference) adaptive text filtering track participants was also made. The result shows that our REPGER algorithm is comparable to them. [source] A bridge between all these literatures we love: an interview with François von Hurter of Bitter Lemon PressCRITICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 2 200710 July 200, London First page of article [source] Wine, Ethnography, and French HistoryCULTURE, AGRICULTURE, FOOD & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 1-2 2004Associate Professor Kolleen M. Guy Vintages and Traditions: An Ethnohistory of Southwest French Wine Cooperatives. Robert C. Ulin. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1996. Cultivating Dissent: Work, Identity, and Praxis in Rural Languedoc. Winnie Lem. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999. [source] "America on the Move" in the PressCURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 1 2004Michael Kilian Staff Reporter [source] An appreciation of Ronnie Mac Keith (1978)DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2008Martin Bax DM It is 100 years since Ronnie Mac Keith's birth and 50 years since he started the Journal Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (DMCN; initially called The Cerebral Palsy Bulletin), the first number being a reprint of William Little's original article. Scope, then The Spastics Society, had just begun to raise significant sums of money and Ronnie persuaded them not only to put some money into medical research, which they did, funding the research laboratories at Guy's, but also, uniquely, to spend some money on educating and informing doctors. This led to financial backing, happily still continuing, to the publishers of DMCN, now the Mac Keith Press. Initially, it was published under the title Spastics International Medical Publications but this was a clumsy and difficult title because of the unfortunate use of the word 'spastics'and soon after Ronnie's death, who was then senior editor, the Mac Keith Press Board were delighted that his family agreed that the Press would be named after him. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Ronnie was collecting a team around him to develop the Journal and the books, and contacted me because he knew I had literary interests. I didn't really want to edit a medical journal but I was interested in paediatrics so in the end I got involved! I worked very closely with Ronnie, both clinically and at the Mac Keith Press, and also with the Medical Education Information Unit of the Spastics Society on the meetings he ran. When he died, I tried to pull together something of Ronnie's nature in this personal memoir below, which supplemented the more formal statements about his life and career which can be found in the relevant number of the Journal.1 One hopes that Ronnie would be pleased with what we have done and I know that he would be hoping that we would continue for another 50 years developing ideas and approaches which were essentially developed by Ronnie Mac Keith. [source] Exploratory behavior in mice selectively bred for developmental differences in aggressive behaviorDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Kathryn E. Hood Abstract The development and expression of exploratory behavior was assessed in the Cairns lines of Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice that were selectively bred for differences in aggressive behavior, with a high-aggressive 900 line, low-aggressive 100 line, and control 500 line. Four paradigms were employed. Developmental changes were evident in the complex novel arena, with older males faster to contact a novel object, and ambulating more than young males. Within the control 500 line, older males showed longer latency to emerge from the home cage, and shorter latency to contact novel objects. In the 900 line, younger males showed this same pattern. R. B. Cairns proposed that line differences in aggressive behavior arise through alterations in developmental timing [Cairns et al. [1983] Life-span developmental psychology (Vol. 5). New York: Academic Press; Gariépy et al. [2001] Animal Behaviour 61: 933,947]. The early appearance of mature patterns of exploratory behavior in 900 line males supports this interpretation. The 900 line males also appear to be behaviorally inhibited in novel settings such as the light,dark box and the neohypophagia paradigm, compared to the 500 and 100 lines (Experiments 1, 2, and 4). Moreover, in the most complex apparatus, the novel arena, 900 line males were slowest to exit the home cage, and fastest to contact a novel object. The apparent contrast in these parameters of exploratory behavior is discussed in relation to T. C. Schneirla's [1965 Advances in the study of behavior (Vol. 1). New York: PN Academic] approach,withdrawal theory. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 32,47, 2008. [source] The Pap test: Author: Mc DeMay, M.D., ASCP Press, Chicago, 2005DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 10 2006Geovanna Gutierrez-Iparraguirre M.D. No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Export-Import Bank and U.S. Foreign Economic RelationsDIPLOMATIC HISTORY, Issue 2 2005Alan P. Dobson Book reviewed: William H. Becker and William M. McClenahan, Jr. The Market, the State, and the Export-Import Bank of the United States, 1934,2000. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2003. xii + 340 pp. $80.00 (cloth). [source] JFK and the U.S.-Israeli RelationshipDIPLOMATIC HISTORY, Issue 2 2005Zach Levey Book reviewed: Warren Bass. Support Any Friend: Kennedy's Middle East and the Making of the U.S.-Israel Alliance. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. 336 pp. Notes, bibliography, index. $30.00 (hardcover). [source] Nuclear Weapons: The Global and Popular Context of PolicyDIPLOMATIC HISTORY, Issue 2 2005Charles Chatfield Book reviewed: Lawrence S. Wittner. Toward Nuclear Abolition: A History of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement, 1971to the Present. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003. 491 pp. Notes, bibliography, index. $75.00 (cloth), $32.95 (paper). [source] With Friends Like TheseDIPLOMATIC HISTORY, Issue 1 2005KEVIN BOYLE PeterBusch , All the Way With JFK? Britain, the U.S., and the Vietnam War . Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2003 . xiv + 240 pp. Notes, index. [source] Leo Cherne, Neoconservative (But Don't Tell Anyone)DIPLOMATIC HISTORY, Issue 4 2004John Ehrman Books reviewed: Andrew F. Smith. Rescuing the World: The Life and Times of Leo Cherne. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2002. xvi + 223 pp. Notes, Selected Bibliography, Index. $26.50 (cloth). [source] Displacement-based seismic design of structures, M. J. N. Priestley, G. M. Calvi, and M. J. Kowalsky, IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy.EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 9 2008721 pp, ISBN: 978-88-6198-000 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Teaching and Learning Guide for: The Geopolitics of Climate ChangeGEOGRAPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2008Jon Barnett Author's Introduction Climate change is a security problem in as much as the kinds of environmental changes that may result pose risks to peace and development. However, responsibilities for the causes of climate change, vulnerability to its effects, and capacity to solve the problem, are not equally distributed between countries, classes and cultures. There is no uniformity in the geopolitics of climate change, and this impedes solutions. Author Recommends 1.,Adger, W. N., et al. (eds) (2006). Fairness in adaptation to climate change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. A comprehensive collection of articles on the justice dimensions of adaptation to climate change. Chapters discuss potential points at which climate change becomes ,dangerous', the issue of adaptation under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the unequal outcomes of adaptation within a society, the effects of violent conflict on adaptation, the costs of adaptation, and examples from Bangladesh, Tanzania, Botswana, and Hungary. 2.,Leichenko, R., and O'Brien, K. (2008). Environmental change and globalization: double exposures. New York: Oxford University Press. This book uses examples from around the world to show the way global economic and political processes interact with environmental changes to create unequal outcomes within and across societies. A very clear demonstration of the way vulnerability to environmental change is as much driven by social processes as environmental ones, and how solutions lie within the realm of decisions about ,development' and ,environment'. 3.,Nordås, R., and Gleditsch, N. (2007). Climate conflict: common sense or nonsense? Political Geography 26 (6), pp. 627,638. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.003 An up-to-date, systematic and balanced review of research on the links between climate change and violent conflict. See also the other papers in this special issue of Political Geography. 4.,Parry, M., et al. (eds) (2007). Climate change 2007: impacts adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. The definitive review of all the peer-reviewed research on the way climate change may impact on places and sectors across the world. Includes chapters on ecosystems, health, human settlements, primary industries, water resources, and the major regions of the world. All chapters are available online at http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-wg2.htm 5.,Salehyan, I. (2008). From climate change to conflict? No consensus yet. Journal of Peace Research 45 (3), pp. 315,326. doi:10.1177/0022343308088812 A balanced review of research on the links between climate change and conflict, with attention to existing evidence. 6.,Schwartz, P., and Randall, D. (2003). An abrupt climate change scenario and its implications for United States national security. San Francisco, CA: Global Business Network. Gives insight into how the US security policy community is framing the problem of climate change. This needs to be read critically. Available at http://www.gbn.com/ArticleDisplayServlet.srv?aid=26231 7.,German Advisory Council on Global Change. (2007). World in transition: climate change as a security risk. Berlin, Germany: WBGU. A major report from the German Advisory Council on Global Change on the risks climate changes poses to peace and stability. Needs to be read with caution. Summary and background studies are available online at http://www.wbgu.de/wbgu_jg2007_engl.html 8.,Yamin, F., and Depedge, J. (2004). The International climate change regime: a guide to rules, institutions and procedures. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. A clear and very detailed explanation of the UNFCCC's objectives, actors, history, and challenges. A must read for anyone seeking to understand the UNFCCC process, written by two scholars with practical experience in negotiations. Online Materials 1.,Environmental Change and Security Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars http://www.wilsoncenter.org/ecsp The major website for information about environmental security. From here, you can download many reports and studies, including the Environmental Change and Security Project Report. 2.,Global Environmental Change and Human Security Project http://www.gechs.org This website is a clearing house for work and events on environmental change and human security. 3.,Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) http://www.ipcc.ch/ From this website, you can download all the chapters of all the IPCC's reports, including its comprehensive and highly influential assessment reports, the most recent of which was published in 2007. The IPCC were awarded of the Nobel Peace Prize ,for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made (sic) climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change'. 4.,Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research http://www.tyndall.ac.uk The website of a major centre for research on climate change, and probably the world's leading centre for social science based analysis of climate change. From this site, you can download many publications about mitigation of and adaptation to climate change, and about various issues in the UNFCCC. 5.,United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change http://unfccc.int/ The website contains every major document relation to the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol, including the text of the agreements, national communications, country submissions, negotiated outcomes, and background documents about most key issues. Sample Syllabus: The Geopolitics of Climate Change topics for lecture and discussion Week I: Introduction Barnett, J. (2007). The geopolitics of climate change. Geography Compass 1 (6), pp. 1361,1375. United Nations Secretary General, Kofi Annan, address to the 12th Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Nairobi, 15 November 2006. Available online at http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=495&ArticleID=5424&l=en Week II: The History and Geography of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Topic: The drivers of climate change in space and time Reading Baer, P. (2006). Adaptation: who pays whom? In: Adger, N., et al. (eds) Fairness in adaptation to climate change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 131,154. Boyden, S., and Dovers, S. (1992). Natural-resource consumption and its environmental impacts in the Western World: impacts of increasing per capita consumption. Ambio 21 (1), pp. 63,69. Week III: The Environmental Consequences of climate change Topic: The risks climate change poses to environmental systems Reading Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2007). Climate change 2007: climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: summary for policymakers. Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC Secretariat. Watch: Al Gore. The Inconvenient Truth. Weeks IV and V: The Social Consequences of Climate Change Topic: The risks climate change poses to social systems Reading Adger, W. N. (1999). Social vulnerability to climate change and extremes in coastal Vietnam. World Development 27, pp. 249,269. Comrie, A. (2007). Climate change and human health. Geography Compass 1 (3), pp. 325,339. Leary, N., et al. (2006). For whom the bell tolls: vulnerability in a changing climate. A Synthesis from the AIACC project, AIACC Working Paper No. 21, International START Secretariat, Florida. Stern, N. (2007). Economics of climate change: the Stern review. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press (Chapters 3,5). Week VI: Mitigation of Climate Change: The UNFCCC Topic: The UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol Reading Najam, A., Huq, S., and Sokona, Y. (2003). Climate negotiations beyond Kyoto: developing countries concerns and interests. Climate Policy 3 (3), pp. 221,231. UNFCCC Secretariat. (2005). Caring for climate: a guide to the climate change convention and the Kyoto Protocol. Bonn, Germany: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretariat. Weeks VII and VIII: Adaptation to Climate Change Topic: What can be done to allow societies to adapt to avoid climate impacts? Reading Adger, N., et al. (2007). Assessment of adaptation practices, options, constraints and capacity. In: Parry, M., et al. (eds) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 717,744. Burton, I., et al. (2002). From impacts assessment to adaptation priorities: the shaping of adaptation policy. Climate Policy 2 (2,3), pp. 145,159. Eakin, H., and Lemos, M. C. (2006). Adaptation and the state: Latin America and the challenge of capacity-building under globalization. Global Environmental Change: Human and Policy Dimensions 16 (1), pp. 7,18. Ziervogel, G., Bharwani, S., and Downing, T. (2006). Adapting to climate variability: pumpkins, people and policy. Natural Resources Forum 30, pp. 294,305. Weeks IX and X: Climate Change and Migration Topic: Will climate change force migration? Readings Gaim, K. (1997). Environmental causes and impact of refugee movements: a critique of the current debate. Disasters 21 (1), pp. 20,38. McLeman, R., and Smit, B. (2006). Migration as adaptation to climate change. Climatic Change 76 (1), pp. 31,53. Myers, N. (2002). Environmental refugees: a growing phenomenon of the 21st century. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 357 (1420), pp. 609,613. Perch-Nielsen, S., Bättig, M., and Imboden, D. (2008). Exploring the link between climate change and migration. Climatic Change (online first, forthcoming); doi:10.1007/s10584-008-9416-y Weeks XI and XII: Climate Change and Violent Conflict Topic: Will Climate change cause violent conflict? Readings Barnett, J., and Adger, N. (2007). Climate change, human security and violent conflict. Political Geography 26 (6), pp. 639,655. Centre for Strategic and International Studies. (2007). The age of consequences: the foreign policy and national security implications of global climate change. Washington, DC: CSIS. Nordås, R., and Gleditsch, N. (2007). Climate conflict: common sense or nonsense? Political Geography 26 (6), pp. 627,638. Schwartz, P., and Randall, D. (2003). An abrupt climate change scenario and its implications for United States national security. San Francisco, CA: Global Business Network. [online]. Retrieved on 8 April 2007 from http://www.gbn.com/ArticleDisplayServlet.srv?aid=26231 Focus Questions 1Who is most responsible for climate change? 2Who is most vulnerable to climate change? 3Does everyone have equal power in the UNFCCC process? 4Will climate change force people to migrate? Who? 5What is the relationship between adaptation to climate change and violent conflict? [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||