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Presents Examples (present + example)
Kinds of Presents Examples Selected AbstractsA possible case of spondyloarthropathy in a prehistoric Japanese skeletonINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 3 2005K. Inoue Abstract Palaeopathology helps to define the migration of past diseases. Genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of spondyloarthropathy (SpA). We report skeletal remains with SpA from the Jomon period in Japan. The skeleton is of a female who died at a young adult age. The skeleton had characteristic features seen in SpA as follows: (1) polyarticular arthritis; (2) erosions accompanying some bone formation; (3) enthesial ossification; and (4) periostitis in lower long bones. The findings suggest that SpA was present in prehistoric Japan before contact with European civilisation, and the present example of SpA is the oldest in Asia and the Old World. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] First palaeopathological example of Kienböck's disease from early modern Sakhalin AinuINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 2 2002M. Nakai Abstract A disorder of the carpal lunate has been diagnosed as Kienböck's disease in a skeleton of a middle-aged Ainu male that was excavated from Sakhalin Island, northeast Asia. The bone lesion is primarily and unilaterally associated with the right wrist, where the right carpal lunate is collapsed and the radiocarpal joint shows degenerative arthritis. Interestingly, the left arm is more robust than the right and the left elbow shows considerable osteoarthritis. The most plausible explanation for these pathologies is that after developing Kienböck's disease in the right wrist, excessive use of the left arm made his left arm robust and finally gave rise to osteoarthritis in the left elbow. In archaeology, where only a few osteochondroses have been reported up until now, the present example is the first diagnosis of Kienböck's disease in skeletal remains. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] On the variability of respiration in terrestrial ecosystems: moving beyond Q10GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2006ERIC A. DAVIDSON Abstract Respiration, which is the second most important carbon flux in ecosystems following gross primary productivity, is typically represented in biogeochemical models by simple temperature dependence equations. These equations were established in the 19th century and have been modified very little since then. Recent applications of these equations to data on soil respiration have produced highly variable apparent temperature sensitivities. This paper searches for reasons for this variability, ranging from biochemical reactions to ecosystem-scale substrate supply. For a simple membrane-bound enzymatic system that follows Michaelis,Menten kinetics, the temperature sensitivities of maximum enzyme activity (Vmax) and the half-saturation constant that reflects the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate (Km) can cancel each other to produce no net temperature dependence of the enzyme. Alternatively, when diffusion of substrates covaries with temperature, then the combined temperature sensitivity can be higher than that of each individual process. We also present examples to show that soluble carbon substrate supply is likely to be important at scales ranging from transport across membranes, diffusion through soil water films, allocation to aboveground and belowground plant tissues, phenological patterns of carbon allocation and growth, and intersite differences in productivity. Robust models of soil respiration will require that the direct effects of substrate supply, temperature, and desiccation stress be separated from the indirect effects of temperature and soil water content on substrate diffusion and availability. We speculate that apparent Q10 values of respiration that are significantly above about 2.5 probably indicate that some unidentified process of substrate supply is confounded with observed temperature variation. [source] A G space theory and a weakened weak (W2) form for a unified formulation of compatible and incompatible methods: Part II applications to solid mechanics problemsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 9 2010G. R. Liu Abstract In part I of this paper, we have established the G space theory and fundamentals for W2 formulation. Part II focuses on the applications of the G space theory to formulate W2 models for solid mechanics problems. We first define a bilinear form, prove some of the important properties, and prove that the W2 formulation will be spatially stable, and convergent to exact solutions. We then present examples of some of the possible W2 models including the SFEM, NS-FEM, ES-FEM, NS-PIM, ES-PIM, and CS-PIM. We show the major properties of these models: (1) they are variationally consistent in a conventional sense, if the solution is sought in a proper H space (compatible cases); (2) They pass the standard patch test when the solution is sought in a proper G space with discontinuous functions (incompatible cases); (3) the stiffness of the discretized model is reduced compared with the finite element method (FEM) model and possibly to the exact model, allowing us to obtain upper bound solutions with respect to both the FEM and the exact solutions and (4) the W2 models are less sensitive to the quality of the mesh, and triangular meshes can be used without any accuracy problems. These properties and theories have been confirmed numerically via examples solved using a number of W2 models including compatible and incompatible cases. We shall see that the G space theory and the W2 forms can formulate a variety of stable and convergent numerical methods with the FEM as one special case. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Design of distributed controllers with constrained and noisy linksINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL, Issue 18 2006Shengxiang Jiang Abstract In this paper we consider some design aspects of distributed controllers that guarantee a ,, performance level. In particular, we consider two design problems. First, is the case where, without loss of generality, there are two distributed subcontrollers connected to a (generalized) plant and the interest is placed in minimizing the number of noise-free (and dynamics free) communication channels between the subcontrollers needed to provide a given performance. The second is the case where, given a distributed controller designed in the first case, communication noise is present and we seek an optimal choice of the communication signals to guarantee a performance level while keeping the communication signal to noise power limited. We take a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach to provide solution procedures to these problems and present examples that demonstrate their efficiency. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Role of Electronic Communication Technology in Adolescent Dating ViolenceJOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 3 2010Claire Burke Draucker RN PROBLEM:, Adolescent dating violence and electronic aggression are significant public health problems. The purpose of this study was to (a) identify ways in which technology is used in dating violence and (b) present examples of dating violence in which electronic aggression played a salient role. METHODS:, The data set included the transcribed narratives of 56 young adults who had described their adolescent dating violence experiences for an on going study. FINDINGS:, Eight ways in which technology is used in dating violence were identified using qualitative descriptive methods. CONCLUSIONS:, The findings indicate that electronic communication technology influences dating violence by redefining boundaries between dating partners. [source] POROSITY DESTRUCTION IN CARBONATE PLATFORMSJOURNAL OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY, Issue 1 2006S. N. Ehrenberg The important thing to understand about carbonate diagenesis is not how porosity is created, but how it is destroyed. Detailed core observations from two deeply-buried carbonate platform successions (the Finnmark platform, offshore north Norway; and the Khuff Formation, offshore Iran) show that in both cases most vertical porosity variation can be accounted for by only two or three factors, namely: (1) stylolite frequency, (2) proportion of argillaceous beds, and (3) anhydrite cement. The spatial distribution of these factors is determined by the depositional distribution of clay minerals (important for localizing chemical compaction) and the occurrence of hypersaline depositional conditions and associated brine reflux (important for localizing anhydrite precipitation and dolomitisation). However, the intensity of chemical compaction and consequent porosity loss in adjacent beds by carbonate cementation also depend upon thermal exposure (temperature as a function of time). Evidence from the Finnmark platform and other examples indicate that the stratigraphic distribution of early-formed dolomite is also important for porosity preservation during burial, but this factor is not apparent in the Khuff dataset. Insofar as the Finnmark and Khuff platforms can be regarded as representative of carbonate reservoirs in general, recognition of the above porosity-controlling factors may provide the basis for general models predicting carbonate reservoir potential both locally (reservoir-model scale) and regionally (exploration-scale). Distributions of clay, anhydrite, and dolomitization should be predictable from stratigraphic architecture, whereas variations in thermal exposure can be mapped from basin analysis. In the present examples at least, factors that do not need to be considered include eogenetic carbonate cementation and dissolution, depositional facies (other than aspects related to clay and anhydrite content), and mesogenetic leaching to create late secondary porosity. [source] A representation of acoustic waves in unbounded domains,COMMUNICATIONS ON PURE & APPLIED MATHEMATICS, Issue 10 2005Bradley K. Alpert Compact, time-harmonic, acoustic sources produce waves that decay too slowly to be square-integrable on a line away from the sources. We introduce an inner product, arising directly from Green's second theorem, to form a Hilbert space of these waves and present examples of its computation.1 © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Coins and trade in early medieval ItalyEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 1 2009Alessia Rovelli This paper is an analysis of monetary circulation in early medieval Italy in the period c.600,900. Using a dual comparison , first, of the level of currency use as against ceramics within Italy, and second, of the pattern of Italian coin use, and economic activity more generally, with that north of the Alps , this paper presents examples that shed light on patterns of change and discontinuity. [source] Process Development in Biotechnology , A Re-EvaluationENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2005K. Schügerl Abstract This review considers some process development problems in biotechnology and presents examples of solutions, which were developed in cooperation with industrial partners. These processes include the production of restriction endonuclease EcoRI by recombinant Escherichia coli, which is toxic to the cell, penicillin V by Penicillium chrysogenum, xylanase by Aspergillus awamori, cephalosporin C by Acremonium chrysogenum, erythritol by Moniliella tomentosa var pollinis, and alkaline serine protease by Bacillus licheniformis. Special attention is given to the practical aspects of product development. [source] Examples of fire engineering design for steel members, using a standard curve versus a new parametric curveFIRE AND MATERIALS, Issue 2-4 2004C. R. Barnett Abstract This paper presents examples of the differences that can occur when a standard time-temperature curve and a parametric time-temperature curve are used to determine temperatures likely to be reached by uninsulated and insulated steel members during a fire. For low and moderate structural fire severity situations, determination of the adequacy of a steel member by comparing the temperature reached in a ,design fire' with the limiting temperature based on the member heat sink characteristics, extent of insulation and utilization factor is becoming increasingly common fire engineering design practice. For this it is important to have an accurate and widely applicable parametric fire model as is practicable. The standard time-temperature curve used in the examples is the ISO 834 curve. The two parametric time-temperature curves used in the paper are the Eurocode parametric curve and a recently developed one termed the ,BFD curve'. The latter has been found to fit the results of a wide range of actual fire tests more closely than do existing parametric curves and is mathematically simpler in form. The shape of the BFD curve and the parameters used to define it bear a strong relationship to both the pyrolysis coefficient (R/Avhv0.5) and the opening factor, F02. The curve also models the development of fire without the need for time shifts. It uses a single and relatively simple equation to generate the temperature of both the growth and decay phases of a fire in a building and only three factors are required to derive the curve. These factors are (i) the maximum gas temperature, (ii) the time at which this maximum temperature occurs, and (iii) a shape constant for the curve. If desired, the shape constant can be different on the growth and the decay sides to model a very wide range of natural fire conditions and test results. This paper presents an overview of the background to the BFD curve. It then illustrates its use in a simple fire engineering design application, where the adequacy of a steel beam is checked using the Eurocode parametric curve and the BFD curve to represent the fire. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Work-life flow: How individuals, Zappos, and other innovative companies achieve high engagementGLOBAL BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE, Issue 5 2010Anne Perschel Individuals, their coaches, and visionary leaders, including Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh, are aligning work and culture with the principles of flow to enrich careers, lives, and organizations. This article examines flow,an individual's state of maximum engagement,and the criteria for achieving it. It spells out methods for coaching people to achieve a state of flow at work, and then presents examples of how individuals have infused their jobs with flow. It also discusses several visionary leaders who incorporate flow states into their companies' culture, including an in-depth look at how Hsieh uses flow principles to create high engagement and deliver superior business results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Lateral stress caused by horizontal and vertical surcharge strip loads on a cross-anisotropic backfillINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS, Issue 14 2005Cheng-Der Wang Abstract This study derives analytical solutions for estimating the lateral stress caused by horizontal and vertical surcharge strip loads resting on a cross-anisotropic backfill. The following loading types are employed in this work: point load, line load, uniform strip load, upward linear-varying strip load, upward nonlinear-varying strip load, downward linear-varying strip load and downward nonlinear-varying strip load. The cross-anisotropic planes are assumed to be parallel to the horizontal surface of the backfill. The solutions proposed herein have never been mentioned in previous literature, but can be derived by integrating the point load solution in a Cartesian co-ordinate system for a cross-anisotropic medium. The calculations by the presented solutions are quick and accurate since they are concise and systematized. Additionally, the proposed calculations demonstrate that the type and degree of material anisotropy and the horizontal/vertical loading types decisively influence the lateral stress. This investigation presents examples of the proposed horizontal and vertical strip loads acting on the surface of the isotropic and cross-anisotropic backfills to elucidate their effects on the stress. The analytical results reveal that the stress distributions accounting for soil anisotropy and loading types are quite different from those computed from the available isotropic solutions. Restated, the derived solutions, as well as realistically simulating the actual surcharge loading circumstances, provide a good reference for the design of retaining structures for the backfill materials are cross-anisotropic. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Low-Income Parents and the Public SchoolsJOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES, Issue 2 2001Bernice Lott This article addresses the responses likely to be received by low-income parents from teachers and staff in their children's public schools in the United States. A review of the relevant literature reveals that teachers and school administrators tend to subscribe to the dominant beliefs that low-income parents do not care about their children's schooling, are not competent to help with homework, do not encourage achievement, and do not place a high value on education. This article presents examples of such middle-class bias in the words and actions of individual teachers, and research findings that tend to contradict these stereotypes. The barriers that exist for low-income parents in interacting with the schools are discussed, and suggestions are offered for ways in which schools can recognize and respect the standpoint and potential contributions of these parents. [source] COULD YOU TAKE A PICTURE OF MY BOAT, PLEASE?OXFORD JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 4 2008THE USE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MEDITERRANEAN SHIP REPRESENTATIONS Summary Representations of ships, sailors and seafarers are common in many ancient societies. They were carved, drawn or painted on a great variety of raw materials , stone, wood, metal, textiles and pottery , and can be found in settings such as caves, tombs or royal palaces. Their presence at these sites raises the possibility that these images of maritime life have symbolic or ritual connotations. This paper presents examples of representations of Phoenician and Punic ships from the first millennium BC, in an attempt to understand the role of both their creators and their audiences. These images are subsequently analysed in more detail, focusing on their technical features and their historical contexts. This paper concludes with a consideration of the social and religious aspects of ancient Mediterranean navigation. [source] Calibrated peer review for computer-assisted learning of biological research competenciesBIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION, Issue 5 2010Kari L. Clase Abstract Recently, both science and technology faculty have been recognizing biological research competencies that are valued but rarely assessed. Some of these valued learning outcomes include scientific methods and thinking, critical assessment of primary papers, quantitative reasoning, communication, and putting biological research into a historical and broader social context. This article presents examples of Calibrated Peer Review (CPR) assignments that illustrate a computer-assisted method to help students achieve biological research competencies. A new release of CPR is appropriate for engaging students online in reading and writing about investigations. A participant perception inventory was designed for use as a repeated measure to discriminate among beginning, middle, and ending student perceptions. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to assess student perceptions of what they gain from instruction related to science research competencies. Results suggest that students in a large enrollment class consider CPR to be useful for helping them learn about quantitative and categorical research variables; the use of the experimental method to test ideas; the use of controls; analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data; and how to critically read primary papers. [source] Effective coding in birth defects surveillance,BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH, Issue S1 2001Sonja A. Rasmussen Effective coding is critical to data collected by birth defects surveillance programs because subsequent use of the data depends on storage and retrieval of cases using codes. Hence, careful consideration needs to be given to the coding process. The primary goal of coding is to accurately, completely, and concisely represent infants with birth defects. Coding procedures need to accommodate the objectives of the surveillance program; for example, programs that focus on research may require different coding procedures from those that focus on linking infants to services. Several challenges exist in coding birth defects, including the need to distinguish infants with multiple defects and syndromes from those with isolated defects, and the need for strategies to code suspected defects for which confirmation is not available. Selection of a coding system by a birth defects surveillance program is central to the utility of the data collected. Most programs use a modification of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-based (ICD) systems. This paper addresses ICD-based systems and the modifications used by many birth defects surveillance programs and presents examples of the problems in interpreting birth defects data because of inappropriate coding. Teratology 64:S3,S7, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Growth Per Cycle in Atomic Layer Deposition: Real Application Examplesof a Theoretical Model,CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION, Issue 6 2003R.L. Puurunen Abstract In a previous paper, a theoretical model was derived to describe the growth per cycle in atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a function of the chemistry of the growth when compounds are used as reactants. This paper presents examples of how the model can be applied to investigate the mechanisms of real ALD processes. Three processes that represent different classes of compound reactants were selected for study: the trimethylaluminum/water process to grow aluminum oxide, the yttrium 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate (thd)/ozone process to grow yttrium oxide, and the titanium tetrachloride/water process to grow titanium dioxide. The results obtained by applying the model were, in general, consistent with the results obtained through separate investigations of the reaction mechanisms. The model was shown to be a useful tool in investigations of the reaction chemistry of real ALD processes. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||