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Presents Estimates (present + estimate)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	50%

Selected Abstracts

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) 30 years later: still the best option for insulin therapy

DIABETES/METABOLISM: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS, Issue 2 2009
Daniela Bruttomesso
Abstract Thirty years after its introduction, the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) keeps increasing, especially among children and adolescents. The technique, when used properly, is safe and effective. Compared with traditional NPH-based multiple daily injections (MDI), CSII provides a small but clinically important reduction of HbA1c levels, diminishes blood glucose variability, decreases severe hypoglycaemic episodes and offers a better way to cope with the dawn phenomenon. Insulin analogues have improved the treatment of diabetes, eroding part of the place previously occupied by CSII, but CSII still remains the first option for patients experiencing severe hypoglycaemic episodes, high HbA1c values or marked glucose variability while being treated with optimized MDI. Furthermore CSII is better than MDI considering the effects on quality of life and the possibility to adjust insulin administration according to physical activity or food intake. CSII may be limited by cost. Present estimates suggest that CSII may be cost-effective just for patients experiencing a marked improvement in HbA1c or a decrease in severe hypoglycaemic episodes, but the effects on quality of life are difficult to measure. CSII does not merely imply wearing an external device; it requires a multidisciplinary team, intensive patient education and continuous follow up. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Bipolar gene flow in deep-sea benthic foraminifera

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 19 2007
J. PAWLOWSKI
Abstract Despite its often featureless appearance, the deep-ocean floor includes some of the most diverse habitats on Earth. However, the accurate assessment of global deep-sea diversity is impeded by a paucity of data on the geographical ranges of bottom-dwelling species, particularly at the genetic level. Here, we present molecular evidence for exceptionally wide distribution of benthic foraminifera, which constitute the major part of deep-sea meiofauna. Our analyses of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes revealed high genetic similarity between Arctic and Antarctic populations of three common deep-sea foraminiferal species (Epistominella exigua, Cibicides wuellerstorfi and Oridorsalis umbonatus), separated by distances of up to 17 000 km. Our results contrast with the substantial level of cryptic diversity usually revealed by molecular studies, of shallow-water benthic and planktonic marine organisms. The very broad ranges of the deep-sea foraminifera that we examined support the hypothesis of global distribution of small eukaryotes and suggest that deep-sea biodiversity may be more modest at global scales than present estimates suggest. [source]

Do Stock Prices and Volatility Jump?

THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE, Issue 3 2004
Option Prices, Reconciling Evidence from Spot
This paper examines the empirical performance of jump diffusion models of stock price dynamics from joint options and stock markets data. The paper introduces a model with discontinuous correlated jumps in stock prices and stock price volatility, and with state-dependent arrival intensity. We discuss how to perform likelihood-based inference based upon joint options/returns data and present estimates of risk premiums for jump and volatility risks. The paper finds that while complex jump specifications add little explanatory power in fitting options data, these models fare better in fitting options and returns data simultaneously. [source]

Related Variety, Trade Linkages, and Regional Growth in Italy

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2009
Ron Boschma
abstract This article presents estimates of the impact of regional variety and trade linkages on regional economic growth by means of export and import data by Italian province (NUTS 3) and sector (three-digit) for the period 1995,2003. Our results show strong evidence that related variety contributes to regional economic growth. Thus, Italian regions that are well endowed with sectors that are complementary in terms of competences (i.e., that show related variety) perform better. The article also assesses the effects of the breadth and relatedness of international trade linkages on regional growth, since they may bring new and related variety to a region. Our analysis demonstrates that regional growth is not affected by simply being well connected to the outside world or having a high variety of knowledge flowing into the region. Rather, we found evidence of related extraregional knowledge sparking intersectoral learning across regions. When the cognitive proximity between the extraregional knowledge and the knowledge base of a region is neither too small nor too large, real learning opportunities are present, and the external knowledge contributes to growth in regional employment. [source]

Keeping off the grass?

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS, Issue 4 2004
An econometric model of cannabis consumption in Britain
This paper presents estimates of a dynamic individual-level model of cannabis consumption, using data from a 1998 survey of young people in Britain. The econometric model is a split-population generalization of the non-stationary Poisson process, allowing for separate dynamic process for initiation into cannabis use and subsequent consumption. The model allows for heterogeneity in consumption levels and behavioural shifts induced by leaving education and the parental home. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Landed and discarded catches from commercial prawn trammel net fishery

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 5 2007
G. Gökçe
Summary This study presents estimates of numbers and biomass of discarded and landed catches from the commercial prawn trammel net fishery in ,zmir Bay. A total of 43 finfish and 29 invertebrate species were identified in catches sampled between May and October 2003, with 26 species landed by fishers and 46 species discarded. Melicertus kerathurus, Mullus barbatus and Solea solea dominated the landed catches. Average ratio of landed to discarded fish by number and weight was estimated as 1 : 2.32 and 1 : 0.77, respectively, demonstrating relatively low by-catch ratios compared to other shrimp by-catch studies. This study shows that trammel nets have a much lower discard ratio than the shrimp trawls in other parts of the world. The benefits of shifting toward passive trammel nets in coastal areas are discussed. [source]

Inflow Composition, Duration Dependence and their Impact on the Unemployment Outflow Rate*

OXFORD BULLETIN OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS, Issue 1 2003
Hélène Turon
This paper presents estimates of the components of the dynamics of the unemployment outflow rate with British data. We allow both the composition of the inflow and individual duration dependence to vary over the business cycle. We find the inflow composition to be strongly countercyclical. Individual exit rates are found to be substatntially more sensitive to the business cycle than previously thought and than the average exit rate fluctuations suggest. Cyclical variations in duration dependence are not significant. With our estimates, fluctuations in the average exit rate out of the first year of unemployment are mainly accounted for by variations of individual exit rates, variation of inflow composition, and variation in the inflow level combined with the duration dependence phenomenon. [source]

Lifetime Net Average Tax Rates in Australia Since Federation,A Generational Accounting Study

THE ECONOMIC RECORD, Issue 233 2000
JOHN ABLETT
This paper presents estimates of average net payments to government, as a per cent of average lifetime labour earnings, for generations born in Australia since Federation (1901), based on historical data combined with several reasonable future scenarios covering fiscal policy, growth and demographic change. The results shed light on whether certain generations have been treated more favorably by the public sector than others this century. The main conclusion is that the average lifetime net tax rate will, under reasonable,assumptions, be of the order of 37,39 per cent for all currently living generations born since the mid-1930s. [source]