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Preferred Technique (prefer + technique)
Selected AbstractsRecent Developments in Trace Element Analysis by ICP-AES and ICP-MS with Particular Reference to Geological and Environmental SamplesGEOSTANDARDS & GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2005Kathryn L. Linge This review describes recent developments in trace element analysis using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It aims to focus on the application of ICP techniques to geological and environmental samples. Therefore, fundamental studies in ICP-MS and ICP-AES instrumentation have largely been ignored. Whereas the majority of literature reviewed related to ICP-MS, indicating that ICP-MS is now the preferred technique for all geological analysis, there is still a steady development of ICP-AES to environmental applications. It is clear that true flexibility in elemental analysis can only be achieved by combining the advantages of both ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Two particular groups of elements (long-lived radionuclide and the platinum-group elements) stood out as warranting dedicated sections describing analytical developments these areas. [source] Microlaryngoscopic repair of iatrogenic pharyngeal pouch perforations: Treatment of choice?HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 2 2007FRCS (ORL-HNS), Vinidh Paleri MS Background. Endoscopic stapled diverticulostomy (ESD) has become the preferred technique for managing pharyngeal pouches. Iatrogenic perforation, created during stapling, is a rare but serious complication with significant morbidity and mortality. The conventional management in these instances is to convert it to an external procedure and excise the pouch. Methods. Iatrogenic perforations were noticed after stapling in 3 cases in our series of 73 patients who underwent ESD. They were repaired using microlaryngoscopic techniques. Results. All patients had an unremarkable postoperative course. Conclusions. Selected cases with iatrogenic perforations can be repaired primarily and observed with excellent outcome, obviating the need for an external pouch excision. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007 [source] Autoimmune myasthenia gravis: place of thymectomy and preferred techniqueINTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 8 2002E. Byrne No abstract is available for this article. [source] Dosimetric comparison of intensity modulated radiotherapy techniques and standard wedged tangents for whole breast radiotherapy*JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Andrew Fong Summary Prior to introducing intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) into our department we undertook a comparison of the dose parameters of several IMRT techniques and standard wedged tangents (SWT). Our aim was to improve the dose distribution to the breast and to decrease the dose to organs at risk (OAR): heart, lung and contralateral breast (Contra Br). Treatment plans for 20 women (10 right-sided and 10 left-sided) previously treated with SWT for WBRT were used to compare (a) SWT; (b) electronic compensators IMRT (E-IMRT); (c) tangential beam IMRT (T-IMRT); (d) coplanar multi-field IMRT (CP-IMRT); and (e) non-coplanar multi-field IMRT (NCP-IMRT). Plans for the breast were compared for (i) dose homogeneity (DH); (ii) conformity index (CI); (iii) mean dose; (iv) maximum dose; (v) minimum dose; and dose to OAR were calculated (vi) heart; (vii) lung and (viii) Contra Br. Compared with SWT, all plans except CP-IMRT gave improvement in at least two of the seven parameters evaluated. T-IMRT and NCP-IMRT resulted in significant improvement in all parameters except DH and both gave significant reduction in doses to OAR. As on initial evaluation NCP-IMRT is likely to be too time consuming to introduce on a large scale, T-IMRT is the preferred technique for WBRT for use in our department. [source] Neuroimaging and Neurologic Complications after Organ TransplantationJOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 2 2007ivkovi ABSTRACT Neurologic complications are common after transplantation and affect 30-60% of transplant recipients. The etiology of most of the posttransplant neurologic disorders is related to the opportunistic infections, both systemic and involving central nervous system (CNS), toxicity of immunosuppressive medications, and the metabolic insult created by the underlying primary disease and the transplant procedure. Neuroimaging studies are one of the key tools in the evaluation and enable early diagnosis of neurologic complications in transplant patients, especially posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome, central pontine myelinolysis, intracerebral hemorrhage, and fungal and bacterial abscesses. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred technique, but each of the available neuroimaging techniques offers a unique insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying neurologic complications of transplantation. The role of neuroimaging in this population includes early detection of calcineurin inhibitor neurotoxicity, opportunistic infections, neoplasia, metabolic disorders, or cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, we can monitor longitudinal progression of disease and treatment response. [source] Intact corneal stroma visualization of GFP mouse revealed by multiphoton imagingMICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 12 2006Wen Lo Abstract The aim of this work is to demonstrate that multiphoton microscopy is a preferred technique to investigate intact cornea structure without slicing and staining. At the micron resolution, multiphoton imaging can provide both large morphological features and detailed structure of epithelium, corneal collagen fibril bundles and keratocytes. A large area multiphoton cross-section across an intact eye excised from a GFP mouse was obtained by a homebuilt multiphoton microscope. The broadband multiphoton fluorescence (435,700 nm) and second harmonic generation (SHG, 360,400 nm) signals were generated by the 760 nm output of a femtosecond titanium-sapphire laser. A water immersion objective (Fluor Ô, 40X, NA 0.8; Nikon) was used to facilitate imaging the curve ocular surface. The multiphoton image over entire cornea provides morphological information of epithelial cells, keratocytes, and global collagen orientation. Specifically, our planar, large area multiphoton image reveals a concentric pattern of the stroma collagen, indicative of the laminar collagen organization throughout the stroma. In addition, the green fluorescence protein (GFP) labeling contributed to fluorescence contrast of cellular area and facilitated visualizing of inactive keratocytes. Our results show that multiphoton imaging of GFP labeled mouse cornea manifests both morphological significance and structural details. The second harmonic generation imaging reveals the collagen orientation, while the multiphoton fluorescence imaging indicates morphology and distribution of cells in cornea. Our results support that multiphoton microscopy is an appropriate technology for further in vivo investigation and diagnosis of cornea. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Patients at Risk for High-Pressure Hydrocephalus,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 2 2005Ricardo L. Carrau MD Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: The transnasal endoscopic approach has become the preferred technique for the surgical management of patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks of the anterior, sellar, and parasellar skull base. The literature has reported an 85% to 100% success rate for the endoscopic repair of CSF leaks, which compares favorably with that reported after transcranial repair. Despite an adequate repair, a subpopulation of patients remain at high risk for recurrence of the CSF leak attributable to undiagnosed high-pressure hydrocephalus. Patients at high risk for high-pressure hydrocephalus include those who have had a subarachnoid hemorrhage as a result of trauma (accidental or surgical) or stroke and those with spontaneous CSF leaks. Study Design: With the goal of reducing the risk of recurrence, the authors developed a protocol for the identification and management of patients with CSF leaks who are at risk for high-pressure hydrocephalus. Methods: The protocol includes endoscopic repair, temporary CSF diversion, measurement of CSF pressure after the repair, and immediate ventriculoperitoneal shunting if necessary. Results: During the period of September 1999 to April 2002, the authors repaired 25 CSF leaks through an endonasal endoscopic approach. Nineteen patients were considered at high risk for high-pressure hydrocephalus. Using the protocol described, the authors identified six patients (31%) with CSF leaks that could be associated with undiagnosed high-pressure hydrocephalus. All CSF leaks were successfully repaired using a transnasal endoscopic repair. Six patients with high-pressure hydrocephalus underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting after repair of the CSF Leak. No recurrence has been observed at a follow-up ranging from 24 to 84 months (median period, 30 mo). Conclusion: Patients with high-pressure hydrocephalus may be identified in a prospective fashion to prevent recurrence or persistence of the CSF leaks. The presence or absence of high-pressure CSF may be established by means of direct CSF pressure measurement through lumbar puncture postoperatively. This allows early intervention and prevention of recurrence. [source] An Inexpensive, Easily Constructed, Reusable Task Trainer for Simulating Ultrasound-Guided PericardiocentesisACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 2009Daniel Girzadas Pericardiocentesis is a low frequency, high-risk procedure integral to the practice of emergency medicine.1, 2 Ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis is the preferred technique for providing this critical care.3 Traditionally, emergency physicians learned pericardiocentesis real time, at the beside, on critically ill patients. Medical education is moving toward simulation for training and assessment of procedures such as pericardiocentesis, because it allows learners to practice time-sensitive skills without risk to patient or learner.4 There are mannequin-based simulators capable of supporting landmark-guided pericardiocentesis, but they are expensive. No commercially available simulation models enable physicians to practice pericardiocentesis under ultrasound guidance. We have developed an ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis task trainer that allows the physician to insert a needle under ultrasound guidance, pierce the "pericardial sac" and aspirate "blood". Our model can be simply constructed in a home kitchen and the overall preparation time is one hour. Our model costs $20.00 (US, 2008). Materials needed for the construction include 12 ounces of plain gelatin, one large balloon, one golf ball, food coloring, non-stick cooking spray, one wooden cooking skewer, BetadineÔ, and a 3-quart sized Tupperware container. Refrigeration and a heat source for cooking are also required. Once prepared, the model is usable for two weeks at room temperature and may be preserved an additional week if refrigerated. When the model shows signs of wear, it can be easily remade, by simply recycling the existing materials. 1. Ann Emerg Med. 2001, 37:745,770. 2. Acad Emerg Med. 2008, 15:1046,1057. 3. Crit Care Med. 2007, 35:S290,304. 4. Ann Emerg Med. 2008, 15:1117,1129. [source] Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: the preferred technique in a small but important group of rectal neoplasmsCOLORECTAL DISEASE, Issue 9 2006Najib Haboubi No abstract is available for this article. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||