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Practical Demonstration (practical + demonstration)
Selected AbstractsDSM categories and dimensions in clinical and research contextsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue S1 2007Helena Chmura Kraemer Abstract An enhancement to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) is currently under consideration, one that would enhance both the reliability and validity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) diagnoses: the addition of a dimensional adjunct to each of the traditional categorical diagnoses of the DSM. We first review the history and context of this proposal and define the concepts on which this dimensional proposal is based. The advantages of dimensional measures over categorical measures have long been known, but we here illustrate what is known with a theoretical and a practical demonstration of the potential effects of this addition. Possible objections to the proposal are discussed, concluding with some general criteria for implementing this proposal. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Public health in the undergraduate medical curriculum , can we achieve integration?JOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2000David H. Stone MD, FFPHM, FRCP (Glasg) Abstract Public health is widely regarded by medical students as peripheral or even irrelevant to the acquisition of clinical knowledge and skills. This paper attempts to set out some of the reasons for this, to encourage innovative approaches to integrating public health with clinical teaching and to offer a theoretical framework of integrated public health education for curriculum development and evaluation. The points of convergence between public health and clinical practice should not be regarded as self-evident. A practical demonstration of the application of public health principles to clinical problem solving may be the most effective means of overcoming resistance. Almost anywhere that clinical services are provided is suitable for this purpose. Community clinics, health centres or general practices have obvious appeal but acute hospitals have important advantages arising from students' preoccupation with clinical medicine. The main aim of integrated public health teaching is to facilitate the students' acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes that promote the effective application of public health approaches to clinical practice. The interrelationships between clinical practice and public health may be represented in the form of a grid. The vertical headings are the clinical skills that relate to the different stages of the natural history of disease , from the pre-disease state through diagnosis, treatment and follow up. The horizontal headings describe four key public health dimensions: epidemiology, behaviour/lifestyle, environment and health policy. The text in the boxes suggests appropriate topics for discussion. The grid is also potentially useful for course documentation and content evaluation. [source] The Textual Criticism of Middle English Manuscript Traditions: A Survey of Critical Issues in the Interpretation of Textual DataLITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 6 2009Gavin Cole This essay is intended to survey two broad issues which determine the use of textual data. The first is the underlying orientation towards the use of textual data and how this relates to critical evaluations of agency, authority and materiality. This essay surveys two broad orientations: (i) an essentially retrospective genetic orientation and, (ii) an orientation which focuses on the phenomenon of change. Both approaches are dependent on the ability to distinguish original readings from scribal readings, identify genetic relationships and account for acts of horizontal transmission. With this in mind, the second issue with which this essay is concerned is the importance of critical interpretation in the categorisation of textual data. This essay argues that textual criticism is a practical demonstration of the difficulties of interpretation and that no textual data ,has any real evidential value until it has been interpreted' (Patterson 90). [source] A qualitative study of women's views about how health professionals communicate about infant feedingHEALTH EXPECTATIONS, Issue 4 2000Pat Hoddinott GP Objective To look at how communication by health professionals about infant feeding is perceived by first time mothers. Design Qualitative semi-structured interviews early in pregnancy and 6,10 weeks after birth. Subjects and setting Twenty-one white, low income women expecting their first baby were interviewed mostly at home, often with their partner or a relative. Results The personal and practical aspects of infant feeding which were important to women were seldom discussed in detail in ante-natal interviews. In post-natal interviews women described how words alone encouraging them to breastfeed were insufficient. Apprenticeship style learning of practical skills was valued, particularly time patiently spent watching them feed their baby. Women preferred to be shown skills rather than be told how to do them. Some felt pressure to breastfeed and bottle feeding mothers on post-natal wards felt neglected in comparison. Women preferred their own decision-making to be facilitated rather than being advised what to do. Some women experienced distress exposing their breasts and being touched by health professionals. Continuity of care and forming a personal relationship with a health professional who could reassure them were key factors associated with satisfaction with infant feeding communication. Conclusions The infant feeding goal for many women is a contented, thriving baby. In contrast, women perceive that the goal for health professionals is the continuation of breastfeeding. These differing goals can give rise to dissatisfaction with communication which is often seen as ,breastfeeding centred' rather than ,woman centred.' Words alone offering support for breastfeeding were often inadequate and women valued practical demonstrations and being shown how to feed their baby. Spending time with a caring midwife with whom the woman had developed a personal, continuing relationship was highly valued. Women were keen to maintain ownership, control and responsibility for their own decision-making about infant feeding. [source] |