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Practical Approach (practical + approach)
Selected AbstractsMedia Reviews Available OnlineACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 12 2006Article first published online: 28 JUN 200 Book reviewed in this article: Pediatric Resuscitation: A Practical Approach. Edited by Mark G. Roback, Stephen J. Teach. Anyone, Anything, Anytime (A History of Emergency Medicine) By Brian J. Zink. Emergency Medicine Decision Making: Critical Choices in Chaotic Environments By Scott Weingart, Peter Wyer. Cardiology Clinics: Chest Pain Units issue Edited by Ezra A. Amsterdam, J. Douglas Kirk MD. Pediatric Emergency Medicine Quick Glance Edited by Ghazala Q. Sharieff, Madeline Matar Joseph, Todd W. Wylie. Emergency Medicine Written Board Review. By Scott H. Plantz, Dwight Collman. Emergency Medicine Oral Board Review. By William Gossman, Scott H. Plantz. Emergency Medicine Q & A. By Joseph Lex, Lance W. Kreplick, Scott H. Plantz, Daniel Girazadas Jr. [source] Reading EEGs: A Practical ApproachEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 4 2010K. A. Jellinger No abstract is available for this article. [source] N -(4-Nitrophenylsulfonyl)- and N -(Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)- N -ethyl Amino Acid Methyl Esters , A Practical ApproachEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 22 2010Emilia Lucia Belsito Abstract An efficient one-pot preparation of N -ethyl- N -4-nitrophenylsulfonyl (nosyl) amino acid methyl esters was accomplished by a simple N -ethylation reaction by using triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate in the presence of N,N -diisopropylethylamine. The N -ethylated amino acid methyl esters are obtained with total retention of stereochemistry at the original chiral centers. To further broaden the scope of this methodology, the N -ethylated nosyl-protected compounds are easily converted in the more practical fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected derivatives. The cleavage of methyl ester by using a mild and neutral method enables the preparation of N -ethyl amino acids that are building blocks suitable for introduction into a peptide chain. The methodology works well with both nosyl- and Fmoc-based solution-phase peptide synthesis. [source] A Model of Cells as Practical Approach to Simulate Spring Flow in the Itxina Karstic Aquifer, Basque Country, SpainGROUND WATER, Issue 3 2001J. Gárfias Soliz The aim of this study is to apply a parsimonious hydrologic model to the Itxina karstic aquifer that can predict changes in discharge resulting from variable inputs (recharge). The Itxina Aquifer was divided into four cells corresponding to different recharge areas. Each cell was treated as a tank to characterize the conditions within the cell. In the model, when the reservoir boundaries coincide with the position of the siphons, the signal simulated is sensitive to input pulses of the recharge. This supports the hypothesis that the siphons are the controlling mechanism in the flow system of the aquifer. The good agreement between predicted and measured discharges demonstrates the ability of the model to simulate the flow in the Itxina Aquifer. These results demonstrated that the hydraulic conductivity increases downstream within the aquifer. The hydraulic conductivities obtained by calibration varied between 4.2 × 10,3 m/s upstream of the aquifer, 6.0 × 10,2 m/s in the central region, and 9.5 × 10,1 m/s in the lower region of the aquifer. These values seem reasonable because the underground features in the principal caves show that the density of caves increases downstream in the Itxina Aquifer. The simple representation of the system produced results comparable to traditional ground water models with fewer data requirements and calibration parameters. [source] A Practical Approach to the Design, Monitoring, and Optimization of In Situ MTBE Aerobic BiobarriersGROUND WATER MONITORING & REMEDIATION, Issue 1 2010Paul C. Johnson A paradigm for the design, monitoring, and optimization of in situ methyl tert -butyl ether (MTBE) aerobic biobarriers is presented. In this technology, an oxygen-rich biologically reactive treatment zone (the "biobarrier") is established in situ and downgradient of the source of dissolved MTBE contamination in groundwater, typically gasoline-impacted soils resulting from leaks and spills at service station sites or other fuel storage and distribution facilities. The system is designed so that groundwater containing dissolved MTBE flows to, and through, the biobarrier treatment zone, ideally under natural gradient conditions so that no pumping is necessary. As the groundwater passes through the biobarrier, the MTBE is converted by microorganisms to innocuous by-products. The system also reduces concentrations of other aerobically degradable chemicals dissolved in the groundwater, such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, and tert -butyl alcohol. This design paradigm is based on experience gained while designing, monitoring, and optimizing pilot-scale and full-scale MTBE biobarrier systems. It is largely empirically based, although the design approach does rely on simple engineering calculations. The paradigm emphasizes gas injection,based oxygen delivery schemes, although many of the steps would be common to other methods of delivering oxygen to aquifers. [source] Listeria: A Practical Approach to the Organism and its Control in Foods.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 8 2008Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis (Dr, Ph.D.) No abstract is available for this article. [source] Clostridium botulinum: a Practical Approach to the Organism and its Control in FoodsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 7 2003Roy Betts No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Practical Approach to Lung Health in South Africa (PALSA) intervention: respiratory guideline implementation for nurse trainersINTERNATIONAL NURSING REVIEW, Issue 4 2006A. Bheekie d.pharm Aim:, This paper describes the design, facilitation and preliminary assessment of a 1-week cascade training programme for nurse trainers in preparation for implementation of the Practical Approach to Lung Health in South Africa (PALSA) intervention, tested within the context of a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial in the Free State province. PALSA combines evidence-based syndromic guidelines on the management of respiratory disease in adults with group educational outreach to nurse practitioners. Background:, Evidence-based strategies to facilitate the implementation of primary care guidelines in low- to middle-income countries are limited. In South Africa, where the burden of respiratory diseases is high and growing, documentation and evaluation of training programmes in chronic conditions for health professionals is limited. Method:, The PALSA training design aimed for coherence between the content of the guidelines and the facilitation process that underpins adult learning. Content facilitation involved the use of key management principles (key messages) highlighted in nurse-centred guidelines manual and supplemented by illustrated material and reminders. Process facilitation entailed reflective and experiential learning, role-playing and non-judgemental feedback. Discussion and results:, Preliminary feedback showed an increase in trainers' self-awareness and self-confidence. Process and content facilitators agreed that the integrated training approach was balanced. All participants found that the training was motivational, minimally prescriptive, highly nurse-centred and offered personal growth. Conclusion:, In addition to tailored guideline recommendations, training programmes should consider individual learning styles and adult learning processes. [source] A Practical Approach to Evaluating and Improving Juvenile Justice ProgramsJUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JOURNAL, Issue 1 2004JAMES C. HOWELL ABSTRACT For more than a decade, the juvenile justice field in the United States has been dominated by the seventh "moral panic" over juvenile delinquency. This panic led to an overreaction to juvenile delinquency by legislators and juvenile justice officials. The main consequence is a "crisis of overload" in many state and local juvenile justice systems across the country. Tools are available to help juvenile courts effectively manage the overload of court clients. Most important, a new method has been developed for evaluating existing programs against research-based standards that have been synthesized from juvenile justice program evaluations. This tool enables states and localities to take a practical approach to improving juvenile justice system programs. [source] Compositional and Failure Analysis of Polymers: A Practical Approach Edited by John Scheirs John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 2000. pp xi,+,765, price £50.00 ISBN 0-471-62572-8POLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 9 2001A Pethrick No abstract is available for this article. [source] Book Review: FISH: A Practical Approach.PROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 6 2003By Barbara G. Beatty, Jeremy Squire, Sabine Mai No abstracts. [source] Legal Implications Regarding Self-Neglecting Community-Dwelling Adults: A Practical Approach for the Community Nurse in IrelandPUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 2 2010Julianne Ballard ABSTRACT This paper explores the current literature related to legal issues encountered by the public health nurse in Ireland in visiting clients exhibiting self-neglecting behavior. Nurses working in community settings where home visiting of clients is required will at some point encounter situations of client self-neglect. Possession of a clear legal framework for the local area that addresses both the nurse's professional responsibility and the client's rights is needed. Because a high incidence of depression and dementia seen in self-neglecting adults has prompted calls for wider screening of the agreeable client, an understanding of the definition of competence and capacity in the national legal system for that client becomes critical. In Ireland, as in many other countries, refusal of care or screening is the right of any competent adult. However, issues of mandatory reporting, confidentiality, and trespass may differ from other areas. Nursing care delivered at the community level to a client exhibiting self-neglecting behavior involves a delicate balance of trust and support. Through this overview of the legal implications for self-neglecting clients in Ireland, nurses have the opportunity to begin an exploration of similarities and differences in approach on a global level. [source] Clinical Prediction Models: A Practical Approach to Development, Validation and Updating by STEYERBERG, E. W.BIOMETRICS, Issue 2 2010Rumana Omar No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Phylogenetic Handbook: A Practical Approach to Phylogenetic Analysis and Hypothesis Testing edited by LEMEY, P., SALEMI, M., and VANDAMME, A.-M.BIOMETRICS, Issue 1 2010Mike Steel No abstract is available for this article. [source] Bayesian Core: A Practical Approach to Computational Bayesian Statistics by J. M. MARIN and C. P. ROBERTBIOMETRICS, Issue 3 2007Lawrence Joseph No abstract is available for this article. [source] A Simple and Practical Approach to ,-Halo- and ,-Phenylthio-,,,-enones.CHEMINFORM, Issue 28 2005Nagaraju Gudimalla No abstract is available for this article. [source] MgI2 -Catalyzed Halo Aldol Reaction: A Practical Approach to (E)-,-Iodovinyl-,,-hydroxyketones.CHEMINFORM, Issue 10 2005Han-Xun Wei Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Design of Robust Control Systems from Classical to Modern Practical Approaches, Krieger Publishing Co., Malabar, FL 32950, ISBN 1-57524-143-9, 2001.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL, Issue 10 2002Yossi Chait Dr. No abstract is available for this article. [source] Efficient and Practical Approaches to Ground-Water Right Transfers Under the Prior Appropriation Doctrine and the Snake River Example,JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 1 2008Gary S. Johnson Abstract:, Water right transfers are one of the basic means of implementing changes in water use in the highly appropriated water resource systems of the western United States. Many of these systems are governed by the Prior Appropriation Doctrine, which was not originally intended for application to ground-water pumping and the conjunctive management of ground water and surface water, and thus creates an administrative challenge. That challenge results from the fact that ground-water pumping can affect all interconnected surface-water bodies and the effects may be immeasurably small relative to surface water discharge and greatly attenuated in time. Although we may have the ability to calculate the effects of ground-water pumping and transfers of pumping location on surface-water bodies, mitigating for all the impacts of each individual transfer is sufficiently inefficient that it impedes the transfer process, frustrates water users, and consequently inhibits economic development. A more holistic approach to ground-water right transfers, such as a ground-water accounting or banking scheme, may adequately control transfer third-party effects while reducing mitigation requirements on individual transfers. Acceptance of an accounting scheme can accelerate the transfer process, and possibly reduce the administrative burden. [source] Children Who Commit Sexual Offences: Some Legal Anomalies and Practical Approaches to the LawTHE HOWARD JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE, Issue 5 2007LAURA JANES It provides a brief survey of the prevalence of sexual offences committed by children. It reviews some of the key legislation that deals with children who commit sexual offences with a particular focus on some of the anomalies contained within it. Drawing on the experience of the work of the Howard League's legal department, it identifies a systematic failure to deal with these children in a constructive way and suggests some ways in which the law can be used to improve the chances of effective rehabilitation for children who are convicted of sexual offences. [source] Practical approach to treating essential thrombocythaemia: case studiesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 2007John T. Reilly No abstract is available for this article. [source] Evaluation of the Fertility and Cancer Project (FCP) among young breast cancer survivorsPSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 10 2010Karen Meneses Abstract Objective: Fertility and childbearing issues are the major quality of life concerns among young breast cancer survivors. Practical approaches are needed to convey reproductive health information. The Fertility and Cancer Project (FCP) is a dedicated research project that provides online reproductive health and fertility education. We report FCP participants' (a) changes in mood and functioning and (b) changes in knowledge of fertility and cancer from baseline to 6-month follow-up. Methods: Participants completed five self-report baseline measures, accessed FCP content and participated in online discussions. At 6 months post FCP study entry, participants were asked to complete follow-up self-reports. Results: One hundred and six breast cancer survivors from 8 countries participated in the FCP. Mean age at diagnosis was 34.3 years; mean time since diagnosis was 22 months. Significant change was detected in improved physical functioning (p=0.019) and social functioning (p=0.02). Significant changes were also noted in improved fertility knowledge (p=0.011). Conclusion: Preliminary evidence shows that young breast cancer survivors derive improved mood and knowledge benefit from FCP participation. Internet-based approach may be a viable format for engaging this population of cancer survivors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Understanding clinical trial outcomes: design, analysis, and interpretationDERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 2 2007Heidi T. Jacobe ABSTRACT:, Outcomes (a variable intended for comparison between groups) are integral to the design, conduct, and data analysis of a clinical trial. They are broadly divided into four categories: physician based, patient reported, economic based, and technology based. Each is used in dermatology to some degree, but no consensus exists as to what type of outcome or degree of validation should be employed. This is problematical because poor quality outcomes or their incorrect use may invalidate the results of a clinical trial. Despite their importance, outcome measures in dermatology receive little attention. The present authors aim to provide an overview of important considerations for outcome measures and a practical approach to their analysis. [source] The Diagnosis and Prediction of Bank Failures in Zambia, 1990,98DEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 3 2002Samuel Munzele Maimbo This article presents a non-econometric, yet practical approach for regulators in developing countries. With limited financial resources to determine the ,safety and soundness' of a large number of financial institutuions, regulatory authorities are appreciative of any kind of mechanism that can identify banks that are in financial difficulties. The Zambian case is interesting, in that the bank failures of 1995 and 1997/8 brought into question the ability of the central bank to diagnose the financial condition of banks. This article evaluates the Bank of Zambia's experience over the period 1990 to March 1998 and makes recommendations on how to improve diagnosis and prediction of bank failures by incorporating non-financial factors into the analysis of bank performance. [source] Clinical practice recommendations for depressionACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2009G. S. Malhi Objective:, To provide clinically relevant evidence-based recommendations for the management of depression in adults that are informative, easy to assimilate and facilitate clinical decision making. Method:, A comprehensive literature review of over 500 articles was undertaken using electronic database search engines (e.g. MEDLINE, PsychINFO and Cochrane reviews). In addition articles, book chapters and other literature known to the authors were reviewed. The findings were then formulated into a set of recommendations that were developed by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians who routinely deal with mood disorders. The recommendations then underwent consultative review by a broader advisory panel that included experts in the field, clinical staff and patient representatives. Results:, The clinical practice recommendations for depression (Depression CPR) summarize evidence-based treatments and provide a synopsis of recommendations relating to each phase of the illness. They are designed for clinical use and have therefore been presented succinctly in an innovative and engaging manner that is clear and informative. Conclusion:, These up-to-date recommendations provide an evidence-based framework that incorporates clinical wisdom and consideration of individual factors in the management of depression. Further, the novel style and practical approach should promote uptake and implementation. [source] Clinical practice recommendations for bipolar disorderACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2009G. S. Malhi Objective:, To provide clinically relevant evidence-based recommendations for the management of bipolar disorder in adults that are informative, easy to assimilate and facilitate clinical decision-making. Method:, A comprehensive literature review of over 500 articles was undertaken using electronic database search engines (e.g. MEDLINE, PsychINFO and Cochrane reviews). In addition articles, book chapters and other literature known to the authors were reviewed. The findings were then formulated into a set of recommendations that were developed by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians who routinely deal with mood disorders. These preliminary recommendations underwent extensive consultative review by a broader advisory panel that included experts in the field, clinical staff and patient representatives. Results:, The clinical practice recommendations for bipolar disorder (bipolar CPR) summarise evidence-based treatments and provide a synopsis of recommendations relating to each phase of the illness. They are designed for clinical use and have therefore been presented succinctly in an innovative and engaging manner that is clear and informative. Conclusion:, These up-to-date recommendations provide an evidence-based framework that incorporates clinical wisdom and consideration of individual factors in the management of bipolar disorder. Further, the novel style and practical approach should promote their uptake and implementation. [source] Managing young people with Type 1 diabetes in a ,rave' new world: metabolic complications of substance abuse in Type 1 diabetesDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 4 2009P. Lee Abstract The taxing transition from adolescence towards adulthood intensifies the impact of a chronic illness such as Type 1 diabetes. It is not uncommon for young people with Type 1 diabetes to use recreational drugs for emotional relief to escape the day-to-day burden of chronic disease. Despite increasing use, especially in the setting of ,rave' parties, there is professional lack of understanding of the impact of recreational drug use on glycaemia and metabolic complications. The current review describes the prevalence of substance abuse in Type 1 diabetes and the acute impact of designer drugs on its management. We propose a practical approach to improve care of young people with Type 1 diabetes using designer drugs. [source] Differentiation of structural isomers in a target drug database by LC/Q-TOFMS using fragmentation predictionDRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS, Issue 6 2010Elli Tyrkkö Abstract Isomers cannot be differentiated from each other solely based on accurate mass measurement of the compound. A liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/Q-TOFMS) method was used to systematically fragment a large group of different isomers. Two software programs were used to characterize in silico mass fragmentation of compounds in order to identify characteristic fragments. The software programs employed were ACD/MS Fragmenter (ACD Labs Toronto, Canada), which uses general fragmentation rules to generate fragments based on the structure of a compound, and SmartFormula3D (Bruker Daltonics), which assigns fragments from a mass spectra and calculates the molecular formulae for the ions using accurate mass data. From an in-house toxicology database of 874 drug substances, 48 isomer groups comprising 111 compounds, for which a reference standard was available, were found. The product ion spectra were processed with the two software programs and 1,3 fragments were identified for each compound. In 82% of the cases, the fragment could be identified with both software programs. Only 10 isomer pairs could not be differentiated from each other based on their fragments. These compounds were either diastereomers or position isomers undergoing identical fragmentation. Accurate mass data could be utilized with both software programs for structural elucidation of the fragments. Mean mass accuracy and isotopic pattern match values (SigmaFit; Bruker Daltonics Bremen, Germany) were 0.9 mDa and 24.6 mSigma, respectively. The study introduces a practical approach for preliminary compound identification in a large target database by LC/Q-TOFMS without necessarily possessing reference standards. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Systematic sample design for the estimation of spatial meansENVIRONMETRICS, Issue 1 2003Luis Ambrosio Flores Abstract This article develops a practical approach to undertaking systematic sampling for the estimation of the spatial mean of an attribute in a selected area. A design-based approach is used to estimate population parameters, but it is combined with elements of a model-based approach in order to identify the spatial correlation structure, to evaluate the relative efficiency of the sample mean under simple random and systematic sampling, to estimate sampling error and to assess the sample size needed in order to achieve a desired level of precision. Using two case studies (land use estimation and weed seedbank in soil) it is demonstrated how the practical basis for the design of systematic samples provided in this work should be applied and it is shown that if the spatial correlation is ignored the sampling error of the sample mean and the sample size needed in order to achieve a desired level of precision with systematic sampling are overestimated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Saliva DHEA and cortisol responses following short-term corticosteroid intakeEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 2 2010L. Jollin Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (2): 183,186 Abstract Background, Given the high correlation between the serum and saliva hormone values demonstrated at rest, saliva provides a convenient non-invasive way to determine dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol concentrations. However, to our knowledge, pituitary adrenal recovery following short-term suppression with corticosteroids has never been investigated in saliva. The aim of this study was therefore to examine how steroid hormone concentrations in saliva are influenced by short-term corticosteroid administration. Materials and methods, We studied saliva DHEA and cortisol concentrations before, during (day 1,day 7) and following (day 8,day 16) the administration of oral therapeutic doses of prednisone (50 mg daily for 1 week) in 11 healthy recreationally trained women. Results, Mean saliva DHEA and cortisol concentrations decreased immediately after the start of prednisone treatment (P < 0·05). Three days after concluding prednisone administration, both saliva DHEA and cortisol had returned to pretreatment levels. Conclusions, These data are consistent with previous studies on blood samples and suggest that non-invasive saliva samples may offer a practical approach to assessing pituitary-adrenal function continuously during and after short-term corticosteroid therapy. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||