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Postharvest Diseases (postharvest + disease)
Selected AbstractsEnhancement of biocontrol activity of yeasts by adding sodium bicarbonate or ammonium molybdate to control postharvest disease of jujube fruitsLETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2003Y.K. Wan Abstract Aims: To assess the potential of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium molybdate as additives in enhancing the biocontrol efficacy of Rhodotorula glutinis and Cryptococcus laurentii against blue mould in jujube fruits. Methods and Results: Two yeasts at a concentration of 107 CFU ml,1, in combination with 238 mmol l,1 sodium bicarbonate or 15 mmol l,1 ammonium molybdate, showed a significant inhibition effect on blue mould of jujube fruits stored at 20°C for 5 days. The colonizing ability of the yeasts in wounded sites was significantly decreased in the presence of ammonium molybdate. Conclusions: Combining R. glutinis or C. laurentii with sodium bicarbonate or ammonium molybdate provided a more effective control of postharvest disease than using the antagonistic yeasts or the chemicals alone. Significance and Impact of the Study: The addition of sodium bicarbonate or ammonium molybdate reduced the number of antagonists required to efficiently control disease of postharvest fruits, which could result in the reduction of costs. [source] Synergistic effect of oligochitosan and silicon on inhibition of Monilinia fructicola infectionsJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 4 2010Lingyu Yang Abstract BACKGROUND: Oligochitosan has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and shows an obvious inhibitory effect on phytopathogens. In addition, as an exogenous elicitor, it can induce various defence responses, including affecting the activities of several defence-related enzymes and substances in some plants. Owing to this dual function of oligochitosan, it can be used to control postharvest diseases of fruits. Silicon, like oligochitosan, also has a dual function. In this study the synergistic effect of oligochitosan and silicon on the decay control of apple fruit was investigated. RESULTS:In vitro, both oligochitosan and silicon significantly inhibited spore germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial growth of Monilinia fructicola, with higher concentrations having a greater effect. The synergistic effect of oligochitosan and silicon at half-maximal inhibitory concentration on disease control at 25 °C was much better than the effect of oligochitosan or silicon alone, not only in vitro but also in vivo. CONCLUSION: The results showed that a combination of oligochitosan and silicon had a synergistic effect on the control of disease caused by M. fructicola in apple fruit at 25 °C. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Inhibitory activity of tea polyphenol and Hanseniaspora uvarum against Botrytis cinerea infectionsLETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010H.M. Liu Abstract Aims:, To investigate the effect of tea polyphenol (TP) and Hanseniaspora uvarum alone or in combination against Botrytis cinerea in grapes and to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved. Methods and Results:, TP alone was effective in controlling grey mould in grape at all concentrations. TP at 0·5 and 1·0% in combination with H. uvarum (1 × 106 CFU ml,1) showed a lower infection rate of grey mould. TP at 0·01% or above significantly inhibited the spore germination of B. cinerea. TP at 0·1% showed inhibition ability on mycelium growth of B. cinerea. The addition of TP did not affect the growth of H. uvarum in vitro and significantly increased the population of H. uvarum in vivo. Conclusions:, TP exhibited an inhibitory effect against B. cinerea and improved the biocontrol efficacy of H. uvarum. The inhibitory effects of spore germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea and the increased populations of H. uvarum in vivo may be some of the important mechanisms of TP. Significance and Impact of the Study:, The results suggested that TP alone or in combination with biocontrol agents has great potential in the commercial management of postharvest diseases of fruits. [source] Volatile metabolite profiling to detect and discriminate stem-end rot and anthracnose diseases of mango fruitsPLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2006M. Moalemiyan The volatile metabolites from the headspace gas of containerised mango (Mangifera indica) cv. Tommy Atkins fruits, surface wounded and inoculated with the two fungal anamorphic pathogens Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, or non-inoculated (controls), were profiled using a portable gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer to discriminate diseases of mango. Thirty-four compounds were detected relatively consistently among replicates. Several of these were disease/inoculation-discriminatory and were classified into three groups: (i) compounds unique to only one treatment; (ii) compounds common to two or more treatments, but not to all; and (iii) compounds common to all treatments, but varying in their abundance. Two compounds, 1-pentanol and ethyl boronate, were detected in L. theobromae- inoculated mangoes alone, while thujol was observed only in C. gloeosporioides- inoculated mangoes. Discriminant analysis models based on the abundance of significant mass ions and consistent compounds correctly classified diseases/inoculations in up to 100% of cases. The disease-discriminatory compounds and discriminant analysis models developed here have the potential to be used in the early detection of postharvest diseases of mango fruits after validation under commercial conditions. [source] Gas chromatography,mass spectrometry analyses of volatile organic compounds from potato tubers inoculated with Phytophthora infestans or Fusarium coeruleumPLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2001B. P. J. De Lacy Costello Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) collected from potato tubers inoculated with Phytophthora infestans (late blight), Fusarium coeruleum (dry rot) or sterilized distilled water (as a control) were analysed using gas chromatography,mass spectrometry (GC,MS) and gas chromatography,flame ionization detection (GC,FID). A total of 52 volatiles were identified by GC,MS in the headspaces above P. infestans- and F. coeruleum- inoculated tubers after incubation for 42 days in the dark at 10°C. Of these VOCs, the six most abundant were common to both pathogens. These were benzothiazole (highest abundance), 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (second highest abundance), and at approximately equal third abundance, hexanal, 2-methylpropanoic acid-2,2-dimethyl-1-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-propyl ester, 2-methylpropanoic acid-3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-pentyl ester and phenol. In addition, styrene also occurred at approximately equal third abundance in the headspace of F. coeruleum- inoculated tubers, but at lower abundance in the headspace of P. infestans- inoculated tubers. Some VOCs were specific to each pathogen. Butanal, 3-methylbutanal, undecane and verbenone were found at low levels only in the headspace of tubers inoculated with P. infestans, while 2-pentylfuran and copaene were found only in the headspace of tubers inoculated with F. coeruleum. Additionally GC,FID analysis identified ethanol and 2-propanol in the liquid exudate from both P. infestans - and F. coeruleum -inoculated tubers after incubation for 35 days, and in the headspace after incubation for 42 days. These data provide key information for developing a sensor-based early warning system for the detection of postharvest diseases in stored potato tubers. [source] | ||||||||||