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Posterior Subcapsular Cataract (posterior + subcapsular_cataract)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Posterior Subcapsular Cataract and Hip Fracture

JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 4 2004
Yohannes W. Endeshaw MD
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Ocular complications of neurological therapy

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 7 2005
S. Hadjikoutis
Treatments used for several neurological conditions may adversely affect the eye. Vigabatrin-related retinal toxicity leads to a visual field defect. Optic neuropathy may result from ethambutol and isoniazid, and from radiation therapy. Posterior subcapsular cataract is associated with systemic corticosteroids. Transient refractive error changes may follow treatment with acetazolamide or topiramate, and corneal deposits and keratitis with amandatine. Intraocular pressure can be elevated in susceptible individuals by anticholinergic drugs, including oxybutynin, tolterodine, benzhexol, propantheline, atropine and amitriptyline, and also by systemic corticosteroids and by topiramate. Nystagmus, diplopia and extraocular muscle palsies can occur with antiepileptic drugs, particularly phenytoin and carbamazepine. Ocular neuromyotonia can follow parasellar radiation. Congenital ocular malformations can result from in utero exposure to maternally prescribed sodium valproate, phenytoin and carbamazepine. Neurologists must be aware of potential ocular toxicity of these drugs, and appropriately monitor for potential adverse events. [source]

Prevalence and associations of cataract in indigenous Australians within central Australia: the Central Australian Ocular Health Study

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
John Landers MBBS MPH PhD
Abstract Purpose:, To determine the prevalence and associations of cataract within the indigenous Australian population living in central Australia. Methods:, 1884 individuals aged ,20 years, living in one of 30 remote communities within the statistical local area of ,central Australia' were recruited for this study. This equated to 36% of those aged ,20 years and 67% of those aged ,40 years within this district. Slit-lamp examination was performed. The degree and subtype of cataract was graded using the Lens Opacities Classification System III criteria. A cataract was defined as a nuclear opalescence ,4.0, a cortical opacity ,3.0, a posterior subcapsular opacity ,2.0, a visual acuity worse than 6/12 or a visual acuity worse than 6/60 due to cataract. The prevalence of cataract in one or both eyes was presented for each of the definitions. Results:, Nuclear opalescence cataract was present in 13.5% (18.5% of those ,40 years); cortical opacity cataract was present in 13.1% (17.7% of those ,40 years); and posterior subcapsular cataract was present in 15.8% (21.0% of those ,40 years). 12.6% of patients (17.3% of those ,40 years) and 4.4% of patients (5.9% of those ,40 years) had a cataract that resulted in a visual acuity of worse than 6/12 and worse than 6/60, respectively. All cataracts were associated with advancing age. Posterior subcapsular cataract was associated with self-reported diabetes. Conclusion:, There is a higher prevalence of cataract among indigenous Australians living within remote central Australia compared with the non-indigenous population. Services for this population need to be designed with this in mind when planning resource allocation. [source]

Objective predictors of subjective visual function for different age-related cataract morphologies

OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, Issue 6 2002
N. Hakim-Banan
Purpose:, To find objective chart tests that give a measure of visual function in the different age-related cataract morphological groups and can be applied in a clinical setting. Methods:, Subjects with age-related cataract (N = 33) were recruited to the study from both private optometric practice and a hospital eye department. All subjects underwent LOCS III grading of their cataract and had their functional vision assessed using the VF-14 questionnaire. High (96%) and low (16%) contrast logMAR visual acuity were measured together with Pelli,Robson contrast sensitivity. A stepwise linear regression was then performed on the data to find significant predictors for VF-14 in the three age-related cataract morphological groups as well as in a mixed group. Results:, Low contrast logMAR visual acuity was a significant predictor of VF-14 in the cortical (p = 0.014) and nuclear (p = 0.024) subgroups. For the mixed morphological group both high and low contrast visual acuity were significant predictors (p < 0.03). There were only three subjects with pure posterior subcapsular cataract and so no meaningful analysis could be performed. Conclusions:, Low contrast logMAR visual acuity may be a better predictor of visual function in cortical and nuclear cataract compared with high contrast logMAR visual acuity or Pelli,Robson contrast sensitivity. [source]

Ocular Changes after Intravitreal Injection of Methanol, Formaldehyde, or Formate in Rabbits

BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, Issue 2 2001
Yoriko Hayasaka
One hundred ,l of 1% methanol, 1% or 0.1% formaldehyde, or 1% formate was injected in the vitreous cavity of the right eyes of rabbits. The eyes were examined by biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy weekly. One month after injection, the eyes were enucleated and examined histologically. One week after treatment the animals that received 0.1% formaldehyde showed retinal vessel dilation, and the rabbits that received 1% formaldehyde showed mild posterior subcapsular cataract and retinal vessel dilation and haemorrhages. One month after treatment, the animals that received 0.1% or 1% formaldehyde developed mild posterior subcapsular cataract and retinal lesions. Animals that received 1% methanol or 1% formate showed nearly normal optical media and fundi. Histologically disorganized retina and optic nerve were seen in eyes that received 0.1% or 1% formaldehyde. Eyes that received 1% methanol or 1% formate appeared histologically normal. Our findings indicate that intravitreal injection of formaldehyde causes retinal and optic nerve damage, while methanol and formate are not or less toxic to ocular tissues. [source]

3425: Influence of cataract morphology on retinal straylight and straylight changes due to cataract surgery using the Morcher 89A Bag in the LensTM

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010
MJ TASSIGNON
Purpose To evaluate straylight and contrast sensitivity (CS) in eyes with various cataract morphologies, to determine which type of cataract presents a higher impairment of visual function with respect to proposed norms car driver safety and to compare retinal straylight and CS before and after implantation of a Morcher 89A IOL. Methods BCVA, CS and straylight were measured in 97 cataractous eyes using respectively a Snellen chart, a Pelli-Robson chart and the C-Quant. Cataracts were graded using the LOCS III scale and divided into four groups: nuclear, cortical, nuclear-cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract. These results were compared to data from 38 cataract-free control subjects. A separate group of 71 eyes had their straylight measured before and after cataract surgery. Results CS was reduced and straylight increased in all cataract patients, most notably in posterior subcapsular and nuclear-cortical cataract. CS and BCVA were correlated (r=0.44), whereas straylight and BCVA were not. Applying cut-off values as proposed by European drivers studies of l.25 log CS and 1.4 log straylight as safe margins for driving, 31% would be considered unfit to drive on the basis of CS and 78% on the basis of straylight although their visual acuity was still above the current European visual acuity requirement for driving. Retinal straylight reduced significantly from 1.560.26 to 1.250.22logunits (P<0.001) after IOL implantation . Conclusion Straylight and, to a lesser extent, CS are complementary to BCVA and should be taken into account when considering driving eligibility. After IOL implantation straylight reduces significantly, resulting in a significant increase in driving eligibility. [source]

Major eye diseases and risk factors associated with systemic hypertension in an adult chinese population: the Beijing Eye Study

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009
T LIBONDI
Purpose To assess the relationship of hypertension with major eye diseases and other ocular parameters. Methods The Beijing Eye Study is a population-based study. Examination at baseline in 2001; follow-up examination in 2006; 3222 subjects had blood pressure measurements. All participants underwent a thourough ophthalmic examination and blood pressure measurement. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure ,140 mm Hg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ,90 mm Hg, and/or self-reported current treatment for hypertension with antihypertensive medication. Results Mean age of participants in the present study was 60.4±10.0 years. Hypertension was present in 1500 (46.6%) of the 3222 subjects who had their blood pressure measured. In multiple regression analysis, hypertension was associated with higher intraocular pressure (P = 0.005), arterio-venous nicking (P = 0.009),retinal vein occlusions (P = 0.02), and diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.02). Hypertension was not significantly associated with the prevalence of open-angle glaucoma (P = 0.19) or angle-closure glaucoma (P = 0.15), age-related macular degeneration (P = 0.73), nuclear cataract (P = 0.88), posterior subcapsular cataract (P = 0.30), cortical cataract (P = 0.10), or area of alpha zone (P=0.05) or beta zone of parapapillary atrophy (P = 0.95). Conclusion In Chinese persons, while controlling for other systemic parameters, hypertension was associated with increased intraocular pressure, retinal microvascular abnormalities, and prevalence of retinal vein occlusion and diabetic retinopathy. Hypertension was not associated significantly with age-related macular degeneration, age-related cataract, or glaucoma [source]

Phacoemulsification in vitrectomized eyes: results using a ,phaco chop' technique

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 4 2009
Nishant Sachdev
Abstract. Purpose:, To evaluate the intraoperative and early postoperative complications of phacoemulsification using a ,phaco chop' technique in previously vitrectomized eyes. Methods:, A prospective interventional case series. Seventy-five previously vitrectomized eyes of 73 consecutive patients underwent phacoemulsification using a ,phaco chop' technique via clear corneal incision. Patients were observed for any intraoperative or early postoperative complications. Results:, Fifty-four eyes (72%) had predominant nuclear sclerosis or posterior subcapsular cataract. The intraoperative findings included intraoperative miosis [seen in 21 eyes (28%)] and posterior capsule plaques [in 15 eyes (20%)]. No other significant intraoperative complication (posterior capsule rupture, zonular lysis or dropped nuclei) was observed. In the early postoperative period, one patient had massive serous choroidal detachment, which resolved with conservative treatment. Mean preoperative visual acuity (LogMar scale) was 0.74, which improved to 0.36 postoperatively (p < 0.001). Conclusion:, Phacoemulsification using a ,phaco chop' technique is a safe procedure in vitrectomized eyes. [source]

The Beijing Eye Study

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 3 2009
Jost B. Jonas
Abstract. Purpose:, This review presents and summarizes the findings of the Beijing Eye Study. Methods:, The Beijing Eye Study is a population-based study which included 4439 of 5324 subjects (aged , 40 years) who were initially examined in 2001. The study was repeated in 2006, when 3251 (73.2% of 4439, or 61.1% of 5324) of the original subjects participated. Participants underwent a series of examinations including: refractometry; pneumotonometry; biomicroscopy assisted by slit-lamp; optical coherence tomography of the anterior segment; photography of the cornea, lens, optic disc, macula and fundus; blood sampling for laboratory tests; blood pressure measurements, and determinations of anthropomorphic parameters. They were also asked to complete a questionnaire which included questions on socioeconomic parameters, and awareness and treatment of ocular and general diseases. Results:, We present normative data for refractive error, anterior segment measurements, intraocular pressure and optic disc structures and their associations, frequency and causes of visual impairment, blindness and visual field defects, prevalences of trachoma, pterygia, open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma, cortical, nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusions, diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy, myelinated nerve fibres, and retinitis pigmentosa, and associated and risk factors. Discussion:, These data may be helpful for dealing with public health issues in China and for assessing associated and risk factors of ocular and general diseases in general. [source]

A case-control study on risk factors for nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract: The Casteldaccia Eye Study

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 5 2005
Giuseppe Giuffrè
Abstract. Purpose:,To investigate risk factors for nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular age-related cataract. Methods:,A case-control study was carried out on subjects aged 40 years and older, living in Casteldaccia, Sicily. Twenty-seven potential risk factors were investigated. Nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular opacities of the lens were classified according to the Lens Opacities Classification System II. Subjects with advanced lens opacities represented the cases, while an identical number of subjects without or with early cataract, matched for sex and age, were recruited as controls from within the same population. Results:,Univariate analysis showed that myopia and iris atrophy were significantly associated with nuclear cataract. Iris atrophy, use of corticosteroids, pseudoexfoliation syndrome and familial occurrence of cataract were positively correlated with cortical cataract. Myopia, iris atrophy, use of corticosteroids and familial occurrence of cataract presented an association with posterior subcapsular cataract. After multivariate analysis, the variables that remained significantly associated were myopia and iris atrophy for nuclear cataract; iris atrophy, pseudoexfoliation syndrome and familial occurrence of cataract for cortical cataract; and myopia, iris atrophy and familial occurrence of cataract for posterior subcapsular cataract. Conclusion:,In addition to well known risk factors such as myopia or use of corticosteroids, the Casteldaccia case-control study shows that iris atrophy represents a previously unrecognized risk factor for each of the three types of cataract. [source]

Vitreoretinal surgery in Behçet's disease with severe ocular complications

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2 2001
Yusuf Özertürk
ABSTRACT. Purpose: To investigate effects of vitreoretinal surgery in Behçet's disease. Materials and Method: Vitreoretinal surgery was applied to 26 eyes of 21 patients with Behçet's disease. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuities, number and duration of attacks, anterior and posterior segment pathologies were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 33 years and female/male ratio was 6/15. The mean follow-up was 23 months. Visual acuity increased in 15 eyes (58%), did not change in 11 eyes (42%). In the postoperative period, there was a significant decrease in mean number of uveitis attacks compared to the preoperative period (p=0.001), as well as a significant decrease in the mean duration of uveitis attacks (p=0.001). In the postoperative follow-up, intravitreal haemorrhage in 2 eyes (8%), posterior subcapsular cataract in 5 eyes (19%) and corticonuclear cataract in 2 eyes (8%) were observed. Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) developed in 5 of 16 eyes (31%) having ECLE-IOL. CME continued in 3 eyes (12%). Conclusion: Vitreoretinal surgery has favourable effect on the visual and anatomic prognosis in Behçet's patients with severe ocular complications. [source]

Colour contrast sensitivity in cataract and pseudophakia

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 5 2000
Björn Friström
ABSTRACT. Purpose: To study the influence of cataract on peripheral and central colour contrast sensitivity. Methods: Peripheral and central colour contrast sensitivity was measured with a computer graphics system along the protan, deutan and tritan axes. Included were 30 patients with cataract divided into three sub-groups: cortical cataract, nuclear sclerosis and posterior subcapsular cataract. Colour contrast was measured before and after cataract operation. Results: There were significant differences in peripheral colour contrast thresholds comparing the preoperative and postoperative results. This difference existed even in patients (n=19) with a pre-operative visual acuity ,0.5 (mean 0.6). The tritan axis was the one most affected by cataract. There was no significant difference between cataract sub-groups. Also, the central colour contrast sensitivity was affected by cataract. Again, the tritan axis was the most affected one. There was no significant difference between the cataract sub-groups. We also found large and significant differences in central colour contrast thresholds between normal subjects and postoperative values from the cataract group in all colour axes. The colour contrast sensitivity was poorer in pseudophakes than in normals. There was a difference between the three groups of different IOL material used (PMMA, acrylic and silicone). The difference was significant in the protan axis, the acrylic group having the best colour contrast sensitivity. Conclusion: Peripheral colour contrast sensitivity was affected by cataract, even when only moderately developed. This finding is of importance and should be considered when the method is used to study other eye diseases e.g. glaucoma. Central colour contrast sensitivity was also affected by cataract. The pseudophakes were found to have poorer colour contrast sensitivity than normals. The material in the IOL seemed to be of importance for colour contrast. [source]

Triamcinolone-induced cataract in eyes with diabetic macular oedema: 3-year prospective data from a randomized clinical trial

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, Issue 6 2010
Mark C Gillies FRANZCO PhD
Abstract Purpose:, To describe the 3-year risk of cataract after intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA) injections for diabetic macular oedema and the outcomes of cataract surgery. Methods:, Prospective data from a randomized clinical trial were analysed. At baseline, 27 phakic eyes with diabetic macular oedema were randomized to receive IVTA and 25 to receive sham injection. After 2 years, initial sham-treated eyes were eligible to receive IVTA as the study became open label for the third year. The cumulative incidence of cataract surgery was the primary outcome of the study. Other outcomes assessed included progression of cataract, best-corrected logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution visual acuity before and after surgery and central macular thickness. Results:, Over the 3 years of the study, 15/27 (56%) phakic eyes in the IVTA treated group underwent cataract surgery as compared with 2/25 (8%) initial sham-treated eyes (P < 0.001). Mean visual acuity 6 months after cataract surgery was better than at entry into the trial. Two (15%) of the eyes in the IVTA-treated group undergoing cataract surgery had a loss of >15 letters. In the IVTA-treated group, 10/15 (67%) eyes that had three or more injections had progression of posterior subcapsular cataract by ,2 grades as compared with only 2/12 (17%) eyes that had fewer than three injections (P = 0.009). Conclusions:, Over half of the eyes receiving IVTA injections for diabetic macular oedema required cataract surgery within 3 years. In eyes with three or more IVTA injections, two-thirds had progression of posterior subcapsular cataract. Visual outcomes after cataract surgery were generally good, although a small proportion of eyes lost greater than 15 letters over the course of the study. [source]

Prevalence and associations of cataract in indigenous Australians within central Australia: the Central Australian Ocular Health Study

Safety and efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone for cystoid macular oedema in uveitis

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, Issue 1 2001
Stephanie Young FRACO
ABSTRACT Purpose: To report the safety and efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone in the treatment of inflammatory cystoid macular oedema (CMO) in six patients who were resistant to other forms of therapy. Methods: An open-label unmasked prospective non- randomized pilot study of six patients with idiopathic uveitis and visually significant macular oedema, resistant to periocular and/or systemic corticosteroid treatment, was carried out. Baseline examination and investigations were performed, including fundus fluorescein angiography, and the patients were given a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone (4 mg/0.1 mL). The primary outcome measure was angiographic resolution of CMO. Patients were reviewed at intervals of 2,4 weeks for 12 months. Results: A single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone induced clinical and angiographic resolution of inflammatory macular oedema in all patients for varying periods of time up to 6 months. Five patients experienced increased intraocular pressure to 30 mmHg or greater which required treatment. Two patients developed posterior subcapsular cataract. Conclusion: One injection of intravitreal triamcinolone was an effective short-term treatment for resistant CMO in uveitis. As with steroids given by other routes, raised intraocular pressure and cataract may occur. As it was so effective in these eyes with resistant CMO, a larger study is warranted to evaluate this form of therapy. [source]