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Posterior Displacement (posterior + displacement)
Selected AbstractsImpact of Tricuspid Regurgitation and Prior Coronary Bypass Surgery on the Geometry of the Coronary Sinus: A Rotational Coronary Angiography StudyJOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 4 2010DAN BLENDEA M.D., Ph.D. Coronary Venous Geometry in Patients Undergoing CRT.,Introduction: The coronary sinus (CS) is often distorted in patients with advanced cardiomyopathy, making CS cannulation difficult. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the underlying cardiac pathology on the variability of the CS anatomy, using rotational coronary venous angiography (RCVA). Methods and Results: Seventy-nine patients undergoing RCVA for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) were evaluated: age 63 ± 15 years, 43% with prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Aspects of the CS anatomy which could impact cannulation were examined: the CS ostial angle, the posterior displacement of the CS away from the atrioventricular groove, a measure of CS curvature, and the presence of stenoses and aneurysmal dilatations. The CS ostial angle was variable (65,151°, mean 119 ± 19°, <90° in 8 patients) and decreased significantly (P = 0.0022) with increasing severity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR), reaching 94 ± 18° in patients with severe TR. The posterior displacement of the CS was significantly more accentuated in patients with prior CABG when compared with the patients without CABG (7.1 ± 3.7 vs 4.5 ± 2.8 mm; P = 0.0246). The decrease in luminal diameter at the CS,great cardiac vein (GCV) junction was 2.0 ± 1.0 mm, being more pronounced in patients with prior CABG versus nonCABG (26 vs 20%; P = 0.042). Stenoses and aneurysmal dilatations of the CS,GCV were encountered in 4 (5%) and 6 (8%) of patients, respectively, all of them with prior CABG, representing 12% and 18% of the CABG group. Conclusion: The CS anatomy in patients undergoing CRT is variable, and is impacted by the severity of the underlying TR and history of a prior CABG. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 436,440, April 2010) [source] Measurement of varus,valgus and internal,external rotational knee laxities in vivo,Part II: relationship with anterior,posterior and general joint laxity in males and femalesJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 8 2007Sandra J. Shultz Abstract We examined sex differences in general joint laxity (GJL), and anterior,posterior displacement (ANT,POST), varus,valgus rotation (VR,VL), and internal,external rotation (INT,EXT) knee laxities, and determined whether greater ANT and GJL predicted greater VR,VL and INT,EXT. Twenty subjects were measured for GJL, and scored on a scale of 0,9. ANT and POST were measured using a standard knee arthrometer at 133 N. VR,VL and INT,EXT were measured using a custom joint laxity testing device, defined as the angular displacements (deg) of the tibia relative to the femur produced by 0,10 Nm of varus,valgus torques, and 0,5 Nm of internal,external torques, respectively. INT,EXT were measured during both non-weight-bearing (NWB) and weight-bearing (WB,=,40% body weight) conditions while VR,VL were measured NWB. All laxity measures were greater for females compared to males except for POST. ANT and GJL positively predicted 62.5% of the variance in VR,VL and 41.8% of the variance in WB INT,EXT. ANT was the sole predictor of INT,EXT in NWB, explaining 42.3% of the variance. These findings suggest that subjects who score higher on clinical measures of GJL and ANT are also likely to have greater VR,VL and INT,EXT knee laxities. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:989,996, 2007 [source] Masseter muscle thickness as a predictive variable in treatment outcome of the twin-block appliance and masseteric thickness changes during treatmentORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2010S Kiliaridis To cite this article: Kiliaridis S, Mills CM, Antonarakis GS: Masseter muscle thickness as a predictive variable in treatment outcome of the twin-block appliance and masseteric thickness changes during treatment Orthod Craniofac Res 2010;13:203,213 Structured Abstract Authors,,, Kiliaridis S, Mills CM, Antonarakis GS Objectives,,, To estimate the association of initial masseter muscle thickness with treatment outcomes using functional appliances and the effect of treatment on masseter muscle thickness. Material and Methods,,, Twenty-two children, aged 8,12, with skeletal and dental class II relationships and increased overjet were treated with twin-block appliances for 9,17 months, until a class I molar relationship and decreased overjet was achieved. Dental casts, lateral cephalograms, and ultrasonographic measurements of the masseter muscle were performed before and after treatment. Twenty-two children, aged 8,12, without immediate need for orthodontic treatment, served as controls. They were observed for 11,17 months, and ultrasonographic masseter muscle measurements were taken before and after the observation period. Results,,, Masseter muscles in treated children were thinner at the end of treatment, while untreated controls showed an increase in thickness. Treated children with thinner pre-treatment muscles showed greater mandibular incisor proclination, distalisation of maxillary molars, and posterior displacement of the cephalometric A point during treatment. Conclusion,,, Treatment of a dental class II relationship with functional appliances leads to mild atrophy of the masticatory muscles, possibly because of their decreased functional activity. The initial condition of the muscles may be associated with mandibular incisor proclination, and the position of maxillary first molars and A point. [source] The anatomy of the perineal membrane: its relationship to injury in childbirth and episiotomyAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Christopher N Hudson ABSTRACT Background Episiotomy during childbirth, intended to protect the anal sphincter, may fail to do so. Furthermore damage to the anal sphincter complex may occur without complete perineal tear. We hypothesise that these particular injuries may occur due to posterior displacement of the anus leading to distraction of the anal sphincter complex from an anterior attachment to the perineal membrane. However, the anatomical basis for this has not been well defined. Objective To investigate the relationship between the anal sphincter and the perineal membrane. Materials and methods High-resolution MRI scans of a female cadaver perineum were performed. The imaging findings were correlated with the anatomical structure identified on dissection and histological examination. Results The perineal membrane was easily identified on MR imaging. Fibres from the perineal membrane could be seen to attach to the anal sphincter complex at the apex of the perineal body. This was confirmed on histological examination and was a deeper layer than that of the decussation of the superficial transverse perineal muscle with the superficial part of the external anal sphincter. Conclusion The upper ano-rectal canal and apex of the perineal body have demonstrable attachment to the free margin of the perineal membrane postero-lateral to the lower vagina. This attachment would resist posterior displacement of the anal canal. [source] | ||||||||||