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Positive Force (positive + force)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Mathematics and Statistics33%

Selected Abstracts

Compressible Navier,Stokes system in 1-D

MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, Issue 9 2001
Piotr Bogus, aw Mucha
Abstract The compressible barotropic Navier,Stokes system in monodimensional case with a Neumann boundary condition given on a free boundary is considered. The global existence with uniformly boundedness for large initial data and a positive force is proved. The result concerning an asymptotic behavior shows that the solutions tends to the stationary solution. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Models for the development of graduate entry medical courses: two case studies

MEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 11 2004
David Prideaux
Introduction, The introduction of graduate entry medical courses requires attention to models of decision-making and change. Much of the educational literature describes change as either centralised or decentralised with the latter claimed to be more effective. Recently Fullan has argued for the importance of an ongoing culture of change. This paper examines the change culture of two medical schools adopting graduate entry courses; Flinders University in South Australia and St George's Hospital Medical School, London. Method, Comparative case study was used. Key informants were interviewed and documents and records analysed. Data were cross-checked and categorised to generate models of change. Results, There were four components of the change culture at Flinders but they were not sufficient on their own to generate change. The process was triggered by a significant external event. The nature of the change was also important. The descriptive model developed suggested a complex interplay of factors rather than attributing the success of the change to the change mechanisms adopted alone. The model was tested for explanatory potential at St George's. The culture there was described as both ,macro-innovative' and ,micro-conservative'. External events were also important but they exerted a positive force. A more centralised approach was adopted. Discussion, The models developed represent change as ,dynamic, complex and open' rather than a simple centralised or decentralised dichotomy. While some of the elements of a change culture were evident at both schools there were longer term questions of sustainability. This has implications for development of all programmes but particularly for graduate entry schools. [source]

Uncommonly good: Exploring how mass media may be a positive influence on young women's sexual health and development

NEW DIRECTIONS FOR CHILD & ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT, Issue 112 2006
L. Monique Ward
This chapter discusses several ways in which the media may serve as a positive force in young women's sexual health and development through the information and models they provide and the opportunities they offer for validation and self-expression. [source]

Environmental Tax Policy and Long-Run Economic Growth

THE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 2 2003
Tetsuo Ono
This paper focuses on two competing effects of environmental taxation on long-run economic growth. One is a negative force, which hampers production; the other is a positive force, which increases the level of environmental quality bequeathed to future generations. The analysis shows that there exists a critical level of the tax that balances one force with the other. If the tax is initially set below (or above) the critical level, then raising the tax rate is beneficial (or harmful) to economic growth. JEL Classification Numbers: D62, D91, H26, O11, O30, Q20 [source]

When the Romance is Over: Follower Perspectives of Aversive Leadership

APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
Michelle C. Bligh
While leadership is indisputably one of the most pervasive topics in our society, the vast majority of existing research has focused on leadership as a positive force. Taking a follower-centric approach to the study of leadership, we integrate research on the Romance of Leadership and the dark side of leadership by examining followers' perceptions of aversive leadership in the context of public high schools. Although Meindl, Ehrlich, and Dukerich (1985) demonstrated that the Romance of Leadership also includes the overattribution of negative outcomes to leaders, subsequent research has failed to explore the implications of this potentially darker side of romanticising leaders. Specifically, we examine perceptions of principals' aversive leadership and traditional affective, behavioral, and performance outcomes of followers in a sample of 342 dyads. Followers assessed their principals' leadership behaviors and self-rated their levels of job satisfaction, self-efficacy, and resistance, while principals assessed their followers' citizenship behaviors, complaining behaviors, and job performance. Results show that perceptions of aversive leadership are positively related to follower resistance and negatively related to followers' job satisfaction. In addition, a usefulness analysis revealed that follower-rated variables were significantly related to perceptions of aversive leadership above and beyond leader-rated variables, suggesting that the relationship between negative outcomes and aversive leadership may be more constructed than real. In sum, the tendency to romanticise leadership may also lead to a proclivity to readily misattribute or overattribute blame to leadership as a convenient scapegoat for negative outcomes. Alors que le leadership est incontestablement l'un des thèmes les plus envahissants de notre société, la grande majorité des recherches existantes a porté sur le leadership en tant que force positive. En adoptant une approche centrée sur le suiveur dans l'étude du leadership, nous rapprochons les recherches sur la Romance du Leadership de la face sombre du leadership en examinant la perception qu'ont les collaborateurs du leadership insupportable dans le contexte des lycées publics. Quoique Meindl, Ehrlich, et Dukerich (1985) aient montré que la Romance du Leadership inclut aussi la surattribution de résultats négatifs aux leaders, les recherches ultérieures ont méconnu les implications de cet aspect potentiellement plus sombre des leaders idylliques. Nous analysons en particulier sur un échantillon de 342 dyades la perception du leadership répulsif du proviseur et les résultats habituels des collaborateurs en rapport avec l'affectivité, le comportement et les performances. Les collaborateurs ont noté les comportements de leadership de leur proviseur et auto-évalué leur niveau de satisfaction au travail, d'efficience et de résistance, alors que les proviseurs appréciaient les conduites de citoyenneté et de revendication, ainsi que la performance professionnelle. Les résultats montrent que la perception du leadership répulsif est positivement reliée à la résistance du suiveur et négativementà sa satisfaction professionnelle. En outre, une analyse des plus fructueuses a révélé que les variables évaluées par les collaborateurs étaient significativement en relation avec la perception du leadership répulsif, bien plus qu'avec les variables évaluées par les leaders, ce qui indique que la relation entre les résultats médiocres et le leadership négatif serait plus construite que réelle. Au total, le penchant à l'idéalisation du leadership peut aussi bien conduire à une propension à trop facilement condamner à tort et à travers le leadership qu'à la désignation d'un bouc émissaire tout trouvé pour expliquer de mauvais résultats. [source]

Estimating herd-specific force of infection by using random-effects models for clustered binary data and monotone fractional polynomials

JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY: SERIES C (APPLIED STATISTICS), Issue 5 2006
Christel Faes
Summary., In veterinary epidemiology, we are often confronted with hierarchical or clustered data. Typically animals are grouped within herds, and consequently we cannot ignore the possibility of animals within herds being more alike than between herds. Based on a serological survey of bovine herpes virus type 1 in cattle, we describe a method for the estimation of herd-specific rates at which susceptible animals acquire the infection at different ages. In contrast with the population-averaged force of infection, this method allows us to model the herd-specific force of infection, allowing investigation of the variability between herds. A random-effects approach is used to account for the correlation in the data, allowing us to study both population-averaged and herd-specific force of infection. In contrast, generalized estimating equations can be used when interest is only in the population-averaged force of infection. Further, a flexible predictor model is needed to describe the dependence of covariates appropriately. Fractional polynomials as proposed by Royston and Altman offer such flexibility. However, the flexibility of this model should be restricted, since only positive forces of infection have a meaningful interpretation. [source]