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Portal Blood (portal + blood)
Terms modified by Portal Blood Selected AbstractsAmino Acid Absorption in Portal Blood After Duodenal Infusions of a Soy Protein Hydrolysate Prepared by a Novel Soybean Protease D3JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 7 2006Tomohiro Kodera ABSTRACT:, The intestinal absorption of amino acids from decapeptide was investigated in rats under unrestrained conditions. The soy protein hydrolysate utilized in the experiment was produced by a novel soybean protease D3. The enzymatic features of protease D3 showed high homology with cathepsin L and cathepsin K and the average molecular weight of D3 hydrolysate is approximately 1200. We compared the intestinal absorption of D3 hydrolysate in portal blood with that of an amino acids mixture and soy protein with the same amino acid composition by determining the concentration of individual amino acids after a single administration of a nitrogen source. The absorptive velocity and intensity of each amino acid were calculated from its rate of elevation in the portal blood. And in most cases, these were higher in the D3 hydrolysate than in amino acids mixture and protein. The proportion of the amount of each amino acid absorbed in portal blood from D3 hydrolysate was much more like the composition of the administrated amino acids than like that from the amino acids mixture. The result of in vitro digestion assay indicated that D3 hydrolysate was hydrolyzed easier than the hydrolysates produced by microbial proteases. This is the first report to demonstrate that the D3 hydrolysate, which contains decapeptide as a dominant fraction, was more rapidly utilized than the amino acids mixture and protein as is the case with di-, tripeptides. This suggested that this hydrolysate could be available for nutraceutical use as well as use in nutritious foods for athletes and patients. [source] Simultaneous onset of acute inflammatory response, sepsis-like symptoms and intestinal mucosal injury after cancer chemotherapyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 2 2003Eiichi Tsuji Abstract Chemotherapy is 1 method for the treatment of cancer, but serious side effects can sometimes limit the dosage given. Mild fever and diarrhea are common side effects of cancer chemotherapy. Gastrointestinal injury induced by chemotherapeutic agents may result in bacterial/endotoxin translocation from the gut into the systemic circulation. An experimental study was therefore conducted to clarify the effect of systemic chemotherapeutic agents on gastrointestinal barrier function. Male Wistar rats were divided into a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) group (100 mg/kg/day for 4 days; n = 27) and a control group (n = 5). All rats were fasted and central venous catheterization was performed for total parenteral nutrition and blood sampling. Intestinal tissue was also sampled for pathological examination. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor , (TNF,) were determined by ELISA, bacterial translocation was quantified by lymph node culture and plasma endotoxin content of portal blood was measured by the Limulus -amebocyte-lysate test. In the 5-FU group on day 4, a proportion of rats exhibited severe watery diarrhea (73.9%) and occasional vomiting (86.2%). The levels of plasma TNF, and IL-6 were seen to increase, peaking at day 6 (IL-6, 350.0 ± 67.8 pg/ml; TNF,, 26.1 ± 3.2 pg/ml). The pathological findings also changed on day 4. On day 6, 90% of the rats in the 5-FU group showed dramatic sepsis-like manifestations, whereas the control group did not. Within the 5-FU group, only at day 6 was bacterial translocation in the rat mesenteric lymph nodes or significantly elevated levels of endotoxin evident. These results suggest that bacterial/endotoxin translocation might cause sepsis-like manifestations after systemic chemotherapy. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Amino Acid Absorption in Portal Blood After Duodenal Infusions of a Soy Protein Hydrolysate Prepared by a Novel Soybean Protease D3JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 7 2006Tomohiro Kodera ABSTRACT:, The intestinal absorption of amino acids from decapeptide was investigated in rats under unrestrained conditions. The soy protein hydrolysate utilized in the experiment was produced by a novel soybean protease D3. The enzymatic features of protease D3 showed high homology with cathepsin L and cathepsin K and the average molecular weight of D3 hydrolysate is approximately 1200. We compared the intestinal absorption of D3 hydrolysate in portal blood with that of an amino acids mixture and soy protein with the same amino acid composition by determining the concentration of individual amino acids after a single administration of a nitrogen source. The absorptive velocity and intensity of each amino acid were calculated from its rate of elevation in the portal blood. And in most cases, these were higher in the D3 hydrolysate than in amino acids mixture and protein. The proportion of the amount of each amino acid absorbed in portal blood from D3 hydrolysate was much more like the composition of the administrated amino acids than like that from the amino acids mixture. The result of in vitro digestion assay indicated that D3 hydrolysate was hydrolyzed easier than the hydrolysates produced by microbial proteases. This is the first report to demonstrate that the D3 hydrolysate, which contains decapeptide as a dominant fraction, was more rapidly utilized than the amino acids mixture and protein as is the case with di-, tripeptides. This suggested that this hydrolysate could be available for nutraceutical use as well as use in nutritious foods for athletes and patients. [source] Role of endothelin in endotoxin-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction in rats fed chronically with ethanolJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 8 2001Yoshinori Horie Abstract Background: We examined the role of endothelin in endotoxin-induced hepatic microcirculatory disturbance in pair-fed rats given a liquid diet containing ethanol or isocaloric control. Methods and Results: One lobe of the liver was observed with the use of an intravital microscope. Erythrocytes (RBCs) labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were injected, and the flow velocity of the FITC-RBCs in the sinusoids was measured with an off-line velocimeter. The flow velocity decreased 30 min after 1 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered to the controls, and portal pressure (PP) was increased at 60 min. In ethanol-fed rats, however, both the flow velocity and PP increased in the early phase (at 10 min), and in the late phase, flow velocity decreased and PP increased more than in the controls. The LPS-induced decrease in flow velocity was blunted, when BQ-123, an antagonist of endothelin receptor subtype A, was infused into ethanol-fed rats, and BQ-123 also attenuated the change in PP. The plasma endothelin levels in both systemic and portal blood of the ethanol-fed rats were higher than in the controls. Conclusions: These results suggest that endothelin plays a role in the LPS-induced hepatic microcirculatory disturbance, especially in alcohol-fed animals. [source] Poster Sessions CP10: Blood,Brain BarrierJOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 2002M. A. García Kinetic analysis of vitamin C uptake has demonstrated that specialized cells take up ascorbic acid (AA), the reduced form of vitamin C, through sodium-AA cotransporters. Recently, two different isoforms of sodium-vitamin C cotransporters (SVCT 1, 2) that mediate high affinity Na+ -dependent l -ascorbic acid have been cloned. SVCT2 was detected mainly in choroid plexus cells and neurons, however, there are no evidences of SVCT2 expression in glial cells. High concentrations of vitamin C has been demonstrated in brain hypothalamic area. The hypothalamic glial cells, known as alpha and beta tanycytes, are specialized ependymal cells that bridge the cerebrospinal fluid and the portal blood of the median eminence. Our hypothesis postulates that tanycytes take up reduced vitamin C from the portal blood and cerebrospinal fluid generating an high concentration of this vitamin in brain hypothalamic area. In situ immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that SVCT2 transporter is selectively expressed in apical region of tanycytes. A newly developed primary culture of mouse hypothalamic tanycytes was used to confirm the expression and function of SVCT2 isoform in these cells. Reduced vitamin C uptake was temperature and sodium dependent. Kinetic analysis showed an apparent Km of 20 ,m and a Vmax of 45 pmol/min per million cells for the transport of ascorbic acid. The expression of SVCT2 was confirmed by immunoblots and RT,PCR. Tanycytes may perform a neuroprotective role concentrating the vitamin C in the hypothalamic area. Acknowledgements:, Supported by Grands FONDECYT 1010843 and DIUC-GIA 201.034.006-1.4 from Concepción University. [source] Long-Term Undernutrition Followed by Short-Term Refeeding Effects on the Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Containing Neurones in the Paraventricular Nucleus: An Immunohistochemical Study in SheepJOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 4 2002E. Chaillou Abstract The effect of nutritional level on the immunoreactivity of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in neurones of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus was described in sheep, a ruminant, whose feeding strategy differs from that of monogastric species. Two groups of ewes were underfed (40%), or fed at maintenance (100%) for 167 days, after which one-half of each group was killed or ad libitum refed (at least 150% of maintenance) for 4 days before killing. The presence of CRH in the paraventricular nucleus was examined by immunohistochemistry. The number of CRH immunoreactive neurones was increased in underfed ewes, but without modification of the plasma concentration of cortisol, indicating that the rise of CRH was not released in the portal blood nor linked to the pituitary-adrenal axis. Refeeding did not modify significantly the number of CRH immunoreactive neurones in the nucleus although these neurones were increased, only in refed ewes that were previously underfed. These data differ from those for rats and mice where CRH expression is decreased or not modified by underfeeding which could reflect different effects of undernutrition on CRH immunoreactive neurones in monogastric compared to ruminants species. [source] Prognostic significance of CEA levels and detection of CEA mRNA in draining venous blood in patients with colorectal cancerJOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Ioannis Kanellos MD Abstract Background and Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and incidence of tumor cells using the RT-PCR technique in draining venous blood of patients with colorectal cancer, correlate the results with various histopathologic factors and determine their significance as prognostic factors. Methods: From 1995 to 2000, 108 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, underwent curative surgery and enrolled in this prospective study. Results: The 5-year survival group had significantly lower portal CEA levels compared to the hepatic metastasis outcome group. CEA mRNA was positive in the draining venous blood from 12 (11.1%) out of 108 patients included in the study. The rate of positive tumor cell detection in portal blood was significantly higher in the hepatic metastasis outcome group than in the 5-year survival and recurrence group. The proportion of patients with portal CEA ,5 ng/ml was greater in patients with higher stage than in patients with lower stage. Conclusions: Positive CEA mRNA in draining venous blood predicted hepatic metastases and local recurrence with accuracy over 80% but with low sensitivity of 30% and 9%, respectively. Moreover, CEA level was a sensitive indicator in hepatic metastases as sensitivity was 95% and a specific indicator in predicting 5-year survival with specificity 84%. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:3,8. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Continuous infusion of prostaglandin E1 via the superior mesenteric artery can prevent hepatic injury in hepatic artery interruption through passive portal oxygenationLIVER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2000Tsutomu Sato Abstract:Aims/Background: Hepatic artery interruption (HAI) causes severe ischemic liver damage, especially following hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. In order to inhibit a decrease in oxygen delivery after HAI, continuous infusion of PGE1 via the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was administered in pigs and changes in hepatic blood flow and oxygen delivery were investigated. Furthermore, its effectiveness in the prevention of liver injury was evaluated by histology and serum enzyme levels. Methods: Animals were subjected to HAI without PGE1 infusion (control group n=6) and to continuous infusion of PGE1 (0.02 ,g/kg/min) into the SMA (PGE1 group n=6). Results and Conclusion: PGE1 infusion via the SMA not only increased the portal blood flow but also elevated the oxygen content of the portal blood. The reduction in oxygen delivery to the liver was 50% in the control group, and only 13% in the PGE1 group. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels 24 h after HAI in the control group were 3415±1283 IU/L and 9839±2959 respectively while in the PGE1 group they were 939±426 IU/L and 5510±1545 IU/L respectively. Histological examination showed massive necrosis in the control group at 72 h but only focal liver cell necrosis in the PGE1 group. Based on this finding and the fact that this treatment can be performed easily and safely, continuous infusion of PGE1 via the SMA may be a useful intervention to prevent severe liver damage after hepatic artery interruption. [source] Intravital intestinal videomicroscopy: Techniques and experiencesMICROSURGERY, Issue 4 2005Paul J. Matheson Ph.D. Intravital videomicroscopy (IVM) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a sophisticated and powerful technique to directly observe the neurologically intact microvasculature of rats in naive and pathological conditions. We combine IVM with other techniques (i.e., vascular ring tension analysis and colorimetric microsphere determination of whole organ blood flow) to develop a strategy for the systematic analysis of the regulation of GI blood flow in healthy animals and in models of systemic sepsis and resuscitated hemorrhagic shock. We also study the molecular biology of the GI tract (enzyme- or radio-linked immunosorbent assays, fluorescent Greiss assay, and immunoblots) to correlate expression and levels of vascular mediators in tissue and arterial, venous, and portal blood with functional activity of the GI microvascular tree. When combined, these techniques develop a picture of gut pathophysiology at the level of the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells, and blood cells in the microcirculation. Our work led us to the general hypothesis that altered microcirculatory function in disease states lies primarily at the level of the interface between vascular and tissue physiology, i.e., the endothelial cell. This review focuses on methods and techniques for studying microvascular function, and concludes with focused reviews of pertinent findings. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 25:247,257, 2005. [source] Metabolism, oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of chemopreventive kaempferol in ratsBIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION, Issue 7 2009Avantika Barve Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the hepatic and small intestinal metabolism, and to examine bioavailability and gastro-intestinal first-pass effects, of kaempferol in rats. Liver and small intestinal microsomes fortified with either NADPH or UDPGA were incubated with varying concentrations of kaempferol for up to 120,min. Based on the values of the kinetic constants (Km and Vmax), the propensity for UDPGA-dependent conjugation compared with NADPH-dependent oxidative metabolism was higher for both hepatic and small intestinal microsomes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered kaempferol intravenously (i.v.) (10, 25,mg/kg) or orally (100, 250,mg/kg). Gastro-intestinal first-pass effects were observed by collecting portal blood after oral administration of 100,mg/kg kaempferol. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by non-compartmental analysis using WinNonlin. After i.v. administration, the plasma concentration,time profiles for 10 and 25,mg/kg were consistent with high clearance (,3,L/hr/kg) and large volumes of distribution (8,12,L/hr/kg). The disposition was characterized by a terminal half-life value of 3,4,h. After oral administration the plasma concentration,time profiles demonstrated fairly rapid absorption (tmax,1,2,h). The area under the curve (AUC) values after i.v. and oral doses increased approximately proportional to the dose. The bioavailability (F) was poor at ,2%. Analysis of portal plasma after oral administration revealed low to moderate absorption. Taken together, the low F of kaempferol is attributed in part to extensive first-pass metabolism by glucuronidation and other metabolic pathways in the gut and in the liver. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Congenital absence of the portal vein,Case report and a review of literatureCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 7 2010Jana Mistinova Abstract Congenital absence of the portal vein (CAPV) is a rare anomaly in which the intestinal and the splenic venous drainage bypass the liver and drain into systemic veins through various venous shunts. To our knowledge, we have reviewed all 83 cases of CAPV, since first described in 1793. This equates to a rate of almost 2.5 cases per year over the last 30 years. Morgan and Superina (1994, J. Pediatr. Surg. 29:1239,1241) proposed the following classification of portosystemic anomalies; either the liver is not perfused with portal blood because of a complete shunt (Type I) or the liver is perfused with portal blood due to the presence of a partial shunt (Type II). In our case, abdominal venous blood drained into the suprarenal inferior vena cava via the left renal vein and dilated left gastric veins. After analyzing all reported cases, we recognize that more than 65% of patients are females and more than 30% of all published cases had been diagnosed by the age of 5 years. Additional anomalies are common in CAPV. In the reported cases, more then 22% of patients had congenital heart disease. Other commonly found anomalies include abnormalities of the spleen, urinary and male genital tract, brain as well as skeletal anomalies. Hepatic changes such as focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatoblastoma are diagnosed in more then 40% of patients. This article also illustrates the radiological findings of CAPV. Radiological evaluation by ultrasound, CT, and MRI is helpful to detect coexisting abnormalities. Clin. Anat. 23:750,758, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||