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Policy
Kinds of Policy Terms modified by Policy Selected AbstractsSTRATEGIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY: SOCIETAL OBJECTIVES AND THE CORPORATE WELFARE ARGUMENTCONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 1 2009RICHARD T. GRETZ The article considers the optimal research and development subsidy regime in a two-firm two-country model where each firm is "located" in a specific country. Trade is intra-industry in that customers in both countries purchase from both firms. The article suggests that when both countries subsidize their local firm usually welfare increases compared to the case of zero subsidies. Making the same comparison, profit always falls in the symmetric game and falls about half the time in the asymmetric game. These results call into question some common notions about corporate welfare. (JEL O38, H25, F23) [source] CAN AND SHOULD CRIMINOLOGY RESEARCH INFLUENCE POLICY?CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 3 2008SUGGESTIONS FOR TIME-SERIES CROSS-SECTION STUDIES First page of article [source] BUILD A CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICY FOR TERRORISMCRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 4 2007GARY LAFREE First page of article [source] PRISON GANG POLICY AND RECIDIVISM: SHORT-TERM MANAGEMENT BENEFITS, LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCESCRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 2 2007MARIE GRIFFIN First page of article [source] BOOT CAMP PRISONS AND CORRECTIONS POLICY: MOVING FROM MILITARISM TO AN ETHIC OF CARECRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 2 2006FAITH E. LUTZE First page of article [source] CRIMINOLOGY, MANDATORY MINIMUMS, AND PUBLIC POLICYCRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2006MICHAEL TONRY First page of article [source] UNDER THE BARRED UMBRELLA: IS THERE ROOM FOR A WOMEN-CENTERED SELF-INJURY POLICY IN CANADIAN CORRECTIONS?CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2006JENNIFER M. KILTY Research Summary: This article examines a chain of policy directives concerning self-injury inside federal correctional facilities in Canada. Specific attention is paid to the impact of these policies on federally sentenced women. I argue that the Correctional Service of Canada's focus on risk assessment fails to address the needs of the women they confine. Instead, women's needs are reconceptualized as institutional risk factors. Policy Implications: Women who self-injure are still routinely disciplined for their behaviour in Federal Canadian prisons through admittance to administrative segregation. This policy challenges two sections of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (s. 7 and s. 15) and must be changed. In this article, I will recommend a new women-centered approach to replace current practice. [source] SPECIAL ISSUE ON GUN POLICYCRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 4 2005CHARLES WELLFORD [source] POLICY AND INTERVENTION CONSIDERATIONS OF A NETWORK ANALYSIS OF STREET GANGS,CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 3 2005JEAN MARIE MCGLOIN Research Summary: This study details a network analysis of the street gang landscape in Newark, New Jersey. Using individual gang members as the unit of analysis and multiple layers of associations as the linkages within the networks, the results suggest that the gangs in Newark are loosely organized with pockets of cohesion. In addition, there is variation with regard to individual connectedness within the gangs, and certain gang members emerge as "cut-points" or the only connection among gang members or groups of gang members. Policy Implications: The results lend further credence to the notion that problem analysis should precede gang interventions. In particular, the findings suggest that particular groups of gang members may be amenable to the collective accountability tactic, whereas others may become more cohesive as a consequence. Indeed, an intervention focused on individuals may be more productive in Newark. The cut-points within gangs are particularly worthy of attention, both for their capacity to act as communication agents for a deterrence message and for their potential vulnerability to the pulling levers strategy. [source] EXECUTING THE INNOCENT AND SUPPORT FOR CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC POLICYCRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2005JAMES D. UNNEVER Research Summary: The issue of whether innocent people have been executed is now at the center of the debate concerning the legitimacy of capital punishment. The purpose of this research was to use data collected by the Gallup Organization in 2003 to investigate whether Americans who believed that an innocent person had been executed were less likely to support capital punishment. We also explored whether the association varied by race, given that African Americans are disproportionately affected by the death penalty. Our results indicated that three-quarters of Americans believed that an innocent person had been executed for a crime they did not commit within the last five years and that this belief was associated with lower levels of support for capital punishment, especially among those who thought this sanction was applied unfairly. In addition, our analyses revealed that believing an innocent person had been executed had a stronger association with altering African American than white support for the death penalty. Policy Implications: A key claim of death penalty advocates is that a high proportion of the public supports capital punishment. In this context, scholars opposing this sanction have understood the importance of showing that the public's support for executing offenders is contingent and shallower than portrayed by typical opinion polls. The current research joins this effort by arguing that the prospect of executing innocents potentially impacts public support for the death penalty and, in the least, creates ideological space for a reconsideration of the legitimacy of capital punishment. [source] INJUSTICE AND IRRATIONALITY IN CONTEMPORARY YOUTH POLICYCRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 4 2004DONNA M. BISHOP Lionel Tate was 12 years old when he killed 6-year-old Tiffany Eunick. Tiffany had been staying at the Tate home and, by all accounts, got along well with Lionel. The two were playing at "wrestling" when Lionel decided to try out some moves that he had seen on television. He threw Tiffany across the room, inflicting fatal injuries. Despite the boy's tender age, the prosecutor transferred Lionel to criminal court on a charge of first-degree murder, an offense carrying a mandatory penalty of life without parole. The boy was given an opportunity to plead guilty to second-degree murder in return for a sentence of three years incarceration, but he rejected the offer. A jury subsequently convicted him of first-degree murder. At sentencing, the prosecution recommended leniency, which drew an angry response from the judge: If the state believed the boy did not deserve to be sent to prison for life, why hadn't it charged him with a lesser offense? Without any inquiry into the boy's cognitive, emotional, or moral maturity, the judge imposed the mandatory sentence.1 Raymond Gardner was 16 years old when he shot and killed 20-year-old Mack Robinson.2 Raymond lived in a violent urban neighborhood with his mother, who kept close watch over him. He had no prior record. He was an A student and worked part-time in a clothing store to earn money for college. On the day of the shooting, a friend came into the store to tell Raymond that Mack had a beef with him about talking to a girl, and was "looking to get him." The victim was known on the street as "Mack the Knife" because he always carried a small machete and was believed to have stabbed several people. To protect himself on the way home, Raymond took the gun kept under the counter of the shop where he worked. As he neared home, Mack and two other men approached and blocked his path. According to eyewitness testimony, Raymond began shaking, then pulled out the gun and fired. Mack ran into the street and fell. Raymond followed and fired five more shots into the victim's back as he lay dying on the ground. Raymond did not run. He just stood there crying. The prosecutor filed a motion in juvenile court to transfer Raymond on a charge of first-degree murder. The judge ordered a psychological evaluation, which addressed the boy's family and social background, medical and behavioral history, intelligence, maturity, potential for future violence and prospects for treatment. The judge subsequently denied the transfer motion. He found Raymond delinquent and committed him to a private psychiatric treatment facility.3 [source] FAITH, PUBLIC POLICY, AND THE LIMITS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE,CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 2 2003PAUL KNEPPER Recent interest on the part of criminologists in the "faith factor" has made possible a contemporary argument for faith-based interventions in crime prevention: if faith "works," then government should support faith-based initiatives because in doing so, government is not endorsing religion, but science. Drawing on the ideas of Karl Popper, Michael Polanyi, and others, this essay reviews this argument within the framework of the philosophy of social science. The discussion reviews such concepts of falsification, structural causality, objectivity, and evidence-based policy making to affirm the place of both faith and science in public life. [source] THE LIMITS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE IN GUIDING POLICYCRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2002MARK H. MOORE First page of article [source] LAWS, RULES, AND POLICE POLICYCRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2002JAMES O. FINCKENAUER First page of article [source] TOWARDS A SELF-CHANGE-FRIENDLY TREATMENT AND POLICY FOR ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURSADDICTION, Issue 9 2010WEI HAO No abstract is available for this article. [source] RESPONSE TO COMMENTARIES: MOVING TOWARDS AN EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY AROUND CANNABIS USEADDICTION, Issue 8 2010JOHN MACLEOD No abstract is available for this article. [source] SCIENCE AND NON-SCIENCE IN UK DRUG POLICYADDICTION, Issue 7 2010DAVID NUTT No abstract is available for this article. [source] THE NEED FOR JOINED-UP DEBT MANAGEMENT POLICYECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2010Tim Congdon No abstract is available for this article. [source] THE PRIVATE FINANCING OF NHS HOSPITALS: POLITICS, POLICY AND PRACTICEECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2009Mark Hellowell This article outlines and critiques the main fiscal and economic rationales for the Private Finance Initiative and examines the impact of the policy on the long-term financial viability of NHS trusts. It concludes that the PFI funding of capital investment is highly problematic. Its high costs can have a negative impact on the finances of health systems. [source] ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISCAL POLICY AS AN INSTRUMENT OF MACROECONOMIC POLICYECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2009Philip Arestis This paper demonstrates that fiscal policy is an effective and essential instrument of stabilisation macroeconomic policy. This is particularly so if it is co-ordinated with monetary policy, especially in the current worldwide economic situation. [source] REALITIES OF HEALTH POLICY IN NORTH AMERICA: GOVERNMENT IS THE PROBLEM, NOT THE SOLUTIONECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2008Brett J. Skinner Healthcare systems in North America are sometimes criticised as being expensive or socially irresponsible relative to comparable systems in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries or regions. These perceived health system failures are often mistakenly attributed to greater private sector involvement in the delivery of medical care or the provision of medical insurance in Canada and the USA. However, the exact nature and scope of state involvement in the healthcare sector in Canada and the USA is also often misunderstood and underestimated. This paper presents a fact-based context for evaluating health policy in North America. [source] CHALLENGES FOR FINANCIAL STABILITY POLICY,ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2004Alastair Clark Financial stability issues have attracted increasing attention as the global financial system has become more complex and more integrated. This article discusses some challenges posed by this environment for financial stability policy-makers. The challenges identified are: how to assess the relative merits of different policy measures and calibrate their effects; how to design regulatory capital requirements that are not too prescriptive or detailed; how incentive structures for individuals within firms can be better aligned with a firm's objectives for both return and risk; how,the authorities' should relate to large, complex financial institutions; and how to improve the handling of sovereign debt crises. The article gives a flavour of the official debate in each of these areas. [source] WHO DRINKS HOW MUCH LESS WITH WHICH PRICE POLICY?ADDICTION, Issue 3 2010A RICH FEAST FOR POLICY DISCUSSION No abstract is available for this article. [source] THE OPTIMAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE FINANCING POLICY: DOES THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MATTER?ECONOMIC INQUIRY, Issue 3 2007NILOY BOSE This paper explores how the optimal mode of public finance depends on the level of economic development. The theoretical analysis suggests that in the presence of capital market imperfection and liquidity shocks, the detrimental effect of inflation on growth is stronger (weaker) at lower (higher) levels of economic development. Consequently, income taxation (seigniorage) is a relatively less distortionary way of financing public expenditure for low-income (high-income) countries. We provide empirical support for our model's predictions using a panel of 21 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries and 40 developing countries observed over the period 1972,1999. (JEL E44, E6, H6, O42) [source] FISCAL POLICY, EXPECTATION TRAPS, AND CHILD LABORECONOMIC INQUIRY, Issue 3 2007PATRICK M. EMERSON This paper develops a dynamic model with overlapping generations where there are two possible equilibria: one without child labor, and one with it. It is shown that intergenerational transfers can eliminate the child labor equilibrium and that this intervention is Pareto improving. However, if society does not believe that the government will implement the transfer program, it won't, reinforcing society's expectations. This is true even if the transfer program would have been implemented in the absence of uncertainty. Thus a government may be powerless to prevent the child labor equilibrium if it does not command the confidence of their populace, leaving the country in an expectations trap. (JEL D91, E60, J20, O20) [source] ARGUING OVER [THE] REMOTE CONTROL: WHY INDIGENOUS POLICY NEEDS TO BE BASED ON EVIDENCE AND NOT HYPERBOLEECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue 1 2007BOYD H. HUNTER Recent public debate on Indigenous issues has been provoked, inter alia, by a 2005 Centre for Independent Studies paper by Helen Hughes and Jenness Warin, who focused on the extent to which policies have been effective in improving the living conditions of Indigenous Australians since the era of self-determination commenced. Unfortunately, the quality of historical data is questionable, and hence we need an appreciation of the reliability of estimates. The 2002 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey allows a detailed interrogation of the reliability of estimates. This paper critically analyses socioeconomic changes between 1994 and 2002 for remote and other areas by comparing the recent data with analogous data collected in 1994. Changes in health status and a range of socio-economic indicators are documented to provide a more balanced assessment of the level of economic and social development in the respective areas. [source] CORE ISSUES IN IMMIGRATION ECONOMICS AND POLICYECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue 1 2003GLENN WITHERS First page of article [source] IMMIGRATION POLICY AND THE AUSTRALIAN LABOUR MARKETECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue 1 2003BOB BIRRELL First page of article [source] CHINA'S RECENT MACROECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS AND POLICYECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue 2 2000CHARLES HARVIE First page of article [source] JUST THE FACTS: TRADE AGREEMENTS DO NOT UNDERMINE ALCOHOL POLICYADDICTION, Issue 1 2010PETER H. CRESSY First page of article [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||