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Polysomnographic Recordings (polysomnographic + recording)
Selected AbstractsCharacterization of sleep,wake patterns in a novel transgenic mouse line overexpressing human prepro-orexin/hypocretinACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 3 2010K. A. Mäkelä Abstract Aim:, Orexin/hypocretin peptides are expressed in the lateral hypothalamus and involved in the regulation of autonomic functions, energy homeostasis and arousal states. The sleep disorder narcolepsy, which is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and occurrence of sudden rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, is associated with a loss of orexin neurones. Our study investigated the effects of orexins on sleep,wake patterns in a novel transgenic mouse line overexpressing the human prepro-orexin (hPPO) gene under the control of its endogenous promoter. Methods:, Orexin overexpression was investigated by PCR, Southern and Western blotting as well as immunohistochemistry. Polysomnographic recordings were performed for analyses of sleep,wake patterns and for electroencephalographic activity during 24 h baseline and during and after 6 h of sleep deprivation (SD). Results:, Transgenic hPPO mice had increased expression of human prepro-orexin (hPPO) and orexin-A in the hypothalamus. Transgene expression decreased endogenous orexin-2 receptors but not orexin-1 receptors in the hypothalamus without affecting orexin receptor levels in the basal forebrain, cortex or hippocampus. Transgenic mice compared with their wild type littermates showed small but significant differences in the amount of waking and slow wave sleep, particularly during the light,dark transition periods, in addition to a slight reduction in REM sleep during baseline and during recovery sleep after SD. Conclusion:, The hPPO-overexpressing mice show a small reduction in REM sleep, in addition to differences in vigilance state amounts in the light/dark transition periods, but overall the sleep,wake patterns of hPPO-overexpressing mice do not significantly differ from their wild type littermates. [source] Consecutive monitoring of sleep disturbance for four nights at the top of Mt Fuji (3776 m)PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 2 2005KOH MIZUNO phd Abstract, The purpose of the present study was to conduct consecutive monitoring of sleep from the second to the fifth night at altitude. Three healthy male subjects climbed the top of Mt Fuji (3776 m) and stayed there for 6 days. Polysomnographic recordings were performed during this period and control recordings were made at sea level 1 month after the mountaineering. Disturbed sleep characterized by an increased number of arousals and/or long wake time was observed to persist through the fifth night in all subjects. These results suggest that sleep disturbance might persist during initial days at altitude despite cumulating sleep pressure due to poor night's sleep. [source] Short-term effects of a mandibular advancement device on obstructive sleep apnoea: an open-label pilot trialJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 8 2005G. AARAB summary, Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder, which is, among others, associated with snoring. OSA has a considerable impact on a patient's general health and daily life. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is frequently used as a ,gold standard' treatment for OSA. As an alternative, especially for mild/moderate cases, mandibular advancement devices (MADs) are prescribed increasingly. Their efficacy and effectiveness seem to be acceptable. Although some randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have been published recently, most studies so far are case studies. Therefore, our department is planning a controlled RCT, in which MADs are compared with both nCPAP and a control condition in a parallel design. As a first step, an adjustable MAD was developed with a small, more or less constant vertical dimension at different mandibular positions. To test the device and the experimental procedures, a pilot trial was performed with 10 OSA patients (six mild, four moderate; one women, nine men; mean age = 47·9 ± 9·7 years). They all underwent a polysomnographic recording before as well as 2,14 weeks after insertion of the MAD (adjusted at 50% of the maximal protrusion). The apnoea,hypopnoea index (AHI) was significantly reduced with the MAD in situ (P = 0·017). When analysed as separate groups, the moderate cases showed a significantly larger decrease in AHI than the mild cases (P = 0·012). It was therefore concluded from this pilot study that this MAD might be an effective tool in the treatment of, especially, moderate OSA. [source] Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy Induces Changes in Heart Rate of Children during SleepEPILEPSIA, Issue 5 2007Boubker Zaaimi Summary:,Purpose: This study analyzed changes in the heart rates of children receiving vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy for pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Methods: Changes in the heart rates of ten children receiving VNS therapy for pharmacoresistant epilepsy were evaluated with polysomnographic recordings, including electrocardiogram (ECG), EEG, thoraco-abdominal distension, nasal airflow, and VNS artifacts. Measurements during stimulation were compared with those at baseline for each patient. Result: While the VNS therapy pulse generator was delivering stimulation, the heart rates of four children increased significantly (p < 0.01), decreased for one child, and increased at the end of the stimulation for one child. The heart rates of four children did not change. Changes in heart rate varied during VNS, within stimulation cycles for individual children and from one child to another. Changes in heart rate differed between rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep states. Respiratory changes (increases in frequency and decreases in amplitude) were concomitant with the changes in heart rate. Conclusion: In this case series of children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, cardiorespiratory variations occurred while the VNS therapy pulse generator was delivering stimulation. Understanding these variations may allow further optimization of VNS parameters. [source] Effects of Vigabatrin on Sleep,Wakefulness Cycle in Amygdala-Kindled RatsEPILEPSIA, Issue 2 2000Y. H. Raol Summary: Purpose: Our aim was to study the effect of prolonged administration of vigabatrin (VGB) on sleep-wakefulness cycle in kindled seizure-induced rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were implanted stereotaxically with electrodes for kindling and polysomnography. The rats were divided into two groups, kindled and VGB-treated kindled rats. VGB was administered intraperitonially every day for 21 days, and polysomnographic recordings were taken after doses 1, 7, 14, and 21. The drug effects were evaluated by comparing the records of kindled and drug-treated kindled rats. Results: The VGB-administered kindled rats showed an increase in total sleep time (TST) due to an increase in total non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and light slow-wave sleep stage I (SI) with a decrease in wakefulness. The number of episodes and REM onset latencies were found to be decreased after drug treatment. Conclusions: It can therefore be concluded that VGB has a somnolence-inducing effect and that it might mediate its anti-convulsant effect by altering sleep architecture through sleep-regulating areas. [source] Restless legs syndrome: Evidence for nocturnal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system activation,MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 8 2010Claudia Schilling MD Abstract Epidemiological studies consistently point to a relationship between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and cardiovascular disease. The mechanism underlying this association is unclear. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system has been shown to contribute to the metabolic syndrome and an enhanced cardiovascular risk. We investigated cortisol levels as an indicator of HPA system activity in RLS during the nighttime, when RLS symptoms are at their maximum. We assessed nocturnal urinary cortisol excretion in 73 patients with RLS and 34 healthy controls, controlling for age and gender. Urine sampling was paralleled by polysomnographic recordings. We found significantly enhanced nocturnal cortisol excretion in RLS, demonstrating nocturnal HPA system overactivity in RLS. HPA system overactivity is a possible mechanism contributing to the enhanced load of cardiovascular disease in RLS patients. Nocturnal cortisol release showed weak correlations with some polysomnographic parameters of disturbed sleep, making a potential contribution of RLS-induced sleep disruption to HPA system activation conceivable. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society [source] Cerebral oximetry improves detection of sickle cell patients at risk for nocturnal cerebral hypoxia,PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 11 2006Ashok B. Raj MD Abstract We previously used cerebral oximetry to identify low cerebral venous oxygen saturation in waking children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Because arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation is common during sleep in SCD patients, this study compared both waking and sleeping systemic arterial and cerebral venous oxygenation dynamics in children with and without SCD. Seventeen African-American (AA) children with homozygous SCD [8 (4,15) years; 29% male; normal transcranial Doppler velocities] were compared with a control cohort (CON) comprised of six healthy AA children [9 (4,16) years, 33% male]. Standard all-night polysomnographic recordings were performed, including measurement of arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2). Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) was measured non-invasively with cerebral oximetry. Intra-cohort comparisons examined the influence of sleep on SpO2 and rSO2 in the subjects. Inter-cohort comparisons of SpO2, rSO2, and the rSO2/SpO2 ratio assessed the impact of SCD on systemic and cerebral oxygenation during wakefulness and sleep. Cohort differences in SpO2 were not statistically significant in either wakefulness or sleep. However, only in the SCD cohort was the magnitude of SpO2 change statistically significant (P,=,0.002). In contrast, both waking and sleep rSO2 cohort median values did differ significantly [awake: CON 76 (67,86) vs. SCD 62 (58,71), P,=,0.01; sleep: CON 65 (60,77) vs. SCD 55 (48,61), P,=,0.01)]. The waking rSO2/SpO2 ratio was also significantly lower in the SCD group [CON 0.78 (0.68,0.88) vs. SCD of 0.66 (0.61,0.72); P,=,0.015]. During sleep, the ratio was also significantly lower in the SCD group [CON 0.71 (0.66,0.81) vs. SCD 0.59 (0.52,0.65); P,=,0.011]. Our findings suggest that SCD patients may be at increased risk of cerebral hypoxia during both wakefulness and sleep. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:1088,1094. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus-related apnoea in three infantsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 6 2004M Rayyan Apnoea is a common sign in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in young infants and can be the first presentation of an acquired RSV infection. We describe polysomnographic recordings of three infants revealing prolonged RSV-related apnoea before RSV infection was diagnosed. The apnoeas were of central origin. The caregivers had not noted any apparent life-threatening events (ALTE) prior to the polysomnography. Cardiorespiratory monitoring after the acute infection did not reveal any further apnoeas. Conclusion: Central, prolonged apnoea can be the first sign of an acquired RSV infection in young infants in the absence of other respiratory symptoms and without any previous observation of apnoea by the caregivers. [source] | ||||||||||