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Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes (polymer + light-emitt_diode)
Selected AbstractsEfficient Polymer Light-Emitting Diode Using Air-Stable Metal Oxides as Electrodes,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 1 2009Henk J. Bolink Poly(phenylenevinylene)-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are fabricated using air-stable metal oxides as electrodes, producing very efficient and bright electroluminescent devices. Efficiencies of 8,cd,A,1 and luminances above 20000,cd,m,2 are obtained, comparable to the values reported for classic OLED structures using reactive metals as cathodes. [source] Variations in Hole Injection due to Fast and Slow Interfacial Traps in Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes with InterlayersADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 1 2010M. James Harding Abstract Detailed studies on the effect of placing a thin (10,nm) solution-processable interlayer between a light-emitting polymer (LEP) layer and a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonic)-acid-coated indium tin oxide anode is reported; particular attention is directed at the effects on the hole injection into three different LEPs. All three different interlayer polymers have low ionization potentials, which are similar to those of the LEPs, so the observed changes in hole injection are not due to variations in injection barrier height. It is instead shown that changes are due to variations in hole trapping at the injecting interface, which is responsible for varying the hole current by up to two orders of magnitude. Transient measurements show the presence of very fast interfacial traps, which fill the moment charge is injected from the anode. These can be considered as injection pathway dead-ends, effectively reducing the active contact surface area. This is followed by slower interfacial traps, which fill on timescales longer than the carrier transit time across the device, further reducing the total current. The interlayers may increase or decrease the trap densities depending on the particular LEP involved, indicating the dominant role of interfacial chain morphology in injection. Penetration of the interlayer into the LEP layer can also occur, resulting in additional changes in the bulk LEP transport properties. [source] Electron-Rich Alcohol-Soluble Neutral Conjugated Polymers as Highly Efficient Electron-Injecting Materials for Polymer Light-Emitting DiodesADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 15 2009Fei Huang Abstract We report the design and synthesis of three alcohol-soluble neutral conjugated polymers, poly[9,9-bis(2-(2-(2-diethanolaminoethoxy) ethoxy)ethyl)fluorene] (PF-OH), poly[9,9-bis(2-(2-(2-diethanol-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)fluorene- alt -4,4,-phenylether] (PFPE-OH) and poly[9,9-bis(2-(2-(2-diethanolaminoethoxy) ethoxy)ethyl)fluorene- alt -benzothiadizole] (PFBT-OH) with different conjugation length and electron affinity as highly efficient electron injecting and transporting materials for polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). The unique solubility of these polymers in polar solvents renders them as good candidates for multilayer solution processed PLEDs. Both the fluorescent and phosphorescent PLEDs based on these polymers as electron injecting/transporting layer (ETL) were fabricated. It is interesting to find that electron-deficient polymer (PFBT-OH) shows very poor electron-injecting ability compared to polymers with electron-rich main chain (PF-OH and PFPE-OH). This phenomenon is quite different from that obtained from conventional electron-injecting materials. Moreover, when these polymers were used in the phosphorescent PLEDs, the performance of the devices is highly dependent on the processing conditions of these polymers. The devices with ETL processed from water/methanol mixed solvent showed much better device performance than the devices processed with methanol as solvent. It was found that the erosion of the phosphorescent emission layer could be greatly suppressed by using water/methanol mixed solvent for processing the polymer ETL. The electronic properties of the ETL could also be influenced by the processing conditions. This offers a new avenue to improve the performance of phosphorescent PLEDs through manipulating the processing conditions of these conjugated polymer ETLs. [source] Designing a Stable Cathode with Multiple Layers to Improve the Operational Lifetime of Polymer Light-Emitting DiodesADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 12 2009Tae-Woo Lee Abstract The short device lifetime of blue polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) is still a bottleneck for commercialization of self-emissive full-color displays. Since the cathode in the device has a dominant influence on the device lifetime, a systematic design of the cathode structure is necessary. The operational lifetime of blue PLEDs can be greatly improved by introducing a three-layer (BaF2/Ca/Al) cathode compared with conventional two-layer cathodes (BaF2/Al and Ba/Al). Therefore, the roles of the BaF2 and Ca layers in terms of electron injection, luminous efficiency, and device lifetime are here investigated. For efficient electron injection, the BaF2 layer should be deposited to the thickness of at least one monolayer (,3,nm). However, it is found that the device lifetime does not show a strong relation with the electron injection or luminous efficiency. In order to prolong the device lifetime, sufficient reaction between BaF2 and the overlying Ca layer should take place during the deposition where the thickness of each layer is around that of a monolayer. [source] Rational Design of Chelating Phosphine Functionalized Os(II) Emitters and Fabrication of Orange Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes Using Solution Process,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 2 2008M. Cheng Abstract A new series of charge neutral Os(II) pyridyl azolate complexes with either bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) or cis -1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene (dppee) chelates were synthesized, and their structural, electrochemical, photophysical properties and thermodynamic relationship were established. For the dppm derivatives 3a and 4a, the pyridyl azolate chromophores adopt an eclipse orientation with both azolate segments aligned trans to each other, and with the pyridyl groups resided the sites that are opposite to the phosphorus atoms. In sharp contrast, the reactions with dppee ligand gave rise to the formation of two structural isomers for all three kind of azole chromophores, with both azolate or neutral heterocycles (i.e., pyridyl or isoquinolinyl fragments) located at the mutual trans -disposition around the Os metal (denoted as series of a and b complexes). These chelating phosphines Os(II) complexes show remarkably high thermal stability, among which and several exhibit nearly unitary phosphorescence yield in deaerated solution at RT. A polymer light-emitting device (PLED) prepared using 0.4 mol % of 5a as dopant in a blend of poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and 30 wt % of 2- tert -butylphenyl-5-biphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD) exhibits yellow emission with brightness of 7208 cd m,2, an external quantum efficiency of 10.4 % and luminous efficiency of 36.1 cd A,1 at current density of 20 mA cm,2. Upon changing to 1.6 mol % of 6a, the result showed even better brightness of 9212 cd m,2, external quantum efficiency of 12.5 % and luminous efficiency of 46.1 cd A,1 at 20 mA cm,2, while the max. external quantum efficiency of both devices reaches as high as 11.7 % and 13.3 %, respectively. The high PL quantum efficiency, non-ionic nature, and short radiative lifetime are believed to be the determining factors for this unprecedented achievement. [source] Electron-Enhanced Hole Injection in Blue Polyfluorene-Based Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 7 2004T. van, Woudenbergh Abstract It has recently been reported that, after electrical conditioning, an ohmic hole contact is formed in poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO)-based polymer light-emitting diodes (PLED), despite the large hole-injection barrier obtained with a poly(styrene sulfonic acid)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS) anode. We demonstrate that the initial current at low voltages in a PEDOT:PSS/PFO-based PLED is electron dominated. The voltage at which the hole injection is enhanced strongly depends on the electron-transport properties of the device, which can be modified by the replacement of reactive end groups by monomers in the synthesis. Our measurements reveal that the switching voltage of the PLED is governed by the electron concentration at the PEDOT:PSS/PFO contact. The switching effect in PFO is only observed for a PEDOT:PSS hole contact and not for other anodes such as indium tin oxide or Ag. [source] Design of Hole Blocking Layer with Electron Transport Channels for High Performance Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 10 2008Chung-Chin Hsiao A novel dual-functional composite layer composed of a high ionization potential nonconjugated polymer or conjugated molecular material and an inorganic salt of a low work function metal is demonstrated. The composite provides superior hole blocking along with promising electron transport capability and results in good device performance for two model electroluminescent polymers, PFO and MEH-PPV. [source] Cover Picture: Multilayer Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes: White-Light Emission with High Efficiency (Adv. Mater.ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 17 200517/2005) Abstract White-light-emitting polymer diodes can be fabricated by solution processing using a blend of luminescent semiconducting polymers and organometallic complexes as the emission layer, and water-soluble (or ethanol-soluble) polymers and/or small molecules as the hole-injection/transport layer (HIL/HTL) and the electron injection/transport layer (EIL/ETL), as reported on p.,2053 by Gong, Bazan, Heeger and co-workers. Illumination-quality light is obtained from these multilayer, high-performance devices, with stable CIE coordinates, color temperatures, and high color-rendering indices all close to those of "pure" white light. The cover illustration envisages the incorporation of the fabrication technique with low-cost manufacturing technology in order to produce large areas of high-quality white light. [source] Cross-Linked Conjugated Polymers for Achieving Patterned Three-Color and Blue Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes with Multi-Layer StructuresMACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS, Issue 18 2009Xianyu Deng Abstract Reactions between the ethylene groups in the backbone of conjugated polymers under UV illumination and heat treatment result in the cross-linking of the main polymer chains. The cross-linking leads to two simultaneous results in the polymer: excellent solvent resistance and increased bandgap. Using this reaction, three-color polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) with a multi-layer structure can be easily realized by a dry photo-pattern in an active-gas-free environment. Multi-layer blue devices with dramatically enhanced efficiency can also be achieved conveniently. [source] | ||||||||||