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Polymer Complexes (polymer + complex)
Selected AbstractsPolymer Complexes: supramolecular assemblies and structures of poly[N -(2,-pyridyl)propenamide] complexesAPPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2004A. T. A. Mubarak Abstract A number of new polymer complexes of palladium(II), platinum(II) and copper(II) containing homopolymer (N -(2,-pyridyl)propenamide; APH) and various anions (Cl,, Br,, I, or NO3,) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility, electron paramagnetic resonance, IR and reflectance spectral measurements. The homopolymer shows three types of coordination behavior. In the mononuclear polymer complexes 1,6 and 9 it acts as a neutral bidentate ligand chelated through the pyridine-nitrogen and amide-oxygen atoms, whereas in the square-planar [Pd(APH)2X2] (X = Cl, Br) unidentate APH is coordinated through the pyridine-nitrogen atom alone. Under alkaline conditions APH is deprotonated in the presence of palladium(II) to form [Pd(AP)2] (10), AP being an anionic bidentate ligand and chelating through the pyridine-nitrogen and amide-oxygen atoms. The poly-chelates are of 1:1 and 1:3 (metal:homopolymer) stoichiometry and exhibit six-coordination. The polymer complexes of stoichiometric [(APH)2CuX2] contain square planar (APH)2 Cu2+ units and the anions X, are in the axial positions, giving distorted octahedral configurations. From the electron paramagnetic resonance and spectral data, the orbital reduction factors were calculated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Synthesis of Optically Active Polymer with P-Stereogenic Phosphine UnitsMACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS, Issue 19 2010Yasuhiro Morisaki Abstract Optically active polymer containing P-stereogenic bisphosphine as a repeating unit in the main was successfully synthesized. A coordinated borane on the phosphorus atom could be completely removed by an organic base under mild condition, and the successive reaction with Pd afforded the corresponding polymer complex. The chirality of P-stereogenic centers was transferred to the m-phenylene-ethynylene linkers by complexation because of the prohibition of the rotary motion of the bisphosphine-Pd unit. [source] Biocatalytic hydrogels by template polymerizationPOLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 5 2008H. El-Sherif Abstract Novel ionizable hydrogels were prepared from poly(acrylic acid) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate monomer employing template polymerization technique as an alternative to traditional physical and chemical crosslinking. The mode of interaction, as proved by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), was multiple H-bonding between the tertiary amino group of the monomer and the carboxylic groups of the polymer. The hydrogels represented suitable matrices for enzyme immobilization. The effect of varying the polymer,monomer molar ratio on the swelling kinetics and parameters was investigated. The dynamic swelling isotherm exhibited a Fickian mode of penetrant sorption and a plateau that increases with the amino group content. A polymer complex of molar ratio (polymer:monomer) 0.5:0.8 had a weight swelling ratio of 10 and 7 at pHs 3 and 8, respectively. The proven pH sensitivity together with the amphoteric character of these hydrogels make them good candidates for another bioapplication such as oral delivery systems of therapeutic peptides and proteins. The structural integrity of the hydrogels was proved by their swelling reversibility. , -Galactosidase, as an acidic model enzyme, was immobilized covalently on the synthesized hydrogels. The maximum enzyme velocity (Vmax) was enhanced to 19,µmol/min/mg, for polycomplex of molar ratio 0.5:0.8, compared with 3.2,µmol/min/mg for the free enzyme. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A novel O,Zn bridging polymer complex of 2,6-bis[bis(carboxylatomethyl)aminomethyl]-4-methylphenolateACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 1 2008Yuan-Yuan Zhang A new one-dimensional coordination polymer, catena -poly[[acetatohexaaqua{,4 -2,6-bis[bis(carboxylatomethyl)aminomethyl]-4-methylphenolato}trizinc(II)] octahydrate], [Zn3(C17H17N2O9)(C2H3O2)(H2O)6]·8H2O, is a trinuclear complex consisting of three zinc centers joined by a phenolate bridge and Zn(H2O)4 units. In each complex polymer unit, the three Zn atoms have different coordination modes. Of the two phenolate-bridged Zn ions, one adopts a distorted octahedral coordination composed of two carboxylate ligands, one tertiary N atom, two water molecules and the bridging phenolate ligand, while the other adopts a pyramidal geometry composed of two carboxylate ligands, one tertiary N atom from another coordination arm, one acetate anion as the counter-anion and the bridging phenolate ligand. The third type of Zn centre is represented by two independent Zn atoms lying on inversion centres. They both have an octahedral coordination consisting of four O atoms from four water molecules and two acetate carbonyl O atoms from the ligand. The latter Zn atoms join the above-mentioned binuclear complex units through O atoms of the carboxylate groups into an infinite chain. Neighboring aromatic rings are distributed above and below the chain in an alternating manner. Between the coordination chains, the Zn...Zn separations are 5.750,(4) and 6.806,(4),Å. The whole structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds formed mainly by solvent water molecules. [source] Self-assembly of drug,polymer complexes: A spontaneous nanoencapsulation process monitored by atomic force microscopy,JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2003Mireia Oliva Abstract Since hydrophilic matrices were proposed for controlled drug delivery, many polymeric excipients have been studied to make drug release fit the desired profiles. It has been pointed out that ,-carrageenan, a sulfated polymer from algae, can suitably control the release rate of basic drugs from hydrophilic matrices. Furthermore, the relevance of hydrophobic interactions in drug,polymer aqueous systems has already been demonstrated, although no references to morphological features as well as to the kinetics of the interaction complexes formation have been published to date. In this work, we propose a method to monitor the topographical evolution of the interaction between ,-carrageenan and dexchlorpheniramine maleate, in order to determine how the release profiles can be so easily controlled. For this purpose, solutions of both polymer and drug were prepared at very low concentration. Solutions were mixed and small volumes were taken every hour for over a period of 24 h and subsequently analyzed. The characterization technique used, atomic force microscopy, provides a high resolution, allowing plotting of three-dimensional images of the sample morphology within the nanometric scale. The results demonstrate that ,-carrageenan is able to nanoencapsulate spontaneously dexchlorpheniramine maleate molecules, which offers the possibility of controlling the release rate of the drug with no need of complex technological processes. Moreover, this work demonstrates the suitability of atomic force microscopy for the specific case of the on-time monitoring of interaction processes that occur in pharmaceutical systems. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 92:77,83, 2003 [source] Synthesis and magnetic properties of poly(p-phthaloyl-disacetylaceton-ethylenediimine) metal complexes,POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 1 2002Yun-Pu Wang Abstract Macrocyclic Schiff-base ligand, bisacetylaceton-ethylenediimine (BAE) and its transition metal complexes M(BAE) (M,=,Cu2+, Ni2+) were synthesized. The complexes having characteristics of aromatic systems and well-defined one-dimensional structures, reacted with p-phthaloyl chloride, to obtain polymer complexes. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), FT-IR, and thermal analysis and show good thermal stability. ESR spectra analysis discovered that there are free radicals in the chain of polymers, indicating that a weak magnetic spin-exchange interaction operates between the metal ions and free radicals. It is found that, as the bridging p -phthaloyl group is able to propagate the magnetic exchange interaction, the polymer complexes show paramagnetic properties by measurement of temperature dependence of the magnetic property, and obey Curie,Weiss law. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Zinc improves gene transfer mediated by DNA/cationic polymer complexesTHE JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, Issue 5 2002Chantal Pichon Abstract Background The weak efficiency of plasmid transfer into the cytosol remains one of the major limiting factors to achieve an efficient transfection with DNA/cationic polymer complexes. We found that divalent metal Zn2+ can improve the polyfection efficiency, especially with DNA/histidylated polylysine (His-pLK) complexes. Methods and results The supplementation of the transfection medium with 250 µM ZnCl2 increased the polyfection of human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells with a plasmid encoding EGFP complexed with pLK, polyethyleneimine and His-pLK. Zn2+ is more efficient on DNA/His-pLK complexes: the number of EGFP-positive cells increased from 1% to more than 40%. This phenomenon is selective to Zn2+ because no effect was obtained with other divalent cations. The effect of zinc varies from cell to cell. The binding of Zn2+ to histidyl residues might increase zinc endosomal concentration favoring membrane fusion. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy studies clearly indicate that with His-pLK, the plasmid is better delivered in the cytosol as well as in the cell nucleus in zinc-treated cells. An investigation conducted with the histidine-rich peptide H5WYG showed that zinc inhibits membrane permeabilization but promotes membrane fusion as evidenced by resonance energy transfer. Conclusions Data reported here imply that the addition of zinc ions in the transfection medium can trigger an increase of the fusion of endosomes containing polyplexes which is more effective in the presence of histidine-rich molecules. Consequently, the amount of plasmid in the cytosol available to reach the nucleus is increased leading to an improvement of polyfection. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Polymer Complexes: supramolecular assemblies and structures of poly[N -(2,-pyridyl)propenamide] complexesAPPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2004A. T. A. Mubarak Abstract A number of new polymer complexes of palladium(II), platinum(II) and copper(II) containing homopolymer (N -(2,-pyridyl)propenamide; APH) and various anions (Cl,, Br,, I, or NO3,) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility, electron paramagnetic resonance, IR and reflectance spectral measurements. The homopolymer shows three types of coordination behavior. In the mononuclear polymer complexes 1,6 and 9 it acts as a neutral bidentate ligand chelated through the pyridine-nitrogen and amide-oxygen atoms, whereas in the square-planar [Pd(APH)2X2] (X = Cl, Br) unidentate APH is coordinated through the pyridine-nitrogen atom alone. Under alkaline conditions APH is deprotonated in the presence of palladium(II) to form [Pd(AP)2] (10), AP being an anionic bidentate ligand and chelating through the pyridine-nitrogen and amide-oxygen atoms. The poly-chelates are of 1:1 and 1:3 (metal:homopolymer) stoichiometry and exhibit six-coordination. The polymer complexes of stoichiometric [(APH)2CuX2] contain square planar (APH)2 Cu2+ units and the anions X, are in the axial positions, giving distorted octahedral configurations. From the electron paramagnetic resonance and spectral data, the orbital reduction factors were calculated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Compression process effects on filling density and replication properties of micro-surfaces during metal injection moldingASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2009Kenji Okubo Abstract To improve the surface replication properties and density of final metal injection molded (MIM) products, injection-compression molding was applied to metal-mold processing. Effects of the mold temperature and compression process conditions, such as the compression period, on the density, surface roughness, and geometry of green compacts and sintered products were investigated. The density of green compacts, cavity pressure inside the mold, and surface roughness were improved for longer compression periods of both pressure and volume control methods. Micro-scale replication properties for the V-grooves of green compacts revealed a complicated tendency involving the compression period and control method. The V-groove replication properties improved with increasing compression period, except for the volume control method and lower mold temperature. The sintered MIM products' final properties strongly affect the characteristics of green compacts. The injection-compression process for MIM products, e.g. metal,polymer complexes, can improve the surface replication properties and roughness of green compacts. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Investigation of binary polymer/surfactant or ternary polymer/surfactant/Cu2+ complexes in aqueous solution through Nile red probingPOLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 8 2010Zacharoula Iatridi Abstract The optical properties (absorption and emission) of Nile red have been widely used for staining or probing purposes in diverse aqueous systems. However, the applications of Nile red for the determination of the critical aggregation concentration of polymer/surfactant complexes or for the investigation of ternary polymer/surfactant/Cu2+ systems are very limited. The interactions between anionic polyelectrolytes and the oppositely charged surfactant N,N,N,N -dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride were investigated in dilute aqueous solution, exploiting the optical properties of Nile red. It is shown that the emission properties of Nile red present better sensitivity than its absorption properties, concerning the detection of the hydrophobic polymer/surfactant complexes formed in aqueous solution. Moreover, it is found that the formation of ternary polymer/surfactant/Cu2+ complexes leads to a pronounced quenching of the luminescence of Nile red. The corresponding Stern,Volmer plots indicate that quenching is more favourable when coordination of Cu2+ ions with poly(sodium acrylate) takes place, as compared to simple electrostatic binding of these ions with poly(sodium styrene sulfonate). Nile red is a sensitive and accurate tool, as an alternative to pyrene, for the characterization of binary polymer/surfactant complexes or for obtaining information on the local arrangement of ternary polymer/surfactant/Cu2+ systems in aqueous solution. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry [source] | |||||||||||||