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Polygraphic Recordings (polygraphic + recording)
Selected AbstractsUnchanged heart rate,respiratory frequency ratio in preterm infants during spontaneous arousalsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 1 2009Heinz Zotter Abstract Aim: To find out whether a correlation of heart rate (HR) and respiratory frequency (RF) defined as HR-RF-ratio (HRR) may be helpful to identify arousals in term and preterm infants. Methods: Polygraphic recordings were performed in 25 term infants (gestational age 40.1 ± 1.1 weeks) and 25 preterm infants (gestational age 31.1 ± 1.3 weeks) during undisturbed daytime sleep. Arousals were scored as suggested by the ,International Paediatric Work Group on Arousals' and divided into cortical arousals and subcortical arousals. HRR was defined as HR over RF. Arousals were compared to a 30-sec period preceding an arousals. Results: Two hundred arousals were scored (100 cortical arousals and 100 subcortical arousals). HRR increased during arousals in term infants (p < 0.001). This was true for cortical arousals (p < 0.001) and subcortical arousals (p < 0.05) of term infants. In contrast, in preterm infants HRR remained unchanged during cortical arousals and subcortical arousals. Conclusion: An increase of HRR during arousals is a simple parameter to identify arousals in term infants, but not in preterm infants suggesting that an unchanged HRR might be an indicator of an immature arousal response. [source] Does bladder voiding during sleep and wakefulness change the behavioural state of infants?ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 12 2006HEINZ ZOTTER Abstract Aim: To evaluate whether bladder voiding in healthy infants is accompanied by body movements or any changes in heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (RF) or electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency during sleep and during wakefulness. Methods: Polygraphic recordings were performed on 33 healthy infants (17 female) born at term. The infants' age at study entry was 41±10 d, and actual body weight was 4876±403 g (mean±SD). Bladder voiding was recorded by an adapted enuresis detector connected to the polygraphic computer unit. Results: Awakening was observed in 12 (36%) infants 77±9 s before bladder voiding. Twenty-one infants (64%) continued sleeping during bladder voiding. In sleeping infants, bladder voiding occurred during non-REM sleep only, and was accompanied by a cortical arousal. During wakefulness, RF was lower, and HR and EEG frequency were higher, but stayed constant during bladder voiding. Conclusion: Our observations demonstrate that bladder voiding in healthy infants during sleep is accompanied by body movements and changes in HR and EEG frequency, indicating cortical arousals, whereas during wakefulness these changes cannot be observed. [source] Specific increase in non-functional masseter bursts in subjects aware of tooth-clenching during wakefulnessJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 2 2009S. KATASE-AKIYAMA Summary, Previous studies have reported that subjective awareness of a tooth-clenching habit is associated with increased jaw motor activity (Rao SM, Glaros AG, J Dent Res. 1979;58:1872). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that subjects with clenching awareness exhibit different motor expressions specific to non-functional oromotor activity under laboratory conditions without psychological or sensory effects. Polygraphic and audio,video recordings were made for a 30-min period of silent reading by 33 subjects without oro-facial pain. Oro-facial behaviours (e.g. swallowing, lip movements) were scored according to the polygraphic and audio,video records and masseter bursts were quantitatively analysed. Subjective psychological/sensory measures were also recorded before and/or after the polygraphic recording using a visual analogue scale. The subjects were classified into two groups one with 15 subjects who were aware of having a tooth-clenching habit and another with 18 who were not aware of any such habit. There were no differences between the groups with respect to the number of functional oro-facial behaviours or subjective psychological/sensory measures. Masseter bursts unrelated to functional oro-facial behaviours occurred more frequently in subjects with awareness [median (range) = 23 (2,187) bursts] than in those without [9·0 (0,36); P = 0·01], while neither burst activity [12·3 (1·8,34·5) % of maximum voluntary clenching and 10·1 (6·5,25·1) %, respectively] nor duration [1·17 (0·2,2·2) s and 1·28 (0·3,4·1) s, respectively] differed between the groups. The occurrence of functional oro-facial behaviours or other body behaviours (e.g. limb and body movements) did not differ between the two groups. These findings suggest that the increased masseter activity in subjects with tooth-clenching awareness is characterized by a specific increase in non-functional masseter bursts. [source] Time course of EEG background activity level before spontaneous awakening in infantsJOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Issue 4 2002Chiara Zampi SUMMARY This research aimed to investigate the time course of the cortical activity level preceding spontaneous awakening as a function of age and state. Two groups of infants (1,4 and 9,14 weeks of age) were continuously monitored by polygraphic recording and behavioural observation during the night. The electroencephalographic (EEG) activity recorded by the C3,O1 lead was analysed through an automatic analysis method which provides, for each 30-s epoch, a single measure, time domain based, of the EEG synchronization. The EEG parameter values were computed in the 6 min preceding each awakening out of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and out of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The EEG background activity level did not change in the minutes preceding awakening out of REM sleep. Awakening out of NREM sleep was preceded by a change of EEG activity level in the direction of higher activation with different time course according to the age. Both REM and NREM sleep results suggest that a high level of EEG activity is a prerequisite for the occurrence of a spontaneous awakening. [source] Prenatal protein malnourished rats show changes in sleep/wake behavior as adultsJOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Issue 1 2000Subimal Datta SUMMARY Prenatal protein malnutrition significantly elevates brain levels of serotonin in rats, and these levels remain elevated throughout their lives. This biogenic amine is involved in the regulation of many physiological functions, including the normal sleep/wake cycle. The present study examined the effects of prenatal protein malnutrition on the sleep/wake cycle of freely moving adult rats. Six prenatally protein malnourished (6% casein) and 10 well-nourished (25% casein) male rats (90,120-day-old) were chronically implanted with a standard set of electrodes (to record cortical electroencephalogram, neck muscle electromyogram, electrooculogram, and hippocampal theta wave) to objectively measure states of sleep and wakefulness. Six-hour polygraphic recordings were made between 10.00 and 16.00 h; a time when the rats normally sleep. Prenatally malnourished rats spent 20% more time in slow wave sleep (SWS) compared to the well-nourished rats. The total percentage of time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was 61% less in prenatally malnourished rats compared to well-nourished control rats. These findings demonstrate the adverse consequences of prenatal protein malnutrition on the quality and quantity of adult sleep in rats. These sleep changes are potentially detrimental to normal social behavior and cognitive functions. Prenatally malnourished rats are an excellent animal model to study the role of endogenous serotonin in the regulation of the normal sleep/wake cycle. [source] | ||||||||||