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Polyaniline

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Polymers and Materials Science	83%
Chemistry	14%

Distribution within Polymers and Materials Science

Polymer Science & Technology General	63%
General & Introductory Materials Science	16%

Kinds of Polyaniline

conducting polyaniline

Terms modified by Polyaniline

polyaniline derivative

polyaniline film

Selected Abstracts

Microdimensional Polyaniline: Fabrication and Characterization of Dynamics of Charge Propagation at Microdisk Electrodes

ELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 17 2004
Karolina Caban
Abstract We describe fabrication of microdimensional polyanilne films in a controlled manner by voltammetric potential cycling or controlled potential electrolysis on platinum microdisk electrodes. The film grows in a form of hemispherical microdeposits, and its size largely exceeds the size of a Pt microdisk. Consequently, the film covers both the Pt substrate as well as the surrounding glass seal. Since the adhering polyaniline layer is conducting, the latter situation may lead to an increase in the effective electrode surface area. The lateral growth of polyaniline films outside the microdisk has also been demonstrated by performing diagnostic voltammetric experiments with use of a double microdisk set-up in which independent polarization of each disk is feasible. Microelectrode-based chronocoulometry, that involves an uncomplicated well-defined reduction potential step starting from the emeraldine (conducting) form and ending at leucoemeraldine (nonconducting) form, yields (upon application of a sufficiently short pulse) a well-defined linear response of charge versus square root of time that is consistent with the linear effective diffusion as the predominant charge propagation mechanism. When describing the system kinetics in terms of the effective (apparent) diffusion coefficient, we expect this parameter to be on the level of 10,8,cm2 s,1 or lower. The relative changes in dynamics of charge transport are discussed with respect to the polyaniline film loading, the size of microdisk electrode, expansion of the active electrode area, and the choice of electrolyte (strong acid) anion. The results are consistent with the view that when Pt microelectrode is modified with PANI deposit exceeding the size of the microdisk substrate, it behaves in a way as if its surface area is effectively much larger than the geometric area of Pt microdisk. [source]

High Breakdown Field Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Using Encapsulated Polyaniline as High Dielectric Constant Filler

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 19 2010
Martin Molberg
Abstract A novel method allowing rapid production of reliable composites with increased dielectric constant and high dielectric strength for dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) is reported. The promising approach using composites of conductive particles and insulating polymers generally suffers from low breakdown fields when applied to DEA devices. The present publication shows how to overcome this deficiency by using conductive polyaniline (PANI) particles encapsulated into an insulating polymer shell prior to dispersion. PANI particles are encapsulated using miniemulsion polymerization (MP) of divinylbenzene (DVB). The encapsulation process is scaled up to approximately 20 g particles per batch. The resulting particles are used as high dielectric constant (,,) fillers. Composites in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix are prepared and the resulting films characterized by dielectric spectroscopy and tensile tests, and evaluated in electromechanical actuators. The composite films show a more than threefold increase in ,,, breakdown field strengths above 50 V ,m,1, and increased strain at break. These novel materials allow tuning the actuation strain or stress output and have potential as materials for energy harvesting. [source]

Polyaniline Entrapped in Silver: Structural Properties and Electrical Conductivity

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 8 2009
Guy Nesher
Abstract By employing the new methodology of entrapment of organic molecules within metals, we demonstrate the ability to modify the conductivity of a metal by suitable polymer entrapment. Specifically, polyaniline (PANI) in two molecular weights was entrapped in silver at different concentrations and a comprehensive comparison was preformed for a range of the composite properties, characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, TGA, and density measurements. Pressed films were utilized to measure the electrical conductivity of the composites in order to study the PANI-silver interactions at the molecular level and to establish a correlation between the microscopic morphology and the film conduction. Such correlations have been identified, and are interpreted. This work extends the functional applications of the new metallic composites and offers insight on the polymer-metal molecular level interactions. [source]

Conducting and Superhydrophobic Rambutan-like Hollow Spheres of Polyaniline,

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 16 2007
Y. Zhu
Superhydrophobic polyaniline (PANI) hollow spheres (see figure and cover) with high conductivity were self-assembled by using perfluorooctane sulfuric acid (PFOSA) as both dopant and soft template. It is proposed that these spheres are formed by a co-operative effect of two self-assembly processes: spherical micelles composed of PFOSA serve as a "microreactor" and PFOS/aniline salt micelles act as the soft template of the PANI nanofibers. [source]

Detection of Nucleic Acids Using Enzyme-Catalyzed Template-Guided Deposition of Polyaniline,

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 4 2007
Q. Gao
An electrochemical procedure for the detection of nucleic acids is realized by utilizing polyaniline as a signal generator for the transduction of nucleic acid hybridization events (see figure). The unique combination of enzymatic amplification and template-guided deposition can be used in conjunction with other detection techniques, and the sensitivity of the biosensor increases with increasing time. [source]

Reversible Photoregulation of the Electrical Conductivity of Spiropyran-Doped Polyaniline for Information Recording and Nondestructive Processing ,

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 7 2004
X. Guo
Reversibly photoswitchable proton transfer processes can occur between a three-state molecular switch based on spiropyran (SP) and the "salt form" of polyaniline (see Figure), both in solution and in the solid state. As a result, the electrical conductivity of the thin-film of SP-doped polyaniline can be photoregulated. [source]

Synthesis of higher soluble nanostructured polyaniline by vapor-phase polymerization and determination of its crystal structure

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 1 2009
Sambhu Bhadra
Abstract Higher soluble nanostructured polyaniline was prepared by vapor-phase polymerization after passing aniline vapor through an aqueous acidic solution of ammonium persulfate (PANI-V). Polyaniline was also synthesized by the conventional oxidative polymerization method (PANI-C) in an aqueous medium for the comparison of its properties with PANI-V. PANI-V exhibited lower conductivity but higher hydrophilicity and higher solubility (2,3 times) in different solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran, N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, N,N -dimethyl formamide, and m -cresol at room temperature compared with that of PANI-C. The thermal stability of PANI-V was higher than that of PANI-C. In-depth investigations of the crystal structures of PANI-C and PANI-V were performed through powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The PANI-V showed a less ordered structure with a lower crystallinity and crystallite size and with a higher d-spacing and interchain separation compared with PANI-C. The unit cell volume of PANI-V was significantly higher with a greater number of atoms in the unit cell than that of PANI-C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009 [source]

Large Enhancement in Conductivity of Polyaniline Films by Cold Stretching

MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, Issue 10 2010
Hong-Mei Xiao
Abstract The hot-stretching method has been well accepted for enhancing the electrical conductivity of conducting polymer films. High temperature is the prerequisite to soften the polymer to highly align and elongate the polymeric molecular chains. In this study, the cold-stretching method is proposed for the first time to enhance the conductivity of conducting polymeric films. Polyaniline (PANI) films are stretched at room temperature to different strain levels. It is observed that the applied strain has significant effects on the morphology, molecular chain structure, crystallinity, and crosslinking of the PANI films. As a result, the conductivity of PANI films is effectively increased by the cold-stretching process. Particularly, a maximum conductivity with an 18.4-fold increase in the direction parallel to the stretched direction is obtained when the elastic limit strain is applied. Compared to hot stretching, cold stretching is unique due to the extremely low dimensional change and very high efficiency achieved. [source]

Electrically Conducting Gels Formed From Polyaniline/Ethylcellulose/m -Cresol Ternary Solutions

MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, Issue 10 2004
Ignacio González
Abstract Summary: Polyaniline doped with camphorsulfonic acid (PANI-CSA) and ethylcellulose (EC), constitutes the basis of the investigated binary PANI(CSA)0.5/m -cresol and ternary PANI(CSA)0.5/EC/m -cresol solutions. Ternary solutions give rise to gels with a lower elastic modulus and electrical conductivity than binary PANI(CSA)0.5/m -cresol gels. However, the dimensional stability is considerably improved, since warping observed in binary gels is eliminated or lessened. These results are explained considering the role played by ethylcellulose, which interacts with the hydroxyl group of m -cresol, skimping PANI(CSA)0.5/m -cresol specific interactions and retarding solvent evaporation. Electrical conductivity of binary (,) and ternary (,) gels as a function of m -cresol content. The arrow indicates that warping is observed below this solvent level. [source]

Automated Layer-by-Layer Deposition of Polyelectrolytes in Flow Mode

MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS & ENGINEERING, Issue 6-7 2009
Svetlozar Ivanov
Abstract Multilayer structures of conducting polymers were fabricated by a simply automated approach in flow mode. Polyaniline and poly(styrene sulfonate) were used as a model system, allowing a fast electrochemical and spectroscopic determination of the amount of deposited material. The technology was applied for layer-by-layer deposition of up to 100 bilayers. The results demonstrate a well reproducible and almost constant amount of the adsorbed polymer at each deposition cycle. The method can be applied for deposition of other conducting or non-conducting polymers, biological macromolecules and composites of polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles. [source]

Superhydrophobic 3D Microstructures Assembled From 1D Nanofibers of Polyaniline

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS, Issue 3 2008
Ying Zhu
Abstract Superhydrophobic dandelion-like 3D microstructures self-assembled from 1D nanofibers of PANI were prepared by a self-assembly process in the presence of perfluorosebacic acid (PFSEA) as a dopant. The dandelion-like microspheres (about 5 µm) are composed of uniform Y-shaped junction nanofibers of about 210 nm average diameter and several micrometers in length, as measured by SEM. The dandelion-like microstructure is coreless with a hollow cavity, and the shell thickness is about one third of the sphere diameter, as measured by TEM. Since PFESA dopant has a low surface energy perfluorinated carbon chain and two hydrophilic COOH end groups, it has dopant, is a "soft-template" and brings about superhydrophobic functions at the same time. Moreover, it is proposed that the self-assembly of PANI 1D nanofibers, driven by a combined interaction of hydrogen bonding, ,-, stacking and hydrophobic interactions, leads to the formation of the 3D microstructures. [source]

Dissolution and Doping of Polyaniline Emeraldine Base in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Investigated by Spectroscopic Techniques

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS, Issue 5 2007
Fabio Rodrigues
Abstract Polyaniline is a model molecular system in the study of conductive polymers. Ionic liquids, on the other hand, are becoming more and more a very convenient alternative for conventional organic solvents. The dissolution of polyaniline-emeraldine base (PANI-EB) in imidazolium ILs leads to its doping, as indicated by optical and resonance Raman spectroscopies. In this study, it is proposed that the interaction of PANI-EB and imidazolium ILs involves the specific interaction of the quinoid moiety of the former with the imidazolium ring of the latter, an interpretation that is also based on N K -edge XANES measurements of neat PANI-EB, neat ILs, and of their solutions. [source]

PANI,LDPE composites: Effect of blending conditions

POLYMER COMPOSITES, Issue 1 2009
M. Cote
A composite based on polyaniline (PANI) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) with electrical conductivity was developed. Polyaniline was polymerized by chemical oxidation and doped with dodecyl-benzene-sulfonic acid (DBSA). PANI,LDPE composites were prepared via melt blending and the films were obtained by compression molding. The influence of three variables of the blending (temperature, [PANI], rotor speed) on conductivity, microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was studied by means of statistical tools and a 23 experimental design. The results show that the PANI concentration is the most influential variable, which mainly affects the conductivity and the elongation at break of the composites. These changes are related to the microstructure of the composites. Statistically, the other variables don't show significant influence on conductivity and mechanical properties in the studied range. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers. [source]

Preparation of polyaniline,polypyrrole composite sub-micro fibers via interfacial polymerization

POLYMER COMPOSITES, Issue 1 2008
Shuangxi Xing
Polyaniline,polypyrrole (PANI,PPy) composite sub-micro fibers were prepared via interfacial polymerization of aniline and pyrrole using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant. Carbon tetrachloride was used as the organic solvent to dissolve the monomers and APS was dissolved in HCl aqueous solution. The reaction was carried out at the interface formed by the two above solutions. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectra and differential thermal analysis were conducted to characterize the morphology, structure and thermostability of the resulting composites. Dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid was also used as medium to make comparison with that using HCl in the reaction system. The guidance of the formation of the PANI nanofibers at the first step and the interaction between PANI and PPy were considered as the drive forces to yield the composite sub-micro fibers. POLYM. COMPOS., 29:22,26, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers [source]

Electrospinning and alignment of polyaniline-based nanowires and nanotubes,

POLYMER ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, Issue 9 2008
A. Attout
Polyaniline (PANi) nanowires and nanotubes are processed by electrospinning. Nanowires are electrospinned using PANi/PEO and PANi/PMMA polymer blends. The morphology and composition of these nanofibers are determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Nano-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (Nano-SIMS). The conductive polymer seems more homogeneously distributed for the PANi/PEO than for the PANi/PMMA blend nanowires, which exhibit a phase separation. On the other hand, pure PANi nanotubes are prepared using PMMA nanowires as a template. The synthesis is followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), SEM and Nano-SIMS. Moreover, a simple method based on electrostatic steering allows us to align these fibers on a substrate. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers [source]

Preparation of polyaniline/vermiculite clay nanocomposites by in situ chemical oxidative grafting polymerization

POLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2009
Zhaobin Tang
Abstract BACKGROUND: Recently, conducting polymers have attracted much attention, since they have interesting physical properties and many potential applications, such as in conductive coating charge storage. Hence the synthesis of conducting polymer nanocomposites is also an area of increasing research activity. RESULTS: Vermiculites (VMTs) were successfully delaminated using an acid treatment. Polyaniline (PANI)/VMT nanocomposites were prepared by in situ chemical oxidative grafting polymerization. CONCLUSION: The chemical grafting of PANI/VMTs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy. The percentage of grafted PANI was 142.7 wt% as a mass ratio of the grafting PANI and charged nano-VMTs, investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, characteristic agglomerate morphology of PANI was observed in the composites using scanning electron microscopy. Thermal analyses indicated that the introduction of VMT nanosheets had a beneficial effect on the thermal stability of PANI. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites was 3.9 × 10,3 S cm,1, a value typical for semiconductors. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

The mechanism of the oxidative polymerization of aniline and the formation of supramolecular polyaniline structures

POLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 12 2008
Irina Sapurina
Abstract Polyaniline is one of the most important conducting and responsive polymers. A molecular mechanism for the oxidation of aniline is proposed. This mechanism explains the specific features of aniline oligomerization and polymerization in various acidity ranges. The formation of polyaniline precipitates, colloids and thin films is reviewed and discussed on the basis of the chemistry of aniline oxidation. The generation of nanostructures, i.e. granules, nanotubes, nanowires and microspheres, is also considered. Oligomers containing phenazine constitutional units play an important role in self-assembly to form templates. Polyaniline chains then grow from these templates and produce the various individual morphologies. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Interfacial polymerization of morphologically modified polyaniline: from hollow microspheres to nanowires

POLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2008
Jinbo Li
Abstract BACKGROUND: Polyaniline (PANI) has attracted much attention in many fields due to its chemical and physical properties, and different nanostructures of PANI changing from one-dimensional to three-dimensional have been obtained. By changing the concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the morphology of hydrochloric acid-doped polyaniline could be changed from one-dimensional nanoneedles or nanowires with a network structure (50,100 nm in diameter) to three-dimensional hollow microspheres (ca 400 nm in outer diameter) via combining interfacial polymerization and self-assembly process. RESULTS These different nanostructures of PANI were proved using scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies. A plausible mechanism of the formation of the changeable nanostructures of PANI may be different from that of interfacial polymerization without surfactant or a traditional homogenous reaction system using CTAB as surfactant. CONCLUSION The results obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and the four-probe method showed that the molecular structure of PANI does not change with increasing CTAB concentration, but crystallinity and conductivity of PANI increase with surfactant concentration. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Sonochemical synthetic methods to produce functionalized conducting copolymers

POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 4 2010
P. Najafi Moghadam
Abstract Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most investigated intrinsically conducting polymers. Copolymerization of aniline with aniline derivatives was considered one of the most effective and promising ways of improving the properties of PANI. In this work, firstly ethyl 3-aminobenzoate and butyl 3-aminobenzoate were synthesized from 3-aminobenzoic acid by direct esterification. Then the copolymerization of 3-amino benzoic acid, ethyl 3-aminobenzoate, and butyl 3-aminobenzoate with aniline was carried out by sonochemical polymerization in aqueous hydrochloric acid using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The effects of variation in the molar ratio of the two monomers on chain structure, conductivity, and the redox properties of the copolymer are discussed. The prepared polymers are characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Thermal behavior of the prepared copolymers was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The copolymers were doped with HCl and their conductivity was measured. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Preparation, morphology and electrical conductivity of polyaniline/polyoxyalkylene,montmorillonite exfoliated nanocomposites

POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 3 2008
N. Salahuddin
Abstract Polyaniline (PANI)/organoclay exfoliated nanocomposites containing different organoclay contents (14,50,wt%) were prepared. PANI emeraldine base (EB) and oligomeric PANI (o-PANI) were intercalated into montmorillonite (MMT) modified by four types of polyoxyalkylene diamine or triamine (organoclay) using N-methyl pyrolidinone (NMP) as a solvent in the presence of 0.1,M HCl. o-PANI and EB have been synthesized by oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS). Infrared absorption spectra (IR) confirm the electrostatic interaction between negatively charged surface of MMT and positively charged sites in PANI. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies disclosed that the d001 spacing between interlamellar surface disappeared at low content of the organoclay. The morphology of these materials was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrical conductivities of the PANI-organoclay and o-PANI-organoclay nanocomposites were 1.5,×,10,3,2,×,10,4 and 9.5,×,10,7,1.8,×,10,9,S/cm, respectively depending on the ratio of PANI. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

In situ Chemical Deposition of Polyaniline on Activated Carbon for Electrochemical Capacitors

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2006
Zhang-Hua Zhou
Abstract Polyaniline (PA) film was chemically deposited onto the surface of activated carbon (AC) uniformly. Chemical deposition was carried out in 0.1 mol/L aniline plus 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution adopting V2O5·nH2O coated on the surface of activated carbon as oxidant. The surface morphologies and structures of the composite materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR spectra. The electrochemical properties of the composite material electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge/discharge tests in 1 mol/L H2SO4 solutions. The specific capacitance of composite materials was exhibited as high as 237.5 F/g at a current density of 1.0 A/g compared with a value of 120 F/g for pure carbon electrode. Good power characteristic and good stability of composite electrodes were also demonstrated. [source]

Electrochemical Synthesis of Dendritic Polyaniline in Brønsted Acid Ionic Liquids

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 7 2005
Liu Bao-You
Abstract Brønsted acid ionic liquids were successfully applied to the electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline films on platinum electrode surfaces by using cyclic voltammetry. The scanning electron micrographs showed distinct changes in morphological structures. The films exhibited quite dense packing and good ordering of polymer dendrite as compared with those prepared using conventional hydrochloric acid, indicating that Brønsting acid ionic liquids might be promising alternatives to dual medium-dopants in the synthesis of conducting polymers. [source]

Bismuth/Polyaniline/Glassy Carbon Electrodes Prepared with Different Protocols for Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Trace Cd and Pb in Solutions Having Surfactants

ELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 2 2010
M. Wang
Abstract To improve reproducibility, stability and sensitivity, a bismuth (Bi) thin film was coated on glassy carbon (GC) substrates which surfaces were modified with a porous thin layer of polyaniline (PANI) via multipulse potentiostatic electropolymerization to form Bi/PANI/GC electrodes (Bi/PANI/GCEs). The Bi/PANI/GCEs were used successfully for simultaneous detection and determination of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions, and various parameters were studied with reference to square wave anodic stripping voltammetric (SWASV) signals. The experimental results depicted that the environment-friendly Bi/PANI/GCEs had the ability to rapidly monitor trace heavy metals even in the presence of surface-active compounds. [source]

Polyaniline Film Based Amperometric pH Sensor Using A Novel Electrochemical Measurement System

ELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 8 2009
Wei Gao
Abstract A polyaniline based amperometric pH sensor has been developed using a novel electrochemical measurement system. A polyaniline film (PANI) coated pencil graphite electrode (PGE) is connected in series between the working and counter electrodes of a potentiostat, and immersed in the solution together with a reference electrode. When an external potential is applied, the resulting current varies with the solution pH, which provides the basis for the amperoemtric pH sensor. Equations describing the measurement principle are presented. Based on pH dependent emeraldine salt,emeraldine base transition of PANI film, the pH sensor exhibits high stability, accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity and a short time. [source]

Electrochemically Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Gas Sensor

ELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 12 2006
Ting Zhang
Abstract We demonstrate a facile fabrication method to make chemical gas sensors using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) electrochemically functionalized with polyaniline (PANI). The potential advantage of this method is to enable targeted functionalization with different materials to allow for creation of high-density individually addressable nanosensor arrays. PANI-SWNT network based sensors were tested for on-line monitoring of ammonia gas. The results show a superior sensitivity of 2.44% ,R/R per ppmv NH3 (which is more than 60 times higher than intrinsic SWNT based sensors), a detection limit as low as 50,ppbv, and good reproducibility upon repeated exposure to 10,ppmv NH3. The typical response time of the sensors at room temperature is on the order of minutes and the recovery time is a few hours. Higher sensitivities were observed at lower temperatures. These results indicate that electrochemical functionalization of SWNTs provides a promising new method of creating highly advanced nanosensors with improved sensitivity, detection limit, and reproducibility. [source]

High Breakdown Field Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Using Encapsulated Polyaniline as High Dielectric Constant Filler

Immunosensors: (Ionic-Liquid-Doped Polyaniline Inverse Opals: Preparation, Characterization, and Application for the Electrochemical Impedance Immunoassay of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen) Adv.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 19 2009
Funct.
Xing-Hua Li et al. describe the preparation of ionic liquid-doped polyaniline (IL-PANI) inverse opaline film with surface assemblies of gold nanoparticles. The resulting AuNP/IL-PANI film is conjugated with Hepatitis B surface antibody molecules to fabricate a immunosensor with a low detection limit for Hepatitis B surface antigen. [source]

Ionic-Liquid-Doped Polyaniline Inverse Opals: Preparation, Characterization, and Application for the Electrochemical Impedance Immunoassay of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 19 2009
Xing-Hua Li
Abstract A 3D ordered macroporous (3DOM) ionic-liquid-doped polyaniline (IL-PANI) inverse opaline film is fabricated with an electropolymerization method and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are assembled on the film by electrostatic adsorption, which offers a promising basis for biomolecular immobilization due to its satisfactory chemical stability, good electronic conductivity, and excellent biocompatibility. The AuNP/IL-PANI inverse opaline film could be used to fabricate an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) immunosensor for the determination of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The concentration of HBsAg is measured using the EIS technique by monitoring the corresponding specific binding between HBsAg and HBsAb (surface antibody). The increased electron transfer resistance (Ret) values are proportional to the logarithmic value of the concentration of HBsAg. This novel immunoassay displays a linear response range between 0.032,pg mL,1 and 31.6,pg mL,1 with a detection limit of 0.001,pg mL,1. The detection of HBsAg levels in several sera showed satisfactory agreement with those using a commercial turbidimetric method. [source]

Polyaniline Entrapped in Silver: Structural Properties and Electrical Conductivity

Formation of Nanoislands on Conducting Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Films by High-Energy - Ion Irradiation: Applications as Field Emitters and Capacitor Electrodes,

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 9 2005
J. Joo
Abstract Nanoislands have been fabricated on the surface of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films doped with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) using high-energy (,,1,3,MeV) Cl2+ ion irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy confirm the direct formation of nanoislands with diameters ranging from 50,to 300,nm and heights ranging from 40,to 120,nm. From our analysis, we propose that the formation of nanoislands might be due to micelle formation of the polymeric stabilizer poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS-Na) surrounding the nuclei in the PEDOT/PSS via the high-energy-ion irradiation. We observe similar results for high-energy-ion irradiated polyaniline doped with PSS-Na. On using the nanoislands as nanotip emitters of a field-emission display, an increase in the current density of about five orders of magnitude is observed. Cyclic voltammetry of the PEDOT/PSS electrode with the nanoislands as the electrode shows enhanced capacitance compared with that of the PEDOT/PSS film that contains no nanostructure. [source]