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Pollution Prevention (pollution + prevention)
Kinds of Pollution Prevention Selected AbstractsFrom Boundary Drawing to Transitions: the Creation of Normativity under the EU Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and ControlEUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 2 2002Bettina Lange This article aims to make a contribution to debates about how to conceptualise normativity. It argues that normativity can not be just understood through defining it and in particular through identifying conceptual boundaries around the normative and the non-normative. Instead the article suggests that it is important to explore how transitions between the non-normative and the normative occur in practice. This argument is developed through a critical examination of literature on legal pluralism and an analysis of qualitative empirical data on the drafting of technical guidance documents under the European Union Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (96/61/EC). [source] Operational cost savings in dairy plant water usage,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2006P J WILLIAMS Public awareness and concern over food safety, together with intensified regulatory control over the impact of food processing operations on the environment, present new challenges to the industry. This paper outlines a systematic approach to water management that addresses both cost-reduction strategies and environmental performance improvement, which can enhance industry image while maintaining product and brand integrity. Many companies already operate a well-defined environmental management system (EMS), and some have already sought accreditation to ISO 14001. However, the implementation of, among others, the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive, the Water Directive and the Climate Change Levy (CCL) are raising new and important questions. [source] When soft regulation is not enough: The integrated pollution prevention and control directive of the European UnionREGULATION & GOVERNANCE, Issue 3 2010Charalampos Koutalakis Abstract Recent debates regarding the effectiveness of regulatory policymaking in the European Union (EU) focus on the merits of soft, non-binding forms of regulation between public and private actors. The emergence of less coercive forms of regulation is analyzed as a response to powerful functional pressures emanating from the complexity of regulatory issues, as well as the need to secure flexibility and adaptability of regulation to distinctive territorial economic, environmental, administrative, and social conditions. In this article we empirically assess the above normative claims regarding the effectiveness of soft regulation vis-à-vis uniformly binding legislation. We draw on an exploratory investigation of the application of the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive of the EU in four countries. Our study reveals that effectiveness in the application of soft policy instruments is largely contingent upon strong cognitive, material, and political capacities of both state regulators and industrial actors involved in regulatory policymaking. In the absence of those conditions, the application of soft, legally non-binding regulation may lead to adverse effects, such as non-compliance and the "hollowing out" of the systems of environmental permits to industry. In the medium term, such developments can undermine the normative authority of the EU. [source] Pollution prevention: The need is stronger than everENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, Issue 1 2000Scott A. Berger No abstract is available for this article. [source] Pollution prevention using the EMS toolbox: A bicultural training case studyENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2005Jennifer L. Kraus First page of article [source] Implementation of the IPPC Directive and its economic impacts: evidence from the EU steel and glass industryENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 3 2008Tilmann Rave Abstract This paper aims at assessing the likely economic impacts of different approaches to implementation of Directive 96/61/EC on integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC) by establishing a conceptual framework and by providing empirical evidence from case studies in the EU electric steel and domestic glass industry. The potential economic implications of the IPPC permitting process are analysed from the point of view of individual plants. Both plant- and sector-specific factors and the institutional and regulatory context of IPPC implementation in different member states are taken into account. The paper finds only limited evidence of any adverse competitiveness impacts arising from IPPC implementation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] Effect of pollution control on corporate financial performance in a transition economyENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 4 2007Dietrich Earnhart Abstract This study analyzes the effect of pollution control on corporate financial performance in a transition economy. In particular, it assesses whether better pollution control, as measured by lower air pollutant emissions, improves or undermines financial success, as captured by accounting-based measures of financial performance, e.g. profitability. For this assessment, this study analyzes the effect of air pollution control using a panel of Czech firms for the years 1996,1998. The analytical results indicate that better pollution control neither improves nor undermines financial success. These results provide no support for the hypothesis that pollution prevention, generated by improved production processes, led to lower costs, and thus, greater profitability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] Integrated pollution prevention and control: A review of English and European Union Law and RegulationENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2006J. Rostron First page of article [source] Corporate social performance: Creating resources to help organizations excelGLOBAL BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE, Issue 2 2008Bryan Dennis The most commonly employed theories of corporate social performance (CSP) tend to ignore firm-level processes and structures as sources of competitive advantage. But, by taking a resource-based view (RBV), and by enhancing a firm's capability to engage in socially responsible activities, it can potentially create its own competitive advantages. We examine four major components of CSP,community relations, the environment, diversity, and employee relations. And we show that the ability of a firm to develop its knowledge and skills,as well as policies and implementation plans and procedures,in each of these areas is a potential resource that may in fact provide competitive advantages and higher organizational performance, bringing benefits to both society and the firm. The community dimension evaluates the firm's performance in relationship to philanthropic giving and community support. The environmental aspect considers such firm stewardship activities as pollution prevention, global warming, and recycling. The diversity component measures CSP considering such factors as board member diversity and a firm's hiring, evaluation, training, and promotion policies concerning women and minorities. The employee relations dimension examines such socially responsible human resource practices as innovative employee involvement programs and profit sharing. Together, these capabilities can provide tangible and intangible resources that can provide the firm with competitive advantages. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Process integration technology review: background and applications in the chemical process industryJOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2003Russell F Dunn Abstract Process integration is a holistic approach to process design and operation which emphasizes the unity of the process. Process integration design tools have been developed over the past two decades to achieve process improvement, productivity enhancement, conservation in mass and energy resources, and reductions in the operating and capital costs of chemical processes. The primary applications of these integrated tools have focused on resource conservation, pollution prevention and energy management. Specifically, the past two decades have seen the development and/or application of process integration design tools for heat exchange networks (HENs), wastewater reduction and water conservation networks, mass exchange networks (MENs), heat- and energy-induced separation networks (HISENs and EISENs), waste interception networks (WINs) and heat- and energy-induced waste minimization networks (HIWAMINs and EIWAMINs), to name a few. This paper provides an overview of some of these developments and outlines major driving forces and hurdles. The fundamental aspects of this approach along with their incorporation in an overall design methodology will be discussed. The paper also highlights several recent applications of process integration to industrial processes. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry [source] The Value of Remanufactured Engines: Life-Cycle Environmental and Economic PerspectivesJOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY, Issue 1-2 2004Vanessa M. Smith Remanufacturing restores used automotive engines to like-new condition, providing engines that are functionally equivalent to a new engine at much lower environmental and economic costs than the manufacture of a new engine. A life-cycle assessment (LCA) model was developed to investigate the energy savings and pollution prevention that are achieved in the United States through remanufacturing a midsized automotive gasoline engine compared to an original equipment manufacturer manufacturing a new one. A typical full-service machine shop, which is representative of 55% of the engine remanufacturers in the United States, was inventoried, and three scenarios for part replacement were analyzed. The life-cycle model showed that the remanufactured engine could be produced with 68% to 83% less energy and 73% to 87% fewer carbon dioxide emissions. The life-cycle model showed significant savings for other air emissions as well, with 48% to 88% carbon monoxide (CO) reductions, 72% to 85% nitrogen oxide (NOx) reductions, 71% to 84% sulfur oxide (SOx) reductions, and 50% to 61% nonmethane hydrocarbon reductions. Raw material consumption was reduced by 26% to 90%, and solid waste generation was reduced by 65% to 88%. The comparison of environmental burdens is accompanied by an economic survey of suppliers of new and remanufactured automotive engines showing a price difference for the consumer of between 30% and 53% for the remanufactured engine, with the greatest savings realized when the remanufactured engine is purchased directly from the remanufacturer. [source] Incorporating sustainable business practices into company strategyBUSINESS STRATEGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Issue 1 2007S. J. Fowler Abstract Building on Hart's natural resource-based view of the firm, this paper reports the results of a case study of the privately owned, high-end outdoor apparel company Patagonia. In this study we examined Hart's three interlinking strategies of pollution prevention, product stewardship and sustainable development, and sought to test whether the resources for their implementation must be accumulated sequentially or whether they can be accumulated in parallel. The case study revealed that Patagonia has made significant progress, and continues to make progress, in each of these three areas. The results also suggested that the company's progress in one area has not necessarily been dependent on progress in another. While acknowledging the limitations of a single case study, we conclude that Patagonia's experience offers strong support for the notion that the resources for implementing strategies towards sustainable development can be accumulated in parallel , as opposed to sequentially. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] | ||||||||||||||||