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Pollutant Emissions (pollutant + emission)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Chemistry40%

Selected Abstracts

Effect of pollution control on corporate financial performance in a transition economy

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 4 2007
Dietrich Earnhart
Abstract This study analyzes the effect of pollution control on corporate financial performance in a transition economy. In particular, it assesses whether better pollution control, as measured by lower air pollutant emissions, improves or undermines financial success, as captured by accounting-based measures of financial performance, e.g. profitability. For this assessment, this study analyzes the effect of air pollution control using a panel of Czech firms for the years 1996,1998. The analytical results indicate that better pollution control neither improves nor undermines financial success. These results provide no support for the hypothesis that pollution prevention, generated by improved production processes, led to lower costs, and thus, greater profitability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source]

Drag reduction by flow separation control on a car after body

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS, Issue 11 2009
Mathieu Rouméas
Abstract New development constraints prompted by new pollutant emissions and fuel consumption standards (Corporate Average Economy Fuel) require that automobile manufacturers develop new flow control devices capable of reducing the aerodynamic drag of motor vehicles. The solutions envisaged must have a negligible impact on the vehicle geometry. In this context, flow control by continuous suction is seen as a promising alternative. The control configurations identified during a previous 2D numerical analysis are adapted for this purpose and are tested on a 3D geometry. A local suction system located on the upper part of the rear window is capable of eliminating the rear window separation on simplified fastback car geometry. Aerodynamic drag reductions close to 17% have been obtained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Materials Metabolism Analysis of China's Highway Traffic System (HTS) for Promoting Circular Economy

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
Zongguo Wen
Summary With the rapid growth of highway mileage and vehicles, the Chinese highway traffic system (HTS) has become one of the great resource consumers. This article attempts to evaluate the material metabolism of China's HTS during 2001,2005 using the approach of material flow analysis (MFA) and to explore possible measures to promote circular economy throughout HTS. We measured a set of indicators to illustrate the whole material metabolism of China's HTS. The results indicated that the direct material input (DMI) of China's HTS increased from 1181.26 million tonnes (Mt) in 2001 to 1,874.57 Mt in 2005, and about 80% of DMI was accumulated in the system as infrastructure and vehicles. The domestic processed output (DPO) increased by 59.0% from 2001 to 2005. Carbon dioxide and solid waste accounted for 80.5% and 10.4% of DPO, respectively. The increase of resource consumption and pollutant emissions kept pace with the growth of transportation turnover. All these suggest that China's HTS still followed an extensive linear developing pattern with large resource consumption and heavy pollution emissions during the study period, which brought great challenges to the resources and the environment. Therefore, it's high time for China to implement a circular economy throughout the HTS by instituting resource and energy savings, by reducing emissions in the field of infrastructure construction and maintenance, by reducing vehicles' energy and materials consumption, and by recycling waste materials. [source]

Pollutant Emissions Management in an Existing Plant: The CHF3 Case,

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 2 2005
M. N. Pantzali
Abstract Changing production patterns towards waste reduction in a globalizing world can be considered a starting point towards sustainable development. The aim of the chemical plant designer is to reduce pollutant emissions, not by cleaning the effluents but by diminishing the production of the undesirable compounds. The case study examined is focused on reducing the CHF3 emission of an existing difluorochloromethane (HCFC-22) plant by allocating the source of the problem and trying to decrease byproduct emissions by reducing their production. The effect of the operating conditions on the formation rate of both the product and the byproduct of the plant is studied and it is proved that the optimum result is accomplished simply by reducing the residence time in the fluorination reactor, that is, without the need for extra investment and/or energy consumption, a solution highly desirable from an economic point of view. The results of the study were applied to an existing plant leading to 50,% reduction of the CHF3 emissions. [source]

Hazardous air pollutants emission from coal and oil-fired power plants

ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2010
Deepak Pudasainee
Abstract Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) emission characteristics from coal (anthracite, bituminous) and oil-fired power plants were studied in order to control pollutants by formulating US maximum achievable control technology (MACT)-like regulation in Korea. Sampling and analysis were carried out according to either Korean standard test method or US EPA method. Relatively lower levels of NOx and SOx were emitted from plants burning bituminous than the anthracite coal. Less dust was emitted from oil-fired power plants. Mercury, lead, and chromium were dominant in coal-fired power plants, following which, nickel and chromium were emitted from oil-fired power plants. The major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from coal-fired plants were 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, trichloro-ethylene. The emission of mercury and other heavy metals in flue gas was attributed to fuel types, operating conditions, residence time in the control devices and air pollution control devices configuration. After emission tests in the field and on analysis of the continuous emission monitoring data collected from facilities under operation and consideration of other various factors, management guidelines will be suggested with special reference to US MACT-like regulation. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]