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Political Problems (political + problem)
Selected AbstractsCoordination as a Political Problem in Coordinated Market EconomiesGOVERNANCE, Issue 1 2006KATHLEEN THELEN The purpose of this article is to explore the political dynamics of employer coordination in three well-known "coordinated market economies." We examine differences in how employer coordination has been organized in Sweden, Germany, and Japan in the area of industrial relations, and we examine the extent to which such coordination represents a self-sustaining equilibrium, as some of the most influential treatments suggest. To preview the findings, we argue that precisely the intensification of cooperation between labor and management in some firms and industries (that the "varieties of capitalism" literature correctly emphasizes) has paradoxically had deeply destabilizing collateral effects that have undermined or are undermining these systems as they were traditionally constituted. All three cases are characterized not so much by a full-blown breakdown of coordination so much as a very significant reconfiguration of the terms and scope of such coordination. Specifically, all three countries feature the emergence of new or intensified forms of dualism,different in each case based on different starting points,in which continued coordination within a smaller core has in some ways been underwritten through the breaking off of other, more peripheral, firms and workers. [source] Battling "Unhealthy Relations": Soviet Youth Sexuality as a Political ProblemJOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008ANN LIVSCHIZ This paper explores the way Soviet party and education officials dealt with female youth sexuality, in an effort to get it under control in order to ensure that Soviet girls grew up to be productive members of Soviet society. Many of the policies enacted by the regime reflected profound social conservatism of the majority of the top political leadership of the country and their great fear of youth, and particularly female, sexuality, as a force that could not be overcome, controlled or fully harnessed for the service of the state. [source] Muslim selves and the American body politic: placing major Nidal Malik Hasan's case in a broader socio-historical contextINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDIES, Issue 3 2010Kambiz Ghaneabassiri Abstract In the past two decades, US wars in Muslim-majority countries along with Muslim militants' attacks on the United States have raised questions about the place of Muslims in America's multicultural society. Attempts to configure the place of Muslim selves in American body politic have focused primarily on the nature of Islam and its relation to American interests rather than on an analysis of the political policies that have shaped our times. This privileging of religio-cultural explanations of US relations with the Muslim world has engendered the presumption that all Muslims are suspect unless they prove themselves otherwise. Major Nidal Malik Hasan's case, whatever his personal psychological condition, is an example of the way in which attempts at providing a religio-cultural solution to a political problem has placed the burden of bridging the gap between American multicultural ideals and American policies that view Muslims as suspect on the back of individual American Muslim selves. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The four Ps of corporate political activity: a framework for environmental analysis and corporate actionJOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, Issue 2 2009Nicolas M. Dahan In this paper, I propose a new integrated framework which may be used to conduct a thorough analysis of a firm's political environment. The four steps of the methodology include the problem (how a political problem emerges and can be shaped by actors), the procedure (the public decision-making procedure), the policies (relevant public policies currently implemented) and the players (including policy-makers as well as participants in the political debate). Together, they form what I call the ,Four Ps of corporate political activity'. This framework can serve not only for environmental analysis and monitoring, but also to improve the effectiveness of a firm's attempts in the field of political influence, through actions such as arena selection, issue framing, the use of procedural opportunities, proactive negotiation of a compromise or gate-keeping the political arena. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Europe in the Political ImaginationJCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 4 2010JONATHAN WHITE Perceptions of the EU tend to be studied by examining responses to targeted opinion polls. This paper looks instead at how citizens draw Europe into a wider discussion of politics and political problems. Based on a series of group discussions with taxi-drivers in Britain, Germany and the Czech Republic, it examines the motifs speakers use to explain the origins of problems, the assumptions they make about their susceptibility to address, and how, when these patterned ways of speaking are applied to the EU, they serve to undermine its credibility as a positive source of political agency. [source] Stan Tu,ek , a truly European neurochemistJOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 2003H. Bachelard Stan Tu,ek was a neurochemist of international stature whose research encompassed the whole cholinergic field. His collaborations with eminent scientists in Canada, France, the UK and the USA gave him a truly global vision. During the time when contacts between scientists in Eastern Europe and the rest of the world were severely restricted for political reasons, Stan managed to facilitate such contacts, exemplified by the international symposium he organised in 1978 on ,The Cholinergic Synapse' in Western Bohemia, where many established cholinergists from the East and West were able to meet for the first time. He was an enthusiastic member of ESN Council, becoming our President in 1984. In 1986 he hosted a most successful meeting of the ESN in Prague at a time of the utmost political difficulty. It was typical of Stan's dedication and ability to work quietly behind the scenes that international political problems were overcome without fuss. As an acknowledged leader in neuroscience he is sorely missed by his many friends throughout the world. [source] The Influence of Country of Birth and Other Variables on the Earnings of ImmigrantsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 2 2005The Case of the United States in 199 With globalization, plus the ongoing wars and political problems facing many countries, immigration has lately been accentuated. It is very common for immigrants to move to countries where it is perceived that their economic and political possibilities might be enhanced. In light of this, many foreigners tend to see the United States as their destination. However, sometimes these new additions to the economy face an uphill battle to fit in and make their abilities be valued in the new country. This paper tries to measure and quantify these problems faced by newcomers. It also addresses the question of who will most probably fare better in the United States. These two issues are measured through data obtained in the Current Population Survey published in March 1999. [source] Change in Order to Conserve: Explaining the Decision to Introduce the 1958 Life Peerages ActPARLIAMENTARY HISTORY, Issue 2 2009PETE DOREY The introduction of life peers in 1958 represented the 20th century's most significant change in the composition of the house of lords, until the removal of (most) hereditary peers in 1999. Yet the 1958 reform was introduced by a Conservative government which was under no discernible pressure to do so, least of all by its own back benchers. Yet the Conservative leadership in both houses of parliament decided to seize the initiative on house of lords reform, partly to enable the house of lords to discharge its political responsibilities more effectively, thereby preventing it from atrophying, and partly to pre-empt more extreme reform by a future Labour government. Yet having agreed to undertake such a reform, senior Conservatives encountered a range of often unforeseen constitutional and political problems, which ensured that the final reform was actually rather less comprehensive than many ministers had originally envisaged. [source] Man in the age of technologyTHE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Umberto Galimberti Abstract:, This paper argues that technology is no longer merely a tool for man's use but has become the environment in which man undergoes modifications. The author traces the role of technology from the Greeks to the present day. For the Greeks, Nature was governed by necessity and therefore unchangeable whereas in the Judeo-Christian tradition, nature was entrusted to man for him to dominate. Modern science studies the world in order to manipulate and dominate nature through the use of technology which has now become an end in itself, governing the solution of political problems and confronting us with problems beyond our competence to resolve. The ethical impact of technology has been to create a change from ,acting' which assumes responsibility for one's actions to ,doing' which is concerned only with the effective execution of a ,job' without concern for the wider consequences. It can no longer be argued that technology is good or bad according to the use we make of it since technology now makes use of us and thus transforms our ethics, social relationships and psychological being. Translations of Abstract Cet article avance l'idée que la technologie n'est plus un simple outil au service de l'homme mais qu'elle est devenue un environnement au sein duquel l'homme subit des modifications. L'auteur retrace le rôle de la technologie de l'Antiquité grecque à nos jours. En Grèce antique, la nature était gouvernée par la nécessité et donc immuable, tandis que dans la tradition judéo-chrétienne, la nature était confiée à l'homme pour qu'il la maîtrise. La science moderne étudie le monde dans le but de manipuler et de maîtriser la nature au moyen de la technologie, devenue une fin en soi, régissant la politique et ses conflits et nous confrontant à des problèmes bien au-delà de nos compétences à les résoudre. L'impact éthique de la technologie a été de provoquer une transformation de l'« agir », qui impliquait la responsabilité de nos actes, en un « faire » qui ne se soucie que de l'efficacité de l'exécution d'un « job », sans considération des conséquences à une plus vaste échelle. Il n'est plus possible de soutenir l'idée que la technologie est bonne ou mauvaise selon l'usage qu'on en fait car la technologie à présent fait usage de nous, transformant par là-même notre éthique, nos relations sociales et notre être psychologique. Dieser Artikel hypostasiert, daß Technologie nicht länger lediglich ein Werkzeug zum Gebrauch durch den Menschen ist, sondern zum Bedingungsumfeld geworden ist, in dem der Mensch Veränderungen unterworfen wird. Der Autor verfolgt die Rolle der Technologie von den Griechen bis zum heutigen Tag. Für die Griechen galt die Natur als von Notwendigkeit bestimmt und deshalb unveränderbar während in der jüdisch-christlichen Tradition die Natur als dem Menschen anvertraut angesehen wird, damit dieser sie beherrsche. Moderne Wissenschaften untersuchen die Welt in der Absicht, die Natur durch technische Eingriffe zu manipulieren und zu beherrschen, was nun sein immanentes Ende findet beim Versuch, etwa politische Probleme zu beeinflussen. Wir sind erkennbar mit Problemen konfrontiert, die außerhalb unserer Lösungsmöglichkeiten liegen. Die ethischen Auswirkungen der Technologie haben einen Wandel geschaffen von ,handeln', was Verantwortlichkeit für die Handlungen beinhaltet, zu ,tun', was lediglich der erfolgreichen Ausführung eines ,Jobs' verpflichtet ist ohne Rücksichten auf weitere Konsequenzen. Es kann nicht länger darüber argumentiert werden, ob Technologie gut oder schlecht ist im Hinblick auf das, wofür wir sie benutzen, da Technologie inzwischen uns benutzt und dadurch unsere Ethik, unsere sozialen Beziehungen und unser seelisches Sein verändert. In questo lavoro si sostiene che la tecnologia non è più un semplice strumento nelle mani dell'uomo, ma è divenuto l'ambiente nel quale l'uomo subisce modificazioni. L'autore traccia il ruolo della tecnologia dai Greci ai giorni attuali. Per i Greci la Natura era governata dalla necessità e quindi non modificabile, mentre nella tradizione Giudeo-Cristiana la natura era affidata all'uomo, perché lui la dominasse. Le scienze attuali studiano il mondo per poter manipolare e dominare la natura attraverso l'uso della tecnologia che ora è divenuta un fine in se stessa, governando la soluzione dei problemi politici e ponendoci davanti a problemi troppo al di sopra delle nostre competenze perché li si possa risolvere. L'impatto della tecnologia sull'etica ha creato uno spostamento da un ,agire', dove ci si assumono le responsabilità delle proprie azioni, a un ,fare' che riguarda solo l'esecuzione effettiva di un ,lavoro' senza riguardo per conseguenze più ampie. Non si può più sostenere che la tecnologia è buona o cattiva a seconda dell'uso che ne facciamo, perché ora è la tecnologia che fa uso di noi e trasforma così la nostra etica, le nostre relazioni sociali e il nostro essere psicologico. En este trabajo se argumenta que la tecnología ya nos es solo la herramienta para uso del hombre sin que se ha convertido en el Medio Ambiente en el cual los humanos se desenvuelven. El Autor sigue la ruta del papel de la tecnología desde los Griegos hasta el presente. Para los Griegos, la Naturaleza estaba gobernada por la necesidad y pr tanto inmodificable, mientras que la tradición Judeo-Cristiana, la Naturaleza fue confiada al Hombre par que la dominara. La ciencia moderna estudia al mundo para poder manipular y ordenar a la Naturaleza a través del uso de la tecnología la cual ahora se ha convertido en un fin en sí misma, gobernando la solución de problemas políticos y confrontándonos con problemas que superan nuestra competencia para resolverlos. El impacto ético de la tecnología ha sido el de crear un cambio entre ,actuar' que connota responsabilidad pos nuestras acciones a ,haciendo' que solo tiene que ver con la ejecución efectiva de un ,trabajo' sin preocuparnos por sus mas amplias consecuencias. No podemos seguir discutiendo si la tecnología es buena o es mala de acuerdo con el uso que le demos ya que ella ahora hace uso de nosotros y por tanto transforma nuestra ética, relaciones sociales y ser psicológico. [source] Mythologies and panics: twentieth century constructions of child prostitutionCHILDREN & SOCIETY, Issue 5 2004Alyson Brown This paper examines twentieth century social constructions of child prostitutes and child prostitution, the origins of these representations and the extent to which they have been used as metaphors for other perceived social, economic and political problems. It is important to recognise that these children have been sexually abused and that discourses that have portrayed them as either assertive and blameworthy seducers or as abducted and coerced innocents are constructed myths which detracted from recognition of the actual problems these children have faced. [source] | |||||||||||||