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Political Considerations (political + consideration)
Selected AbstractsThe supply of natural gas in the European Union,strategic issuesOPEC ENERGY REVIEW, Issue 1 2008Jacques Percebois The objective of this paper was to analyse the weight of natural gas in the European Union and to insist on two points: the role of long-term contracts for supply security and the impact of geopolitical considerations in the relationships with the main suppliers, Russia and Algeria. But for the European Commission, supply security should not be an obstacle to competition. The Commission is also cautious regarding the takeover risks of trans-Europe natural gas transmission firms. Political considerations strongly affect economic factors in international gas exchanges in Europe. [source] Dynamics of support for European integration in post-communist PolandEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2003KAZIMIERZ M. SLOMCZYNSKI This study examines the dynamics of citizen support for European integration in Poland. Using data from 1995 and 1998 surveys and from a three-wave panel study, we find that, as in Western Europe, both utilitarian calculations of self-interest and political considerations are equally important determinants of support for membership in the European Union. Moreover, between 1995 and 1998 there was considerable polarization of opinion along economic, partisan and ideological lines. We also consider the impact of pro-democratic and pro-capitalist values on support for integration. Our results show that, all things being equal, such values are significant predictors of European Union support. In addition, they have a strong impact on individual-level stability and change in attitudes toward Poland joining the European Union. [source] Chinese Choices: A Poliheuristic Analysis of Foreign Policy Crises, 1950,1996FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS, Issue 1 2005Patrick James This paper uses the Poliheuristic Theory (PH), developed by Mintz, which incorporates both psychological and rational choice components in a synthesis of these previously isolated approaches, to explain decision making in Chinese foreign policy crises. China is an interesting initial case for this project for two reasons. One is its importance as a permanent member of the UN Security Council and rising superpower. The other is China's reputation as a nearly unique "black box",an especially challenging case,with regard to decision making in foreign policy crises. Taken from the authoritative compilation of the International Crisis Behavior (ICB) Project, the nine cases (with available data) in which China is a crisis actor span the period from 1950 to 1996. A comparative analysis of Chinese decision making in times of crisis is used to test hypotheses derived from the PH. The hypotheses focus on how decisions are anticipated to occur over two stages. Principal expectations are that the non compensatory rule, which places priority on political considerations, will determine viable alternatives at the first stage, while choices more in line with expected value maximization or lexicographic ordering will characterize the second stage. [source] DECOLONIZING THE PRODUCTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGES?GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2006REFLECTIONS ON RESEARCH WITH INDIGENOUS MUSICIANS ABSTRACT. This paper contributes to debates on decolonizing geography, by reflecting on the ethical and political considerations involved in research on indigenous music in Australia. The research collaboration involved two non-indigenous researchers,an academic geographer and a music educator,engaging with indigenous music and musicians in a number of ways. The paper reflects on these engagements, and draws attention to a series of key binaries and boundaries that were highlighted and unsettled: ,outsider/insider'; ,traditional/contemporary'; ,authenticity/inauthenticity'. It also discusses the politics of publishing and draws attention to the ways in which the objects of our work,in this case a book,influence decisions about representation, subject matter, and interpretations of speaking positions. Rather than seeking validation for attempts to ,speak for' or ,speak to' indigenous musical perspectives, contemporary Aboriginality was understood as a field of intersubjective relations where multiple voices, representations and interventions are made. I discuss some ways in which the authors sought to situate their own musical, and geographical, knowledges in this problematic, and inherently political, research context. [source] Justice in River Management: Community Perceptions from the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, AustraliaGEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2005Mick Hillman Abstract Dealing with differing and sometimes conflicting criteria for priority-setting is an essential part of sustainable natural resource management. However, all too often, these ethical and political considerations are neglected within a planning regime based upon apparently ,objective' biophysical assessment techniques. Input into associated decision-making processes is also frequently restricted to a narrow range of ,stakes' based upon historical and geographic circumstances. This paper reports on the findings of interviews and discussion groups in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, which aimed to canvass the diversity of perceptions of distributive and procedural justice in river rehabilitation. A range of biophysical and social criteria for setting priorities in rehabilitation work was identified. Participants also had differing ideas on the composition of decision-making bodies and on decision-making processes. The key implications of these findings are that sustainable river management policy needs to openly address differing conceptions of justice and that rehabilitation practice should be holistic, transdisciplinary and concerned with both outcome and process. [source] Japan's never,ending social security reformsINTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY REVIEW, Issue 4 2002Noriyuki Takayama This paper examines implications of the 2002 population projections for future trends in pension and healthcare costs in Japan. Current redistributive pension and healthcare programmes have resulted in considerably higher per capita income for the aged than the non,aged population. Substantive reforms are needed to lessen the extent of such redistribution, but political considerations have meant that only incremental reforms have been feasible. A start, however, has been made on introducing private initiatives in pensions; and shifting from the command and control model operated by the central government to a contracting model for healthcare. [source] The Development of Corporate Identity: A Political PerspectiveJOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 5 2008Suzana Rodrigues abstract A corporate identity denotes a set of attributes that senior managers ascribe to their organization. It is therefore an organizational identity articulated by a powerful interest group. It can constitute a claim which serves inter alia to justify the authority vested in top managers and to further their interests. The academic literature on organizational identity, and on corporate identity in particular, pays little attention to these political considerations. It focuses in an apolitical manner on shared meanings when corporate identity works, or on cognitive dissonance when it breaks down. In response to this analytical void, we develop a political analysis of corporate identity and its development, using as illustration a longitudinal study of successive changes in the corporate identity of a Brazilian telecommunications company. This suggests a cyclical model in which corporate identity definition and redefinition involve power relations, resource mobilization and struggles for legitimacy. [source] Europeanization and the Communist Successor Parties in Post-Communist PoliticsPOLITICS & POLICY, Issue 1 2006John Ishiyama In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the domestic political consequences of "Europeanization." This article seeks to focus on developing a framework by which the effects of Europeanization on the communist successor parties might be investigated and to initially examine that framework in light of the evidence presented by four "critical cases",the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSCM), the Party of Social Democrats of Romania (PDSR/PSD), and the Party of the Democratic Left in Slovakia (SDL). Using textual analysis of party programs to ascertain the identity of the parties, and examining their organizational structures, this article finds that Europeanization itself does not explain the evolution of political parties in post-communist politics. Rather, domestic political considerations play a more important role in shaping these parties. [source] Does Performance Budgeting Work?PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 5 2006An Examination of the Office of Management, Budget's PART Scores In this paper, the authors use the Bush administration's management grades from the Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) to evaluate performance budgeting in the federal government,in particular, the role of merit and political considerations in formulating recommendations for 234 programs in the president's fiscal year 2004 budget. PART scores and political support were found to influence budget choices in expected ways, and the impact of management scores on budget decisions diminished as the political component was taken into account. The Bush administration's management scores were positively correlated with proposed budgets for programs housed in traditionally Democratic departments but not in other departments. The federal government's most ambitious effort to use performance budgeting to date shows both the promise and the problems of this endeavor. [source] Building Bridges over Troubled Waters: Merit as a GuidePUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 4 2006Patricia Wallace Ingraham The federal civil service has developed in fits and starts, with specific reforms fashioned in reaction to the particular political considerations of a given time. Yet the concept of merit has remained a central, albeit malleable, sometimes neglected, and perhaps quaint ideal. Reinvention, efficiency, and effectiveness must honor excellence and the notion of public service as a calling. [source] Imperfect Federalism: The Intergovernmental Partnership for Homeland SecurityPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 4 2006Peter Eisinger The terror attacks of September 11, 2001, posed a set of security challenges for the nation's cities that the increasingly decentralized federal system was poorly prepared to meet. Although it was generally agreed that domestic security required a close intergovernmental partnership, strong national leadership and support were lacking in creating and guiding this partnership. To make matters more difficult, political considerations in Congress generally trumped the assessment of security risks in the distribution of federal fiscal aid. This article explores the strains in the intergovernmental homeland security partnership, their causes, and efforts to adapt and reform. Despite some progress toward a more rational public administration of homeland security, the partnership still reflects the deficiencies of imperfect federalism. [source] An Economic Theory of Mortgage Redemption LawsREAL ESTATE ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2008Matthew J. Baker Redemption laws give mortgagors the right to redeem their property following default for a statutorily set period of time. This article develops a theory that explains these laws as a means of protecting landowners against the loss of nontransferable values associated with their land. A longer redemption period reduces the risk that this value will be lost but also increases the likelihood of default. The optimal redemption period balances these effects. Empirical analysis of cross-state data from the early twentieth century suggests that these factors, in combination with political considerations, explain the existence and length of redemption laws. [source] Determinants of Canadian bilateral aid allocations: humanitarian, commercial or political?CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2004Ryan Macdonald We draw on models of donor behaviour that allow us to incorporate humanitarian, commercial and political considerations , the ,trinity of mixed motives', that affect Canadian aid. We find that allocations are moderately altruistic. Recipient country human rights and membership in the Commonwealth and La Francophonie also affect aid flows. Most strikingly, our results suggest that Canadian aid flows became less altruistic over this period and commercial motives became increasingly important. JEL Classification: H50, O10 Les déterminants des allocations de l'aide humanitaire canadienne : humanitaires, commerciaux ou politiques? Ce mémoire étudie les déterminants de l'allocation de l'aide bilatérale canadienne dans la période 1984,2000. On utilise des modèles de comportement de donateur qui permettent de prendre en considérations les motivations humanitaires, commerciales et politiques , la trinité de motifs mixtes , qui affectent l'aide canadienne. On découvre que les allocations sont modérément altruistes. Le fait pour un pays de défendre bien les droits de la personne, et d'être membre du Commonwealth et de la Francophonie, affecte les flux d'aide. Plus important, peut-être, les résultats suggèrent qu'au cours de cette période les flux d'aide canadienne deviennent moins altruistes et les motifs commerciaux de plus en plus importants. [source] | |||||||||||||