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Potential Prognostic Marker (potential + prognostic_marker)
Selected AbstractsCorrelation of protein expression, Gleason score and DNA ploidy in prostate cancerPROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 15 2006Helena Lexander Abstract The prognosis of prostate cancer correlates with tumor differentiation. Gleason score and DNA ploidy are two prognostic factors that correlate with prognosis. We analyzed differences in protein expression in prostate cancer of high and low aggressiveness according to these measures. From 35 prostatectomy specimens, 29 cancer samples and 10 benign samples were harvested by scraping cells from cut surfaces. DNA ploidy was assessed by image cytometry. Protein preparations from cell suspensions were examined by 2-DE. Protein spots that differed quantitatively between sample groups were identified by MS fingerprinting of tryptic fragments and MS/MS sequence analysis. We found 39 protein spots with expression levels that were raised or lowered in correlation with Gleason score and/or DNA ploidy pattern (31 overexpressed in high-malignant cancer, 8 underexpressed). Of these, 30 were identified by MS. Among overexpressed proteins were heat-shock, structural and membrane proteins and enzymes involved in gene silencing, protein synthesis/degradation, mitochondrial protein import (metaxin 2), detoxification (GST-pi) and energy metabolism. Stroma-associated proteins were generally underexpressed. The protein expression of prostate cancer correlates with tumor differentiation. Potential prognostic markers may be found among proteins that are differentially expressed and the clinical value of these should be validated. [source] EBAG9 is a tumor-promoting and prognostic factor for bladder cancerINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 4 2009Jinpei Kumagai Abstract Upregulation of EBAG9 expression has been observed in several malignant tumors such as advanced breast and prostate cancers, indicating that EBAG9 may contribute to tumor proliferation. In the present study, we assess the role of EBAG9 in bladder cancer. We generated human bladder cancer EJ cells stably expressing FLAG-tagged EBAG9 (EJ-EBAG9) or empty vector (EJ-vector), and investigated whether EBAG9 overexpression modulates cell growth and migration in vitro as well as the in vivo tumor formation of EJ transfectants in xenograft models of BALB/c nude mice. EBAG9 overexpression promoted EJ cell migration, while the effect of EBAG9 to cultured cell growth was rather minimal. Tumorigenic experiments in nude mice showed that the size of EJ-EBAG9-derived tumors was significantly larger than EJ-vector-derived tumors. Loss-of-function study for EBAG9 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in xenografts with parental EJ cells showed that the intra-tumoral injection of EBAG9 siRNA markedly reduced the EJ tumor formation compared with control siRNA. Furthermore, immunohistochemical study for EBAG9 expression was performed in 60 pathological bladder cancer specimens. Intense and diffuse cytoplasmic immunostaining was observed in 45% of the bladder cancer cases. Positive EBAG9 immunoreactivity was closely correlated with poor prognosis of the patients (p = 0.0001) and it was an independent prognostic predictor for disease-specific survival in multivariate analysis (p = 0.003). Our results indicate that EBAG9 would be a crucial regulator of tumor progression and a potential prognostic marker for bladder cancer. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Osteopontin expression correlates with prognostic variables and survival in clear cell renal cell carcinomaJOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 4 2006Koviljka Matusan MD Abstract Background and Objectives Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein with diverse functions including tumorigenesis and tumor cell metastasis. Recently, it has been detected in a growing number of human tumors, and assessed as a potential prognostic marker. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of OPN in normal renal tissue and clear cell renal cell carcinomas (CRCCs), and to assess its prognostic significance. Methods The expression of OPN protein was immunohistochemically analyzed in 171 CRCCs and compared to usual clinicopathological parameters such as tumor size, nuclear grade, pathological stage, Ki-67 proliferation index, and cancer-specific survival. Results In normal renal parenchyma, the expression of OPN was seen in distal tubular epithelial cells, calcifications, and some stromal cells. The upregulation of OPN was observed in 61 CRCCs (35.7%) in the form of cytoplasmic granular staining of various intensities. Statistical analysis showed correlation of the OPN expression with tumor size (P,<,0.001), Fuhrman nuclear grade (P,<,0.001), pathological stage (P,=,0.011), and Ki-67 proliferation index (P,<,0.001). Moreover, patients with OPN-positive tumors had significantly worse prognosis in comparison to patients with tumors lacking OPN protein (P,=,0.004). Conclusion Our results suggest that overexpression of OPN is involved in the progression of CRCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:325,331. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Fatty acid synthase expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: clinicopathological findingsORAL DISEASES, Issue 4 2008SD Silva Background:, Overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), the cytosolic enzyme responsible for the conversion of dietary carbohydrates to fatty acids, has been reported in several human malignancies and pointed as a potential prognostic marker for some tumors. This study investigated whether FAS immunohistochemical expression is correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and methods:, The clinical features of 102 patients with OSCC of the tongue treated in a single institution were obtained from the medical records and all histopathological diagnoses were reviewed. The expression of FAS was determined by the standard immunoperoxidase technique in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens and correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors. Results:, Eighty-one cases (79.41%) were positive for FAS. Microscopic characteristics such as histological grade (P < 0.05), lymphatic permeation (P < 0.001), perineural infiltration (P < 0.05), and nodal metastasis (P < 0.02) were associated with FAS status. A significantly lower survival probability for patients with advanced clinical stage (log-rank test, P < 0.001), lymph nodes metastasis (log-rank test, P < 0.001), presence of vascular permeation (log-rank test, P = 0.05), and perineural invasion (log-rank test, P = 0.01) was observed in the studied samples. Conclusion:, The expression of FAS in OSCC of the tongue is associated with the microscopic characteristics that determine disease progression and prognosis. [source] Free fetal DNA in maternal circulation: a potential prognostic marker for chromosomal abnormalities?PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 2 2007Ageliki Gerovassili Abstract Objectives Previous studies on the association of fetal cell-free (cf)DNA levels in maternal circulation have produced conflicting results but the sample sizes were small and based on archived material. We aimed to quantify the levels of fetal and total cfDNA on prospectively collected samples, to understand their correlation with other variables and to clarify their diagnostic value. Methods DNA from pre-CVS maternal plasma was extracted from 264 controls, 72 trisomy 21, 24 trisomy 18, 12 trisomy 13, 16 Turner's syndrome and 8 triploidy first-trimester pregnancies and quantified using real-time PCR. ,-globin was used to determine total cfDNA levels and DYS14 and SRY assays to determine fetal cfDNA levels. Results Fetal cfDNA levels (DYS14) showed correlation with crown rump length (CRL) (p = 0.004), BMI (p = 0.01) and storage time (p = 0.007) while there was an inverse correlation of total cfDNA levels with nuchal translucency (NT) (p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the levels of fetal cfDNA in controls and aneuploidy cases. Conclusion Quantification of fetal and total cfDNA in maternal circulation showed inverse correlation between NT and total cfDNA levels. Our results also suggest that fetal cfDNA is not an ideal prognostic marker for chromosomal abnormalities in first-trimester pregnancies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Detection of WA B cells in hepatitis C virus infection: A potential prognostic marker for cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and B cell malignanciesARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 7 2010Glenn B. Knight Objective An uncommon manifestation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is systemic vasculitis associated with type II cryoglobulinemia (cryoglobulinemic vasculitis), a proliferative B cell disorder that transforms into B cell malignancy in 5,10% of patients. The monoclonal rheumatoid factors (mRF) that bear the WA cross-idiotype (Xid) are responsible for most cases of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis in patients with HCV infection. The purpose of this study was to determine whether WA B cells can be detected in asymptomatic patients with HCV infection, using sequence analysis of B cell clonal expansions (BCEs) to identify the WA Xid. Methods Asymptomatic patients with HCV infection and those without HCV infection as well as respective control patients with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, whose serum was either negative or positive for WA mRF, were studied. BCEs were isolated in the patients' blood, and WA BCEs were identified by sequencing analysis. Results BCEs were detected in all control patients with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, but only control patients with HCV infection had WA BCEs. None of the 33 asymptomatic patients without HCV infection had a BCE. WA BCEs were detected in 4 (7.4%) of 55 asymptomatic patients with HCV infection, in none of 14 patients with HCV infection and type III cryoglobulinemia, and in 5 (13.5%) of 37 patients with HCV infection and serum RF positivity. One patient with a WA BCE had splenic lymphoma markers and villous lymphocytes, and the villous lymphocytes were found to be WA B cells. Conclusion By identification of the WA Xid, WA B cells can be detected in asymptomatic HCV-infected patients. WA B cells in asymptomatic patients with HCV infection may be a marker for the development of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and associated B cell malignancies. The results of this study provide a basis for the development of the first practical clinical application of cross-idiotype analysis. [source] Optimizing flow cytometric DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction as independent prognostic markers for node-negative breast cancer specimensCYTOMETRY, Issue 3 2001C.B. Bagwell Abstract Developing a reliable and quantitative assessment of the potential virulence of a malignancy has been a long-standing goal in clinical cytometry. DNA histogram analysis provides valuable information on the cycling activity of a tumor population through S-phase estimates; it also identifies nondiploid populations, a possible indicator of genetic instability and subsequent predisposition to metastasis. Because of conflicting studies in the literature, the clinical relevance of both of these potential prognostic markers has been questioned for the management of breast cancer patients. The purposes of this study are to present a set of 10 adjustments derived from a single large study that optimizes the prognostic strength of both DNA ploidy and S-phase and to test the validity of this approach on two other large multicenter studies. Ten adjustments to both DNA ploidy and S-phase were developed from a single node-negative breast cancer database from Baylor College (n = 961 cases). Seven of the adjustments were used to reclassify histograms into low-risk and high-risk ploidy patterns based on aneuploid fraction and DNA index optimum thresholds resulting in prognostic P values changing from little (P < 0.02) or no significance to P < 0.000005. Other databases from Sweden (n = 210 cases) and France (n = 220 cases) demonstrated similar improvement of DNA ploidy prognostic significance, P < 0.02 to P < 0.0009 and P < 0.12 to P < 0.002, respectively. Three other adjustments were applied to diploid and aneuploid S-phases. These adjustments eliminated a spurious correlation between DNA ploidy and S-phase and enabled them to combine independently into a powerful prognostic model capable of stratifying patients into low, intermediate, and high-risk groups (P < 0.000005). When the Baylor prognostic model was applied to the Sweden and French databases, similar significant patient stratifications were observed (P < 0.0003 and P < 0.00001, respectively). The successful transference of the Baylor prognostic model to other studies suggests that the proposed adjustments may play an important role in standardizing this test and provide valuable prognostic information to those involved in the management of breast cancer patients. Cytometry (Comm. Clin. Cytometry) 46:121,135, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||