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Potassium Content (potassium + content)
Selected AbstractsThe Physicochemical Quality Characteristics of Charcoal Grilled MackerelsJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 3 2002M-Y. Kim ABSTRACT: : The effects of different fuel sources used in grilling on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of mackerel were investigated. Oak and sawdust charcoals were used as fuel sources. The content of saturated fatty acids was increased during grilling. Histidine was the most predominant amino acid; grilling significantly increased glutamic acid. Mackerel shows a high inosine 5,-monophosphate content that is increased during grilling. Oak charcoal and sawdust charcoal contained high levels of potassium and sodium, respectively. Potassium content was increased at the surface muscle of oak charcoal grilled mackerel (OM). The flavor preference for OM was significantly (p < 0.05%) higher than for sawdust charcoal grilled mackerel. These results indicate that physicochemical and sensory properties of grilled foods can be affected by the fuel source. [source] Lack of main K+ uptake systems in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells affects yeast performance in both potassium-sufficient and potassium-limiting conditionsFEMS YEAST RESEARCH, Issue 5 2010Clara Navarrete Abstract A new YNB medium containing very low concentrations of alkali metal cations has been developed to carry out experiments to study potassium homoeostasis. Physiological characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 strain and the corresponding mutant lacking the main potassium uptake systems (trk1 trk2) under potassium nonlimiting and limiting concentrations was performed, and novel important differences between both strains were found. At nonlimiting concentrations of KCl, the two strains had a comparable cell size and potassium content. Nevertheless, mutants were hyperpolarized, had lower pH and extruded fewer protons compared with the BY4741 strain. Upon transfer to K+ -limiting conditions, cells of both strains became hyperpolarized and their cell volume and K+ content diminished; however, the decrease was more relevant in BY4741. In low potassium, trk1 trk2 cells were not able to accomplish the cell cycle to the same extent as in BY4741. Moreover, K+ limitation triggered a high-affinity K+/Rb+ uptake process only in BY4741, with the highest affinity being reached as soon as 30 min after transfer to potassium-limiting conditions. By establishing basic cellular parameters under standard growth conditions, this work aims to establish a basis for the investigation of potassium homoeostasis at the system level. [source] Dietary cation,anion difference and cadmium concentration in grasses fertilized with chlorideGRASS & FORAGE SCIENCE, Issue 4 2007S. Pelletier Abstract High dietary cation,anion difference (DCAD) of grass herbage increases the occurrence of hypocalcaemia of dairy cows. Application of chloride fertilizer reduces DCAD of herbage but it could increase cadmium concentration in herbage. This study includes an experiment conducted in Australia and in Canada. A glasshouse experiment in Australia evaluated the effect of four rates of chloride application (0,240 kg ha,1) on values of herbage DCAD and cadmium concentration of above-ground plant material of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.), harvested 6 weeks after sowing and grown on two soils that had received cadmium either as a contaminant in superphosphate (soil + Super) or in sewage biosolids (soil + Bio) along with respective control soils (soil 0 Super and soil 0 Bio). Application of chloride fertilizer decreased values of herbage DCAD by 349 mmolc kg,1 dry matter (DM). Herbage DCAD values were highest on the 0 Bio soil (739 mmolc kg,1 DM) and were not different among the three other soils. Species did not differ in herbage DCAD values. Cadmium concentration in the above-ground plant material was highest on the +Bio soil treatment (1·67 mg kg,1 DM) and was lower for the three other soil treatments. Above-ground plant material of phalaris had a higher cadmium concentration than that of timothy. Application of chloride fertilizer did not affect cadmium concentration in above-ground plant material, despite the high cadmium content of the soil on the +Bio treatment. The field experiment in Canada evaluated the effect of four rates of chloride application (0,144 kg ha,1) on cadmium concentration of a timothy-based grass sward grown on four sites with soils of different potassium content. Application of chloride fertilizer increased cadmium concentration of herbage at two of the four sites but the maximum increase in cadmium concentration was only 0·025 mg kg,1 DM. Chloride fertilizer can be applied to decrease forage DCAD with minimal risk of increasing Cd in the food chain. [source] Is the intrinsic potassium content of forages an important factor in intake regulation of dairy cows?JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 4 2009F. Leiber Summary Hay from intensively managed grassland with high nutrient density and digestibility containing 29 g potassium/kg dry matter (DM) and hay from an alpine pasture, clearly lower in energy, digestibility and potassium (12 g/kg DM) were offered as sole feeds to 18 lactating dairy cows following a change-over arrangement within three periods of 21 days each (schedule either alpine-lowland-alpine or lowland-alpine-lowland hay). Faeces and urine were quantitatively collected over 7 days. Dry matter intake was similar and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intake was higher with alpine than with lowland hay (1.57 kg/100 kg vs. 1.43 kg/100 kg body weight). Potassium intake was approximately three times lower with alpine than with lowland hay. Urinary water output was closely correlated with potassium intake. It was also correlated with DM intake but only in animals receiving lowland hay, while it remained independent from intake when alpine hay was fed. Plasma osmolality was lower when alpine hay was fed. As energy requirements were not covered with either diet, the lower NDF intake with lowland hay was assumed to have been caused by higher ruminal osmolality because of the higher intrinsic potassium concentrations of this hay type. Further studies are necessary to determine potassium levels critical for feed intake. [source] Influence of the dietary potassium content on transepithelial potassium transport in rat jejunumJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 3 2000R. Cermak Summary In a recent study, we found that the distal rat jejunum is able to secrete K+ under in vitro conditions. The question therefore arises as to whether the small intestine might participate in K+ homeostasis. Consequently, this study examined the influence of the dietary K+ content on transepithelial K+ transport in rat jejunum. Rats were fed two diets differing in K+ content (control diet 4.0 g K+/kg, low K+ diet (LK) 0.27 g K+/kg). After a minimal feeding period of 7 days, distal jejunal sheets were mounted in Ussing chambers and unidirectional 86Rb+ fluxes (as a marker for K+ transport) were measured under short-circuit conditions. Jejunum obtained from rats fed the control diet showed a net K+ secretion of 200 nmol Rb+/h/cm2. Unidirectional Rb+ fluxes were smaller in distal jejunum from rats fed the LK diet. In these tissues, glucose-induced short-circuit current and tissue conductance were also smaller than in controls. However, net Rb+ fluxes were not significantly different in small intestine from K+ -restricted rats compared with jejunum from control animals. Based on the observation that the dietary K+ content does not affect transepithelial net K+ transport, we conclude that transcellular K+ secretion by the small intestine is not involved in K+ homeostasis. [source] Effect of soil and physiographic factors on ecological plant groups in the eastern Elborz mountain rangeland of IranGRASSLAND SCIENCE, Issue 2 2010Mohammadreza Tatian Abstract To investigate the cause of differences among ecological plant groups in the east of the Elborz mountain rangeland, the role of edaphical and topographical characteristics was considered. Two ordination techniques, detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), were used. The values of slope, aspect, altitude and lithology information were provided by Geographic Information System (GIS), and geomorphological land units were determined by intersection of overlaid data layers. Plant sampling was undertaken within nine land units with similar lithology and altitude but which differed in slope and aspect, using 30 randomly selected 1 m2 plots per land unit. Soil samples were taken from two depths (0,20 and 20,50 cm) in each plot. Organic matter, bulk density, texture, calcium carbonate, total nitrogen and available phosphorus and potassium contents were determined. The results indicated that plant species have different responses to edaphical and topographical parameters. The invader species group had a balanced amount of influence from all soil components and topographic factors, whereas the native grasses were located in productive soils, which typically have a low grazing intensity, such as the north facing slopes. Coniferous bushy trees, cushion plants and some shrub plant groups were found on steep slopes with alkaline soils. The broad-leaved bushy trees plant group was abundant in fine texture soils on low and humid slopes. [source] CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PROCESSED RAS CHEESE SPREADS AS AFFECTED BY EMULSIFYING SALT MIXTURES,JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 3 2000LAILA B. ABDEL-HAMID Processed cheese spreads were produced using Ras cheese and various emulsifying salt mixtures. Acidified Ras cheese (2 month old) was used as the cheese base with salt mixtures (1) Na-pyrophosphate + Na-polyphosphate, (2) Na-pyrophosphate + Na-polyphosphate + Na-tripolyphosphate, and (3) Na-pyrophosphate + Na-polyphosphate + Na-orthophosphate + Na-tripolyphosphate. For comparison, cheese spreads were also made with commercial emulsifying salts JOHA S10, S9 special, and NO. Total and soluble nitrogen (SN), peptization, ash, mineral, pH value, and potentiometric acid-base titration for the processed cheese were studied. Ash, sodium and potassium contents showed a significant difference among the treatments. the pH values tended to decrease with increasing polyphosphate ratio in the salt mixture and with prolonging the storage period. the SN increased with increasing the pyrophosphate percent in the salt mixture and with higher pH value. the buffering capacity of cheese made of salt mixtures difsered from those made of the commercial mixtures, and it was correlated to the individual salts used in the mixture. The mixtures of (1) 70+30%, (2) 60+30+10% and (3) 50+20+20+10% can be recommended for producing the spreadable processed Ras cheese with acceptable chemical properties. [source] Spatial variability in the mineralisation of the phenylurea herbicide linuron within a Danish agricultural field: multivariate correlation to simple soil parameters,PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 9 2005Jim Rasmussen Abstract The spatial variability in the mineralisation rate of linuron [N -(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- N,-methoxy- N,-methylurea] was studied within a previously treated Danish agricultural field by sampling soils from eleven different plots randomly distributed across an area of 20 × 20 m. The soils were characterised with respect to different abiotic and biotic properties including moisture content, organic matter content, pH, nutrient content, bacterial biomass, potential for mineralisation of MCPA [(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid] and linuron. Five soils had a potential for mineralisation of linuron, with 5,15% of the added [ring -U- 14C]linuron metabolised to 14CO2 within 60 days at 10 °C, while no extensive mineralisation of linuron was observed in the six remaining soils within this period. A TLC analysis of the methanol-extractable residues showed no development of 14C-labelled metabolites from linuron in any of the samples. Multivariate analysis was conducted to elucidate relationships between the intrinsic properties of single soil samples and initial rate of linuron mineralisation. The analysis indicated that important soil parameters in determining the spatial heterogeneity included the Ctotal/Ntotal ratio, pH and the water-extractable potassium contents, with the first of these highly negatively correlated and the last two highly positively correlated to the initial linuron mineralisation rate. This study shows that enhanced biodegradation of linuron may develop with successive field treatments, but that considerable in-field spatial heterogeneity in the degradation rate still exists. Combined with a parallel enrichment study focused on the underlying microbial processes, the present results suggest that intrinsic soil properties affect the linuron-metabolising bacterial population and thereby determine the spatial variability in the linuron mineralisation activity. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source] | ||||||||||||||||