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Plant Endemic (plant + endemic)
Selected AbstractsWithanolides from Withania adpressaHELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Issue 2 2007Hasna Abdeljebbar, Lalla Abstract From the leaves of Withania adpressa, a plant endemic to Sahara of Morocco and Algeria, the novel steroidal lactone (22R)-14,,15,,17,,20, -tetrahydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,5,24-trien-26,22-olide (=,(15S,17S)-14,15,17,20-tetrahydroxy-22,26-epoxyergosta-2,5,24-triene-1,26-dione; 1), was isolated, along with three known compounds, withanolides F (2), J (3), and oleanolic acid. Their structures were mainly solved by in-depth 1D- and 2D-NMR (including ADEQUATE) experiments, as well as by HR-MS analyses and chemical evidence. [source] Population genetics and breeding system of Tupistra pingbianensis (Liliaceae), a naturally rare plant endemic to SW ChinaJOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS EVOLUTION, Issue 1 2010Qin QIAO Abstract The levels and partitioning of genetic diversity and inbreeding depression were investigated in Tupistra pingbianensis, a narrow endemic of southeast Yunnan, China, characterized by a naturally fragmented distribution due to extreme specialization on a rare habitat type. Here genetic diversity and patterns of genetic variation within and among 11 populations were analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers with 97 individuals across its whole geographical range. High levels of genetic variation were revealed both at the species level (P99= 96.012%; Ht= 0.302) and at the population level (P99= 51.41%; Hs= 0.224). Strong genetic differentiation among populations was also detected (FST= 0.2961; ,II= 0.281), which corresponded to results reported for typical animal-pollinated, mixed selfing, and outcrossing plant species. This result was consistent with mating patterns detected by our pollination experiments. The indirect estimate of gene flow based on ,II was low (Nm= 0.64). Special habitat and its life history traits might play an important role in shaping the genetic diversity and the genetic structure of this species. A pollination experiment also failed to detect significant inbreeding depression upon F1 fruit set, seed weight, and germinate rate fitness-traits. As a naturally rare species, T. pingbianensis is not seriously genetically impoverished and likely to have adapted to tolerating a high level of inbreeding early in its history, we propose this species need only periodic monitoring to ensure their continued persistence, but not intervention to remain viable. [source] Negative ion ,chip-based' nanospray tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of flavonoids in glandular trichomes of Lychnophora ericoides Mart. (Asteraceae)RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 23 2008Leonardo Gobbo-Neto This paper reports a method for the analysis of secondary metabolites stored in glandular trichomes, employing negative ion ,chip-based' nanospray tandem mass spectrometry. The analyses of glandular trichomes from Lychnophora ericoides, a plant endemic to the Brazilian ,cerrado' and used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent, led to the identification of five flavonoids (chrysin, pinocembrin, pinostrobin, pinobanksin and 3- O -acetylpinobanksin) by direct infusion of the extracts of glandular trichomes into the nanospray ionisation source. All the flavonoids have no oxidation at ring B, which resulted in a modification of the fragmentation pathways compared with that of the oxidised 3,4-dihydroflavonoids already described in the literature. The absence of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant di- C -glucosylflavone vicenin-2, or any other flavonoid glycosides, in the glandular trichomes was also demonstrated. The use of the ,chip-based' nanospray QqTOF apparatus is a new fast and useful tool for the identification of secondary metabolites stored in the glandular trichomes, which can be useful for chemotaxonomic studies based on metabolites from glandular trichomes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Diet of the Delacour's langur (Trachypithecus delacouri) in Van Long Nature Reserve, VietnamAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Catherine Workman Abstract The six limestone langur taxa of Southeast Asia inhabit the rugged limestone karst mountains, although the reason for their current restriction to this habitat is unclear. From August 2007 to July 2008, I collected data on the diet and feeding behavior of the critically endangered Delacour's langur (Trachypithecus delacouri) in Van Long Nature Reserve, Vietnam. I used these data to evaluate the hypothesis that limestone langurs are found on karst habitat because they depend on endemic limestone plants. Feeding accounted for 29% of the langurs' activity budget. Young leaves dominated the diet monthly, seasonally, and annually. The annual diet consists of nearly 79% foliage with almost 60% young leaves. Despite a distinct wet and dry season, over the study period, seasonal variation in plant part consumption was slight. Fruit and seeds were a small contribution to the diet. Delacour's langurs ate 42 of 145 available species, and they concentrated on a subset of this number. Five plant species comprised more than 60% of the diet and 16 species comprised more than 93%. More than half of the diet came from climbers. Delacour's langurs are among the most highly folivorous of studied colobines and, along with the closely related T. leucocephalus of southern China, the most folivorous of the Asian langurs. Whether high folivory is owing to a lack of available fruits and seeds in limestone habitats is unknown. What is certain, however, is that the plant species most important in the Delacour's langurs' diet at VLNR, throughout the study, were not plants endemic to limestone. Feeding dependence alone, therefore, cannot explain the current distribution of limestone langurs on karst habitat. Am. J. Primatol. 72:317,324, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A revision of Cerdia (Caryophyllaceae)BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 1 2006VICTORIA SOSA Cerdia is a poorly understood genus of minute cushiony plants endemic to Mexico that is traditionally placed in subfamily Paronychioideae, tribe Polycarpeae (Caryophyllaceae). Morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis of ITS DNA sequences were carried out to determine the number of species, heretofore controversial, that constitute the genus as well as its position within Caryophyllaceae. Samples of Cerdia were collected through its entire range of distribution and together with previous specimens were used in morphological analyses. Nineteen terminal taxa were considered in a phylogenetic analysis with representatives of the different lineages in Caryophyllaceae. Results indicated that Cerdia is a monotypic genus, including only one variable species, C. virescens, but its phylogenetic affinities remain doubtful. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 152, 1,13. [source] | |||||||||||||